Masters of Science
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Item DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY ON ETHIOPIAN INSURANCE COMPANIES(wolkite universty, 2021-11) MULUKEN WELIKA NEGERIThis study intends to assess the determinants of financial reporting quality of Ethiopian insurances companies over a period of 2014-2019. Consequently, the study used document review of insurances’ audited financial statements. The explanatory variables used in this study were Board Size (BS), Leverage (LE), Profitability (ROA), Liquidity (LQ), Auditor Change(AC), Firm Age (FA) and Firm Size(FS). In this study sixteen Insurance companies were selected from a total population of insurances companies to accomplish a study for the period of six years (2014-2019) with the total of 96 observations. Moreover, for the dependent variable data were collected for seven years period, from (2013-2020). To test the hypotheses, the study adopted the quantitative research approach. The secondary data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and linear regression analysis and data from document reviews were interpreted qualitatively. The study used panel data and random regression model to analyze the Determinants of Financial Reporting quality of Ethiopian insurance companies. The study found that profitability ratio has positive and significant effect on financial reporting quality. While, auditor changes, board size, leverage and liquidity were found to be insignificant effect on financial reporting quality of Ethiopian insurance companies. It is recommended that insurance companies should do to improve their liquidity management systems through broadening and diversifying of funding sources and shortening asset maturities that leads to a better quality of financial report.Item PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION AND ITS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AMONG STUDENTS AT SEDIE TOWN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN EAST GOJJAM ZONE AMARA, ETHIOPIA.(wolkite universty, 2025-05) GEDEFAW ASHAGRIE ABEJEThis thesis presented "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Associated Risk Factors among School children in Primary Schools at Sedie woreda, Amara Regional State of Ethiopia" examines the intervention measures and intestinal parasite infections (IPIs) in elementary school students in Sedie woreda. The research was conducted from March to November 2024 and involved a sample size of 321 children. The data collected provides insights into the frequency of de worming supplementation awareness regarding intestinal parasites, as well as the frequency of protozoa and helminthiasis infections. The findings reveal that during the specified time frame, no de worming supplementation was provided to the children. While some children reported being aware of intestinal parasites, themajority did not receive regular de worming supplementation. The study identified a not able percentage of children with protozoa infections, particularly Giardia and Entamoeba histolytic. Additionally, a small proportion of children tested positive for helminthiasis infections, including Ascaris lumbricoides and tapeworms. These results emphasize the urgent need for implementing de worming programs and interventions to address and control the intestinal parasite infection incidence in elementary school students in the Sedie woreda. Such interventions are vital to enhance the health and welfare of school children by reducing the burden of these infections and their associated adverse effects, including growth stunting, malnutrition, anemia, fatigue, and impaired school attendance and cognitive performance.Item THE ASSESSMENT OF HOME GARDENS PLANT SPECIES DIVERSITY, COMPOSITION AND THEIR USE TYPES IN FOFA WOREDA,YEM ZONE, CENTRA ETHIOPIA REGION, ETHIOPIA(wolkite universty, 2024-04) GASHIE AGEGN ENGIDAThe study was conducted in fofa warada of yem Zone in central Ethiopia region. It was located at north wast of the Zone and 189km far from Addis Ababa. Study was carried out from February 2015-december 2016. For sit selection purposive sampling technique was used. Home garden is defined as a serious land use system involving the purposeful management of multipurpose trees and shrubs and herbs grown in close association of house. Herbaceous species were diverse and greater in number. Data was gathered by using botanical survey methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of homgarden plant species and their use values. Frome 15 kebele two kebeles with different altitude were selected purposively, but there was not practice of home garden at low land agro ecology. 304 informants were selected for data collection from both kebele. Home garden plant were identified by online plant scientific checking system, previously done research works and by using taxonomic keys of ‘Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. In both kebele of study area (Gessi (midland and top Kesheli (high land) 67 plant species were distributed in to 59 genera and 34 families. Microsoft excell was used to manage data. Data was summarized by descriptive statistics. Preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, Sorenson’s diversity index were ethno botanical data analysis methods. Poaceae family were predominant in number of species (6 species). Other17 families of eachcontaines only one species. Enset ventricosum was the dominant plant species in study area while Rosa hybrid and Ricinus communist were the least plant species in tope kesheli and Gessi kebele respectively. The diversity index values (H’) for Gessi was 3.55 and 3.348 for Top keshele respectively. The Simpson’s diversity index of Gessi was 0.96112 and for kesheli was 0.9540. The evenness index of the species in the two study area were nearly similar (E = 0.8603 for Gessi and E=0.8746 for Top keshele) .Sorenson`s Index of similarity (Ss) in both kebele was 0.74(74%), implies that the overall similarity of species in both kebele. 62 species were found at Gessi and 46 species were found at Top keshele. Interms of habit largest in number were herbs and the least in number were climbers. To identify bioactive chemicals it would be more useful if quantitative phytochemical screening tests carried out.Item GROWTH AND BULB YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa Var. cepa) VARIETIES IN RESPONSE TO NPSB FERTILIZER AT CHEHA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE(wolkite universty, 2023-05) TESHOME DENBU BIZUNEHOnion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops commercially grown in the world. It is a high value and income generating vegetable crops for most small scale farmers and commercial growers in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of onion is low at national as well as regional levels; due to various limiting factors such as lack of improved varieties and low soil fertility. Accordingly, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate growth and yield response of onion varieties to NPSB fertilizer rates at Cheha district, Guraghe zone during 2022 cropping season. The experiment was consisted of four onion varieties (Bombay Red, Nafid, Nafis and Nasik Red) and four levels of NPSB fertilizer (0, 195, 244 and 293 kg ha-1) combined factoriallly and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Yield and yield related parameters were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance. The analysis of variance for agronomic parameters showed that the main effects; variety and application of NPSB blended fertilizer rate were significant for almost all traits. Similarly all yield and yield related traits were significantly influenced by the interaction of varieties and NPSB fertilizer rate except plant height. The highest values for most of the response variables were recorded from variety Nafis combined with NPSB at rate of 293 kg ha-1.The partial budget analysis revealed that the highest net benefit 414255(ETB ha-1) with acceptable MRR was obtained from the variety Nafis combined with application of 244 kg ha-1 of NPSB fertilizer. Hence, the use of Nafis onion variety and application of 244 kgha-1 NPSB fertilizer rate was economically feasible and can be recommended for optimum production of onion in the study area and other areas having similar agro-ecology. However, as the experiment was done for only one season and single location, it has to be repeated over seasons and locations to have conclusive recommendation.Item RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) TO VARIETIES, INOCULATION WITH MESORHIZOBIUM STRAINS, AND APPLICATION OF BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZER AT CHEHA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(wolkite universty, 2023-06) GASHAW NAHUSENAY GEBRE-EGZIABHERChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major legume crop in Ethiopia and provide multiple benefits, dueto high nutritive value as well as the ability of the crop to enrich nitrogen poor soils due to biological nitrogen fixation with different strains of end symbiotic Mesorhizobium spp. However, the effectiveness of the strains varies due to inherent physiological characteristics of the endo-symbionts, the host varieties, and nutrient availability in the soil. Its’ cultivation in the study area is constrained mainly by low soil fertility (low N, low soil OM, low available P, S and B) causing ineffective nodulation, and lack of improved agronomic practices. Therefore, the field experiment was conducted during the main cropping season of 2021/22 at Cheha district in Buchach Kebele with the objective of evaluating the effect of inoculation with Mesorhizobium strains and NPSB fertilizer application on nodulation, growth, and yield performance of different chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties.Factorial combinations of three Mesorhizobium strains CP-M41, CP-EAL 029, CP-M20b, and un-inoculated control, two NPSB levels (0 and 121 kg NPSB ha-1) and two chickpea varieties (Local and Arerti) were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that crop phenology, nodulation parameters, growth parameters, yield and yield components were significantly affected by the main effects. The effect was more pronounced in the interaction effect of different Mesorhizobium strains with NPSB application and varieties. The maximum values of most studied parameters were found from Arerti variety at the combined application of CP-M41 Mesorhizobium strain with NPSB fertilizer (121kgha-1) as compared with the single application and the control. The highest grain yield (3177.16 kg ha1) was recorded from the use of Arerti variety at the combined application of NPSB fertilizer with CP-M41 Mesorhizobium strain, which resulted in 15.96%, 24.06% and 37.93% increment over the use of Arerti x CP-M41 strain, Arerti x NPSB, and the control, respectively. From the economic point of view, the partial budget analysis of the study treatments revealed that the highest net return (102,092.6 ETB ha-1) with an acceptable marginal rate of return (618%) was gained from Arerti variety with the combined application of 121 kg NPSB ha-1 and Mesorhizobium strain CP-M41 inoculation. Hence, it can be concluded that the use of Arerti variety with combined application of 121 kg NPSB ha-1 with CP-M41 strain is found to be an appropriate combination to get higher yield and profit of chickpea crop at the study area. However, verification of the result on farmers’ fields across season and areas could be required before wide use of this study to put the recommendation in firm ground.Item BEST PROXIMITY POINT RESULTS FOR SUZUKI TYPE GENERALIZED( )-WEAK PROXIMAL CONTRACTION MAPPINGS IN METRIC SPACE(wolkite universty, 2021-12) AWOL MOHAMMEDIn this project, I introduce a new Suzuki type generalized ( )-weak proximal contraction mappings in metric space and prove the existence of the best proximity point for such mappings in a complete metric space. I provide examples to illustrate the result .My result extends some of the results in the literatureItem EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES AT EZHA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) DINO NASIR MOHAMEDPlanting dates is a critical factor in maize production decision-making, with implications for crop management, variety selection, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Afield experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting date on growth and yield of maize varieties. The experiment was conducted in Ezha district during the 2023 main cropping season. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four maize varieties (BH540, BH661, Shone, and Limu) and four planting dates (9-April, 19-April, 29-April, and 9-May) laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)with three replications. The experiment's findings demonstrated that planting dates and varieties had a significant impact on most parameters examined. However, varieties had no effect on the number of days to anthesis and silking. The statistical analysis result revealed that, Limu variety interacted with the planting date of 9-April, resulted, the longest days to anthesis silking interval (11.67), the largest number of ears per plant (1.40), the highest thousand kernel weight (410), the highest above-ground dry biomass (13.93 kg ha-1), and the highest grain yield (6.71 t ha-1) of maize. Similarly, the planting date 9-May interacted with the same variety, resulted the longest days to anthesis silking interval (11.67). The variety Limu resulted in the highest days to maturity (170), ear length (16.63 cm), ear diameter (16.08 cm), and harvest index (43.92). Similarly, Variety BH661 resulted in the highest ear height (101.45), longest days to emergence (9.08 days), longest days to anthesis (95.58 days), and longest days to silking (103.17); beside, the highest plant height (238.97cm), and the highest number of rows per ear (16.40) recorded from variety shone. Conversely, the planting date of 9-April yielded the longest days to maturity (161.75), the highest number of kernels per row (35.56 cm), the highest ear height (84.93 cm), the longest ear length (17.61 cm), the longest ear diameter (17.74 cm), and the highest harvest index (42.05%). Likewise, the planting date of 9-May recorded the longest day to emergence (9.5), the longest day to anthesis (98.67), and the longest days to silking (107.83). Thus, based on the result, early planting on April 9 resulted in the highest grain yield (6.7 t ha-1) from the Limu variety, whereas the lowest grain yield (1.65 t ha-1) was recorded from the BH540 late planted on May 9. Therefore, variety Limu with early planting date (April 9) was recommended for maize production in the study area. However, the experiment was done only at one location and one season; therefore, it would have to be replicated across locations and seasons to get the best conclusive result and a sound full recommendation for a specific area in order to assure the findings of the current study.Item EFFECT OF SPRAY-DRYING CONDITIONS ON EGG POWDERS QUALITY TO ENHANCE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF PLANT BASED COMPLEMENTARY FOODS (MITIN-AJA AND BULLA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) KEYRE AMDALAThe general purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of land use types; slope gradient and their interaction on soil acidity and selected physico-chemical properties in West Azernet Berber Woreda. The experiment was taken as the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and total of 27 composite samples were taken. For data analysis, general linear model procedure of SAS version 9.4 was used.Three land uses (natural forest, grazing and cultivated land), and three slope gradients (10-15%, 5-10% and 2-5%) in three replications were considered for this study. Totally 27 composite soil samples were collected from cultivated, forest and grazing lands and slope gradients with three replications for laboratory analysis. Results indicated that the highest mean value of sand was recorded in grazing land and highest mean value of silt and clay were recorded under forest land, cultivated lands and upper slope classes respectively. Soils were strongly acidic (pH =5.2-5.4), whereas natural forest land uses and lower slope classes were moderately acidic2 (pH =5.9-6.0). The total porosity, bulk density and PH, Av.P, OM, CEC,Ca+2, Mg+2 K+, Na+, were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) affected by land use types and slope gradients .Percent base saturation Total nitrogen and except silt, particle size distribution were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by land use typesand slope classes . The mean values of sand ,total porosity, pH, OM, TN, CEC, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Na+ and PBS were higher in forest and lower slope classes as compared with grazing , cultivated lands and in 10-15% and 5-10% slope classes respectively. The exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by under cultivated land and grazing lands and upper slope classes. Generally, land use types and slope gradient have significant effect on their interaction soil acidity and selected physic-chemical properties of soil. Therefore, in order to reduce soil acidity problem, minimize intensive cultivation, over grazing, liming and integrated soil acidity management practice is recommended for study area and further study should be investigated on the rest soil nutrients.Item THE EFFECTS OF E-BANKING ON BANK PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF SOME SELECTED ETHIOPIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) MIHRET DEJUThe main objective of this study is to examine the effect of e-banking on the performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. The study adopted a quantitative research approach with an explanatory design. ROA was used to measure and explain the performance of selected commercial banks. The explanatory variables were TP, NDCU, and NMBU. Secondary data was collected in panel form for 15purposively selected commercial banks from NBE and audited financial statements of commercial banks for 5 years (2017-2021). penal regression models were adopted to examine the relationship between the study variables. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS software. The finding of the study confirmed that from bank-specific variables value of TP had significant and positive effects on the financial performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia measured by return on asset. On the contrary NMB and NDC had a significant negative impact on financial performance measured by return on asset.The finding generally concludes that the Number of TP was the main contributor of bank profitability in Ethiopia measured by ROA. The study recommends that Banks should invest more on new e-banking channel for automating their banking system and it is imperative to devise strategies that involve alliances and collaborations between commercial banks, since e-banking requires promising activity to increase the profitability of Ethiopian commercial Banks fascinatingly.Item DETERMINANTS OF BUDGET EFFECTIVINESS IN GURAGUE ZONE OFFICE OF FINANCEAND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) TIBEBU FREWMung bean (Vigna radiata L.), is a recently introduced grain legume crop with high potential uses and export demand. However poor crop management practices, including improper NPSB fertilization rate and absence of improved varieties contributed to low productivity in the study area. Hence a field experiment was conducted in Cheha district, Gurage Zone to evaluate the effect of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on the yield and yield components of mung bean varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were 16 treatment combinations, comprising two mung bean varieties (NVL-1 and Rasa) and eight blended NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 25, 50, 75,100, 125, 150 and 175 kg ha-1). The results showed that the highest values for most growth parameters and yield components were obtained with the application of 175 kg ha-1 NPSB. Results from the main effect of NPSB fertilizer rates indicated that the highest values for plant height (75.83), total number of branches (8.43), total number of nodules (22.91 and 22.6), number of effective nodules (13.41and 13.01) hundred seed weight (35.5g) and above ground dry biomass (5606.3 kg ha-1) were obtained. The interaction between variety and NPSB rate significantly influenced several growth and yield traits. The combination of Rasa variety with 175 kg ha-1 NPSB resulted in the highest days to 50% flowering (55.66 days),days to 90%physiological maturity (88.33 days), number of pod per plant (31), number of seed per pod(13.91), grain yield (1403.33 kg ha-1) and harvest index (24.97%).The partial budget analysis indicated that the combination of rasa variety with 175 kg ha1 NPSB gave the highest net benefit (48,928 Birr ha-1) with 1113.2% marginal rate of return. Therefore, the use of 175 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer with Rasa variety are recommended for optimal mung bean yield and economic benefit in the study area and similar agro ecology. These findings provide valuable insights for farmers and researchers to enhance mung bean production and address yield limitations in Ethiopia. However, since the result is only on one season and one location, further research is recommended to be carried out across more seasons and locations.