Masters of Science

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DETERMINANTSOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTIVITYAND RURALHOUSEHOLDINCOMEINETHIOPIA
(Wolkite University, 2018-06) BIRHANGIRMA
Improvementsintheagriculturalproductivityandruralhousehold’sincomeandidentifyingthefactorscontributetoitsimprovementisverycriticalforenhancingfoodsecurityandpovertyreductionstrategyinEthiopia.Theaim of this paperisto investigate the factors contributing to agricultural productivity and rural households ’income differential in Ethiopia. The study used paneldata ofEthiopiansocioeconomicsurveycollectedbyCentralStatisticalAgencyofEthiopiaincollaborationofWorldBankinthethreesurveyperiodsof2012,2014and2016productionyears.ThestudywasusedeconometricmodelsderivedfromCobDoglaproductionfunctionnamely:Pooledordinaryleastsquare(withingroup),fixedeffects(FE)andrandomeffects(RE)models for labor and land productivit yandmultiplereression modelsto identify contributing factors forrural household income differential across regions. And the modeloutput indicated that, irrigation use,number of oxen, on-farm income, and education levelofhousehold head, cultivated area,ageand amountsoffertilizerused werethesignificantvariablesthatcontributetofarmincomedifferentialinthestudyarea.Therefore ,the policy implication of the study is that ,increasing and properutilization of the aforementioned variable’s should have getdueattention tospeed up the enhancement of agricultural productivity and rural householdincome.
ThesisSubmittedtotheschoolofGraduateStudiesofWolkiteUniversityinPartial FulfilmentoftheRequirementsforAwardoftheDegreeofMasterofSciencein Economics(Development Economics)
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2018-06) MULUGETASEIFU
ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL INPUT CREDIT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE: THE CASE OF KUYU WOREDA
(Wolkite University, 2019) ASTER SOLOMON
Agriculture is the largest sector in the Ethiopian economy approximately employing 85% of theCountry’s population. Government of Ethiopia is currently paying attention in helping farmers. It provides different incentives like credit and training. Credit plays crucial role in increasing maize production. Despite its importance, farmers face many challenges in utilization of credit formalize production. As the study was intended to find out factors affecting maize production and role of credit in maize production, in North shewa, Kuyu district, different factors foundsignificant. The study has used simple random sampling in identifying sample respondents. Linear multiple regression analysis was used in the study. Ten variables were included in to the regression analysis of the study; four variables become significant. Family size, Land size, fertilizer and Sex of house hold become significant. This indicates agriculture is becoming the main sector in absorbing large number of labor. Now days, no one can expand land size, but there is duty of all bodies to take care of land uses. As credit is playing great role in maize production, it has to be given attention in expanding credit services for the community. There are so many factors hindering farmers from credit utilization, government should create environment that enables farmers to utilize credit according to the intention. Therefore the government better to do expand the farmer training center and which provide know how to the farmers about the role of inputs and how to use them in a best way
LAND USE PATTERN, CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPILICATION ON FOOD SECURITY IN GURAGHE ZONE
(Wolkite University, 2019-01) SHAFI HUSSEN
It is widely recognized that climate variability and frequent droughts resulting from El-Nin phenomenon are among the major risk factors affecting agricultural production that might contribute to hunger and food insecurity in East Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular The objectives of the present study were to examine the implication of land use pattern climate change and its implication on food security in Guraghe Zone, SNNPRS, Ethiopia. This study is based on Zonale level data of the study area based on major seasonal crops Maize, Wheat, Barely, Sorghum, Teff and Potato which comprise of food crops for the timespan of 2000 to 2010 (CSA). Using secondary data both descriptive statistics (mean, standard devotion, and t-test) and liner regression model were used to analyze the data. Crop productivity in quintals per hactar is chosen to be the Dependent variable whereas cropping area, yield, average annual maximum and minimum temperatures, rural house holders, totalforest area, average annual rainfall are the Explanatory variables. Rainfall positively contributed to the production of maize crop and was significant. Maximum humidity contributed positively, it showed a significant influence on maize yield. The results of study also indicate a positive influence of rainfall on overall productivity. A 1% increase in therainfall leads to a 0.889% increase in the yield of crops. However, the adjusted R2 value showed 47% variability in the production of maize crop. According to this study, theobserved mean yield of the six crops in ascending order is as follows: sorghum, barley ,maize,teff, wheat, and potato. In the case of average production, maize ranked first, potato ranked second, barely ranked third and wheat, teff and sorghum fourth , fifth and six place, respectively. The linear regression that adoption of soil conservation, small-scale irrigation and employing different agronomic practices are important factors influencing household crop productivity. Moreover, land holding and forest are positively and significantly affected house hold‘ scropp productivity. The results further showed that population pressure was important factors affecting crop productivity in the inverse direction. This study further highlighted the significance of cropping area in attaining crop productivity under changing climate. The findings call for action based on growing improved crop seed to increase food crop productivity
Private Commercial Banks and Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Panel Data Analysis
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-01) Dereje Diriba
The purpose this study is to investigate the role of private commercial banks on economic growth in Ethiopia, and their direction of causality for a period of 10 years from 2008-2017. The data was sourced from the National Bank of Ethiopia, Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation-MoFEC, Central Statistics Agency (CSA). To undertake this study, eight private commercial banks were purposively selected out of sixteen which currently operating in Ethiopian banking industry. In analyzing the relationship between private commercial banks and economic growth the study applied Unit root tests, Kao Residual co-integration test, and Granger causality test. Moreover, the study used both descriptive statistics and econometric analyses. The Random effect model was used for econometrics analysis. The study found that a positive and significant relationship among profits, loan and advance and labor force with economic growth whereas there is negative and a significant relationship between branch network and economic growth. Furthermore, the study found unidirectional causal relationship moving from loan and advance, and profit to economic growth while there is no causality between asset, deposit and RGDP. There is a bidirectional between branch network and economic growth. Finally, the policy makers and stakeholders should make policies to enhance the banking sector in Ethiopia because profits, loan and advances are significantly contributing in the economic growth of Ethiopia.
THE ASSESSMENT OF CUSTOMER COMPLAIN HANDLING PRACTICE (IN CASE OF COMMERTIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA AT WOLKITE TOWN).
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-06) DAREGOT MELAKU
The study was conducted on commercial Bank of Ethiopia at Wolkite town. The main objective of this study is to assess customer’s complaints handling practice on Bank. Both primary and secondary data were used to accomplish this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from primary and secondary source of data. The primary data was collected directly from the employee of the bank and the secondary data was collected annual reports, books, records and website of the bank the research utilized stratified Sampling method. This method makes the population more homogenous population to researcher in order to collect accurate and reliable information. After that the data was presenting, interpreting and analyze by using statisticaltools such as tabulation percentage. Finally the researcher made finding, showed that most ofthe time customer complaints have made many times .The research conclude Handling complaintis an important factor to consider is dealing with customers and conducting business to satisfy customers. When organizations deploy customer complaint logbooks, the process of complaint resolution is further enhanced. The recommendation another way would be to factor complaint services into ATM services such that complaints can be made electrical by just pressing a button. This would relieve customers of some frustrations that go with poor service were forwarded and it raised a problems.
ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING LOAN REPAYMENT PERFORMANCE IN OMO MICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTION IN WOLKITE TOWN BRANCH
(Wolkite University, 2019-06) Bedru Misgano
Micro finance institutions have a significant role for the development of one’s country economic development by providing a credit and also a saving service for those productive clients. Though there are many factors that can affect the efficiency of the institution like, loan management and processing system, cash management, and loan repayment performance. This study was conduct with the aim of analyzing the factors that influence micro-finance loan repayment performance, specifically in OMO micro finance institution in wolkite branch using primary data which was collected through self-administered questionnaire. This study intends to assess the factors affecting loan repayment performance of the beneficiaries of OMO micro finance institution. In order to achieve this objective, the study adopted qualitative research approach. Primarily datawere collected from 15 employees in the institution’s holding different positions select through purposive sampling techniques using a self-administered questionnaire.. For the data analysis, descriptive research designs the phenomena or variables that influencing the repayment rate. The study found that collateral, credit term, credit monitoring, loan supervision affects the loan repayment performance OMFI
ASSESSMENT OF TAX AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS EVIDENCE (CASE STUDY IN WOLKITE TOWN)
(Wolkite University, 2019-06) TADESSE WORKINEH
The study is the assessment of tax audit effectiveness evidence was conducted on wolkite town. The main objectives of this study was to assess tax audit effectiveness. Primary data have been used to achieve the study objective with around three research question. Descriptive research design was designed to conduct the study. The primary sources of data for this study was collected from the public sector office manager, employee and customer. Close ended question used to collect data about the background of the respondents developing for the Assessment of tax audit effectiveness. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics then proper tools and techniques were applied for classification and analysis of data. To achieve the objective of the study the researcher Census method to select the Respondents. Because Census method was most reliable sampling techniques especially if the number of population is small. In tax payers office there were 5 tax auditors supervised and lead by 1 team leaders. The data summarized by using appropriate percentages, and tables and conclusions was made by considering the practical setting of the organization in terms of procedure and policies of the organization about tax audit activities
DETERMINANTS OF NON-FARM INCOME PARTICIPATION ANDITS IMPLICATION ON HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE IN RURAL AREAS OF MESKAN WOREDA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) JEMAL SURUR
Recently, there is a growing recognition that rural households receive their income from diverse portfolio of activities and one of the most important of these activities is connected with the rural non-farm sector. This study examines the determinants ofnon-farm income participation and its implication on household welfare in Meskanworeda SNNPR of Ethiopia.The study used a cross sectional survey type that was employed both qualitative and quantitative design. Amulti-stage sampling technique procedure was used to select 150 rural household used for this study. Logistic regression models and Heckman two-stage model were also used to determine factors that affect non-farm activities participation and ruralhousehold welfare respectively. Result of Logistic regression reveals that the major factors that determine participation in non-farm activities were the Age of the household heads, Education level, Cultivated land , Employment status, Access to credit, and Non-agricultural income . The result of Heckman two-stage model revealed that the important factors that determine household’s welfare in the study area the Age of household heads education status, access to electricity, access to credit and cultivated land. Therefor participating in non-farm activities apart from farm work was improved household welfare.
Tax and Government Revenue: in Ethiopia
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) Abdulbasit Yassin
This study investigated both theoretically and empirically economic impacts of tax and tax reform on government revenue growth in Ethiopia using time series data from the time of its inception 1974 to 2016. Both descriptive statistics and econometric tools of error correction model (ECM) to analyzing the long run and short run relationships on components of tax, tax reform and government revenue growth. The results show that tax revenue and tax reform variables of goods and service tax (GST), international trade tax (ITT) have positive and significant impacts on government revenue growth in the long run and short run analysis, whereas profit and income tax (IPT) and non-tax revenue (NTR) have positive impacts and insignificant on government revenue growth
VITAMIN A SUPPLIMENTATION COVERAGE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6-59 MONTHS IN WEST AZERNET BERBER WOREDA, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA.
(wolkite university, 2021-06) BIHON BERIHUN
Vitamin A deficiency is one of major public health significance; it is a risk factor for childhood mortality from diarrhea and measles in low and middle income countries and an important cause of preventable child hood blindness in low income countries. Vitamin A supplementation will be supplemented in many low and middle income countries and high coverage reduces the prevalence of blinding corneal diseases in children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess vitamin A supplementation coverage and its associated factors among children aged 6-59months in West Azernet Berber woreda, southern Ethiopia, 2021Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in April to May 2021.A total sample size of 471 study participants was involved in the study area. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study subject. A pretest structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors vitamin A supplementation. After adjustment of independent factors the model was fitted. Result: In this study a total of 471 respondents were successfully interviewed with response rateof 97.3%. The coverage of vitamin A supplementation was 58.0% [95% CI (53.7, 62.0)]. Family monthly income [AOR=2.44%,95% CI(1.44,4.135)], having PNC visit [AOR=2.052, 95%CI(1.227,3.430)] advice from peers or family [AOR=1.158,95%CI (0.288,3.646)], husbands disapproval about vitamin Supplementation [AOR=0.303, 95%CI(0.116,0.795)], information about vitamin A supplementation [AOR=2.060, 95 CI (1.075,3.947)and maternal knowledge[AOR=0.589,95% CI (0.376,0.923)] were factors significantly associated to vitamin Supplementation. Conclusion: The VAS coverage at the study area was lower than national excepted target 80%.However, VAS can be enhanced through awareness creation and improving socio-economic status of the community. Therefore intervention should be given at each factor to employ vitamin Supplementation.
THE EFFECTS OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY: THE CASE OF SELECTED WATER BOTTLING COMPANY IN GURAGE ZONE
(Wolkite University, 2021-06) KINDENEH BIRHANU H/GIORGIS
The study was aim to examine effects of relationship marketing on customer loyalty at Gurage zone selective water bottling company. The ultimate objectives of this study was identifying determinants of relationship marketing over customer loyalty in water bottling company and to forwarded necessary recommendation for water bottling company in Gurage zone. The target population of the study was customer of water bottling company in Gurage zone. Five constructs trust, empathy, commitment, conflict handling and customer loyalty are independent variable in the other hand relationship marketing was dependent variable. The study employed a survey (structured questionnaire) with a five liker scale, 329 customers were sampled from which 324 respondents returned fully completed questionnaires (98% response rate). A quantitative and qualitative study with descriptive research design, non-probability sampling specifically random sampling was used. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze descriptive statistics to show the demographic characteristics of the respondents and inferential statistics (regression and correlation) to show the effect of each variable on relationship marketing and to show their relationship as well. Data analysis indicated that all the specific objective findings have positive and statistical significant effects on the relationship marketing of customer in water bottling company. Based on the analyzed data mean value of trust, empathy, commitment, conflict handling and customer loyalty has low value. Therefore if the companies desires to ultimately provide a better service satisfaction for their customer, it is recommended that more attention should be directed toward enhancing trust, empathy, commitment, conflict handling and customer loyalty. Key words: Relationship Marketing, Customer Loyalty, Water Bottling
ASSESS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IFRS AND Financial Reporting Quality: A Case of Selected Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
(Wolkite University, 2021-06) DESALEGN SHIKUR
data have been used for the study from selected 12 banks. Primary data were collected through pre designed questioners whereas secondary data were collected from different banks annual reports, scientific papers and proceedings. The dependent variable for this stud was quality of financial reports commercial bank of Ethiopia while Timeliness factors, Comparability, faith representation, understandability factors, verifiability, Information Relevance
FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN SELECTED WEREDAS OF GURAGE ZONE
(Wolkite University, 2021-07) SAMSON BEKELE ARARSO,
Health professionals are the most valuable assets of an organization. Their significance to organizations calls for not only the need to attract the best talents but also the necessity to retain them for a long term. The aim of this study was to assess the level of health professionals’ retention and factors affecting health professionals' retention in public health institutions in selected weredas' of Gurage zone. Descriptive and Explanatory research design along with mixed approach – quantitative and qualitative was employed. Multi – stage sampling techniques were used to select administrative towns, weredas and 298 participants. Primary data was collected through self – administered questionnaire and key informant interview, whereas, secondary data was collected through document review. Independent variables such as work environment, reward and compensation, employee engagement, work – life balance, and training and development were used to assess their impact on employee retention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the quantitative data with the help of SPSS version 20. As to the qualitative data, it was collected and narrated systematically using content analysis approach. The findings of the study revealed that majority of respondents do not have an intention to stay with the institutions. This indicated that the sector employee retention problem will continue to increase, but, the sector do not prepared to mitigate this challenge. Out of the five independent variables, four variables affected the dependent variable positively, whereas, training and development had inverse relationship with employee retention. The result of the regression analysis revealed that 76.8% of the variation in the dependent variable was explained by the independent variables. Training and development was the most affecting factor which contributed 23.9% in affecting employee retention. The interview result also revealed that employee retention didn’t get the necessary attention. It is concluded that all factors significantly affected health professionals’ retention in public health institutions in selected weredas' of Gurage zone and if training and development is not supported by and integrated with other human resource management practices it will increase the intention of health professionals to leave by increasing their employability and their opportunities in other firms. Therefore; it is recommended that the sector have to work on the identified factors of employee retention and prepare a strategy to improve retention
THE RELATION SHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT AND STUNTING AMONG 6-59 MONTH OLD CHILDREN IN WOLKITE TOWN CENTERAL ETHIOIPIA (A COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY)
(wolkite university, 2021-07) MEKIYA AHMED
BACKGROUND: Stunting refers to chronic nutrition deficiency failure to receive adequate nutrition over a long period. It is continues to be a major public health problem. Due to the intergenerational impact of chronic malnutrition, childhood stunting is correlated with the future maternal under nutrition and higher risk of death. Nevertheless, there is paucity of evidence on comparative study about stunting and its associated factors among employed and unemployed mothers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal employment and stunting among 6-59 month children in Wolkite town, SNNPR, Ethiopia/2021METHODS: A community based comparative cross-sectional study design was applied. A total of 330 employed and 341 unemployed women (totally 671) were included in study. The data were collected by face to face interview by using pre-tested structured questionnaires. The data was coded edited, and entered into Epi data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI was used to note the association and to identify associated factors by using logistic regression model at 0.05 level of significant. RESULTS: In the study 330(94.6%) employed and 341(97.7%) unemployed women total response rate of 671(96%) having 6-59 month old children were participated. Prevalence of stunted among employed and unemployed mothers children were 21.2% (95% CI(17,25.5)and28.8%) (95% CI (23. 33.4 ) respectively The analysis of the study shown that, college and above[AOR=0.055, 95% CI: (0.013, 0.237), maternal age 35 years and above [AOR=0.076, 95% CI:(0.006, 0.904)], monthly family income >5000 birr [AOR=0.042, 95% CI:(0.014,0.129)] factorswere negatively associated to stunting among employed mothers, not having nutritional information 2.68 [95% CI (1.22, 5.9)], monthly family income less than 2,000 ETB was 2.64[95% CI (1.34, 5.19)] were positively and attended Primary school [AOR= 0.089, 95% CI:(0.02, 0.39)]were negatively associated to stunting among unemployed mothers. CONCLUSION: Maternal education, maternal age, family income and frequency of breastfeeding had a statistically significant association with stunting among children of employed mothers and frequency of breast feeding, nutritional information, maternal education and family income had a statistically significant association with stunting among children of unemployed mothers.
UNDERNUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS ENROLLED IN PRODUCTIVE SAFTY NET PROGRAM IN SILTI WOREDA IN RURAL COMMUNITY‟S SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA: COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(wolkite university, 2021-07) HUSSEN SHIFA OSMAN
Background: maternal under nutrition is an issue of prime importance for every country worldwide including Ethiopia. As a result, this study is proposed to generate required comparative information among enrolled and non-enrolled mothers in the program in Siltiworeda, Southern Ethiopia Objective: To determine under nutrition status and associated factors among mothers enrolledto productive safety net program in Silti woreda in rural community, southern Ethiopia 2021.Method: Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed fromApril 10, 2021 to June 10, 2021 among 642 mothers selected sample in Silti worked..Result: The overall prevalence of under nutrition among mothers was 25.8% (95%CI: 22.3-29.0) the prevalence was higher among mothers for those enrolled in PSNP (28.8% (95%CI:23.7-33.9) than for those non- enrolled in PSNP (22.9% (95%CI: 18.4-27.6). Mothers education (AOR =2.375, 95%CI: 1.267-4.451), nutrition information (AOR =1.896, 95%CI:1.040-3.457) ,dietary diversity(AOR =2.464 frequency of meal per day (AOR = 2.233, 95%CI: 1.204-4.140)and hand washing (AOR =1.999, 95%CI: 1.139-3.510) were found to be asignificant predictors of under nutrition among mothers non enrolled in PSNP while ,mothers education (AOR =1.973, 95%CI: 1.182-3.293), frequency of meal per day (AOR = 2.188, 95%CI: 1.239-3.863) , nutrition information (AOR =2.821, 95%CI: 1.469-5.419) and time take tofetch water(AOR =1.974, 95%CI: 1.091-3.573) were found to be a significant predictors of under nutrition among mothers enrolled in PSNPC inclusion and recommendations: Lack of formal education ,low exposure of nutritional information and lack adequate frequency of meal were found to be a significant predictors of undernutrition among mothers both enrolled and non-enrolled in PSNP. Therefore, need attention through creating awareness about nutritional information, and other sector collaboration with in the study area.
UNDERNUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS ENROLLED IN PRODUCTIVE SAFTY NET PROGRAM IN SILTI WOREDA IN RURAL COMMUNITY‟S SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA: COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
(wolkite university, 2021-07) HUSSEN SHIFA
Background: maternal under nutrition is an issue of prime importance for every countryworldwide including Ethiopia. As a result, this study is proposed to generate requiredcomparative information among enrolled and non-enrolled mothers in the program in Siltiworeda, Southern EthiopiaObjective: To determine under nutrition status and associated factors among mothers enrolledto productive safety net program in Silti woreda in rural community, southern Ethiopia 2021.Method: Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed fromApril 10, 2021 to June 10, 2021 among 642 mothers selected sample in Silti woreda..Result: The overall prevalence of under nutrition among mothers was 25.8% (95%CI: 22.3-29.0) the prevalence was higher among mothers for those enrolled in PSNP (28.8% (95%CI:23.7-33.9) than for those non- enrolled in PSNP (22.9% (95%CI: 18.4-27.6). Mothers education (AOR =2.375, 95%CI: 1.267-4.451), nutrition information (AOR =1.896, 95%CI:1.040-3.457) ,dietary diversity(AOR =2.464 frequency of meal per day (AOR = 2.233, 95%CI: 1.204-4.140)and hand washing (AOR =1.999, 95%CI: 1.139-3.510) were found to be significant predictors of under nutrition among mothers non enrolled in PSNP while ,mothers education (AOR =1.973, 95%CI: 1.182-3.293), frequency of meal per day (AOR = 2.188, 95%CI: 1.239-3.863) , nutrition information (AOR =2.821, 95%CI: 1.469-5.419) and time take tofetch water(AOR =1.974, 95%CI: 1.091-3.573) were found to be a significant predictors ofundernutrition among mothers enrolled in PSNP Conclusion and recommendations: Lack of formal education ,low exposure of nutritional information and lack adequate frequency of meal were found to be a significant predictors of undernutrition among mothers both enrolled and non-enrolled in PSNP. Therefore, need attention through creating awareness about nutritional information, and other sector collaboration with in the study area.
COLOSTRUM DISCARDING PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN AGED LESS THAN 1 YEAR IN WEST AZERNET BERBERE DISTRICT, SILTE ZONE, SNNP ETHIOPIA .
(wolkite university, 2021-07) ABDLFETA MOHAMMED.
Background: Globally Colostrum discarding practice had been reported across differentcountries, in varied places with trends. A wide range of harmful new born feedingpractices were documented in Ethiopia even after the implementation of infant and youngchild feeding guideline. Even though few studies conducted on Colostrum feeding inEthiopia; majority of previous research works used solely quantitative approach and there was no sufficient information in our study area. Therefore, the objective of this study wasto assess the prevalence of colostrum discarding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 1 year in West azernet berbere woreda.Methods: Community based cross- sectional study was conducted in west azernet berbere woredafrom March 26 up to April 30/2021. Total samples of 434 study subjects were involved inthe study. The quantitative data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected by using Focused Group Discussions.The quantitative data were coded and entered into epi-Data version 3.1 and exported toSPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive analysis like frequency and mean were performed. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify associated factors. Variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval identified statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of colostrum discarding practices in thisstudy was 64(14.75%). The mothers who didn‟t attend ANC services during pregnancy ofindex infant [AOR=19.024, 95% CI: (2.007-188.313)], home delivery[AOR= 5.599, 95%CI: (1.042-30.084)], breast feeding initiated after one day of birth[AOR= 58.187, 95%CI; (2.041-1658.987)] , poor knowledge [AOR= 15.016, 95% CI; (3.174-71.039)] and negative attitude toward colostrum feeding[AOR= 59.418, 95% CI; (8.571-411.894)]were positively associated factors with colostrum discarding practices. Conclusion; Colostrum discarding practice among mothers of children aged less than 12 months inwest azernet barbered woreda was found to be high when compared to WHO recommendation. Lack of ANC follow up, home delivery of index child, delayed initiation of breast feeding, poor knowledge on colostrum- feeding practices and negative attitude towards colostrum- feeding practices were significant factors associated with colostrum discarding practices of mothers.
MAGNITUDE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS SEEKING CARE AT KIBET PRIMARY HOSPITAL, SOUTH ETHIOPIA.
(wolkite university, 2021-07) AWOL JEMAL
Background: Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors secondary to an inflammatory and insulin resistance state that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. Cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms and type tow diabetic mellitus were the most common causes of mortality and disability. However, there is limited studies on it despite an increasing Metabolic syndrome related morbidity and mortality. This study used the definition ofMets was according to (NECP/APT) III criteria. Objective: to assess the magnitude and factors associated with Mets among adult seekingcare at Kibet primary hospital, Southern Ethiopia, April to May 2021.Method: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted on 351 participants using a systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using structured questionnaire and biochemistry indices. Biv ariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine an association between each independent and dependent variables. Odd ratio with their 95% confidence intervals was computed to ascertain the existence and strength of an association, and statistical significance was affirmed at a value of < 0.05.Results: In this study, a total of 351 respondents were completed the interview successfully making the response rate of 97.2%. The observed magnitude of Mets was observed to be 18.5% according to (NCEPATP III). Individual with BMI ≥25 kg/m2(AOR=4.1; 95% CI=3.13-11.51), having a sedentary behavior ≥8 hours per day(AOR=3.76; 95% CI =1.38-10.25), serving vegetables or fruit ≥ 3 times per day(AOR=0.52; 95% CI=0.27-1.12), involving physical activity (AOR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.20-0.80) and consuming alcohol 5–6 days per week (AOR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.11-7.55) weresignificantly associated with Mets. Conclusion: Generally, a higher proportion of an adult population had experienced Metsin the study area. Individual with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, having sedentary behavior ≥8 hours perday, consuming alcohol 5–6 days per week were associated factors of Mets. On the other hand, serving vegetables and fruit ≥ 3 times per day, and having physical activity were preventive factors of Mets. The stakeholders should give an emphasis for the prevention of the identified risk factors of Mets.
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN BANACH SPACES
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-08) Teka Gidreta
This project work is mainly concerned with the question of the existence and unique ness solution of the IVP in linear first order ODE’s in Banach space.That is dydx =f(x, y), y(x0) = y0,where f is Lipschitz continuous function. So that to show the exist tenceand uniqueness solution of IVP of ODE’s we will use Picard’s Theorem and iter ation method.Firstly, state and prove Banach- Cacciopoli theorem that has been appliedto prove the Picard’s Existence and Uniqueness Theorem.This theorem also provides aconstructive procedures(called iteration) by which to get a better approximation to thesolution of ODE.