Masters of Science

URI for this collectionhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/987654321/9

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Start date: 2018End date: 2019

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    DETERMINANTS OF MAIZE AND RED PEPPER PRODUCTIVITY AND ASSESSMENT OF PROFITABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ IN ABESHGE DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) WONDU TESSEMA KASSAYE
    Low level of productivity of many agricultural food crops, of which maize and red pepper are remaining to contribute for the food inadequacy in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to analyze the profitability and productivity determinants of maize and red Pepper crops in Abeshige district of southern Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 150 farm households selected through three-stage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and econometric models particularly multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the data. The profit and profitability analysis result of the study revealed that both maize and red pepper producers were operated at profitable level. However, the profitability of red pepper production which is estimated to be around 64.79% was relatively higher than that of profitbailtiy of maize production (22.12%). Hence, red pepper is relatively profitable than maize. Based on the results from Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the quantity of fertilizer used for maize, farming experience, non/off farm income, size of land allocated for maize, accesses to market for maize and education level of a household ware significantly affecting the productivity of maize positively as expected except income from non/off farm income. Likewise, sex of the household head, educational level of a household head, non/off farm income, access to credit, extension service and market accesses for red pepper were found to significantly influence the productivity of red pepper positively. Encouraging producers to focus cash crops and aware on cost benefit advantage of various crops, empowering women and strengthen their enrollment in every aspect of societal role, promoting farmers to attend conference, training and arrange experience sharing programs among farmers themselves, strengthen extension service provision through different mechanisms, support farmers engagement in non/off farm activities, and strengthen the input dissemination mechanisms are recommended to strengthen to enhance maize and red pepper productivity in the study area.
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    TOMATO VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS: THE CASE OFMESQAN DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERNNATIONS NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLE’S OF ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite universty, 2019-06) ABAYNEH SIJA
    The study was conducted in mesqan district of Gurage Zone of Sothern Regional State where tomato production was common. This study was aimed at identifying value chain of tomato with specific objectives of identifying tomato value chain actor, their respective roles and to draw up value chain map, describing constraints and opportunity of production and marketing of tomato and analyzing the determinants of tomato quantity supplied in the study area. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data for this study were collected from 216 farmers, 25 traders and 15consumers through application of appropriate statistical procedures. The value chain analysis revealed that the major actors in the District are input suppliers, tomato producers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. The chain was governed by wholesalers who have capital advantage over the other chain actors. The multiple regression estimated results determined that out of 12 explanatory variables, that influence significantly on tomato marketed surplus, Accordingly, cultivated land, experience, family size, productivity, and sell price and extension service with a coefficient of 65.286, 3.486, 1.305, 1.235, 0.718 and 18.7386 respectively. Therefore, policies aiming at increasing farmers’ modern skill based on agriculture practice, developing and creating strong linkage among stakeholders both vertically and horizontally, developing short term training and regular education system are recommended to accelerate the chain’s development.
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    FACTORS INFLUENCING URBAN HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN URBAN AGRICULTURE AND ITS EFFECT ON THEIR INCOME IN ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF BATU TOWN)
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-06) TESFAYE LEMESSA EJETA
    Although urban agriculture has a potential in fulfilling the basic demand of low-income households, it still lacks proper consideration. This study tried to identify factors affect household participation in urban agriculture and its effect on their income in Batu town using primary data collected from sample respondents with structured interview. Cross-sectional data obtained from 187 urban households selected from three kebeles. First, stratifying sampling (i.e. categorizing households into their living kebeles) then, simple random sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of sample respondents. Heckman two stages procedure model was used. Factors affecting urban households’ participation in urban agriculture were identified by heckman first stage procedure while heckman second stage procedure was used to evaluate the effects on household income. Furthermore, this study also examined the extent of participation of urban households in urban agriculture and the result showed that the extent of households participation in urban agriculture in the study area was about 41.71% whereas dairy production is relatively wide participate. The study found that age of household head, access to credit, access to water (irrigation service), access to agriculture extension service, access to improved input and education level attained by household head significantly and positively affected urban household participation decision while household income from other sources significantly and negatively affected household participation in urban agriculture. The estimates of Heckman second stage showed income of respondents were a robust and the result of the study showed education, land size and extension service significantly increased urban household agriculture income. Therefore, urban agriculture practice should be encouraged by Government and Non government organizations through provision of credit, water (irrigation service, and extension services in order to increase urban household production thereby improving their income level so that it can be taken as an alternative development strategy.
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    Multidimensional Measure of Poverty in Urban Ethiopia
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) Awoke Ambachew
    This study analyzed multidimensional poverty in urban (small, medium and large towns) Ethiopia. As social well-being or poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon, using a multidimensional measure of poverty helps avoid problems surrounding the conventional measures of poverty and helps show clearly the realities of households. In this line, this study analysis used three dimensions with ten indicators to construct a multidimensional index of poverty using third rounds of Ethiopian Rural Households’ Socioeconomic Survey data set. The study also employed a logit analysis for examining determinants of poverty. The results reveal that intensity, severity, and depth of urban Ethiopia multidimensional poverty are 71.4%, 46.1% and 32.9% respectively. The poorest of the poor are those residing in small town areas compared to medium and large towns even if the difference is low. Female household heads experience a greater breadth and severity of multiple deprivations relatively than male household heads. Moreover, demographic and household heads’ characteristics are major factors in determining poverty. Targeting programs in living standard, health and education dimension will reduce poverty substantially. It can be achieved by enforcing policies and collaborate with foreign concerned organs.
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    Factors Affecting The Implementation Of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) And Its Benefits In The Case Of Insurance Companies In Ethiopia.
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) Tewodros Kass
    The goals of IFRS is to develop in the public interest a single set of high quality understandable, enforceable and globally accepted financial reporting standards based upon clearly articulated principles. However, its implementation brings opportunities and creates challenges to the insurance companies. The main objective of this study is to assess the benefits and factors which a affect the implementation of IFRS in insurance companies of Ethiopia. The study used both primary and secondary source of data. The primary data was collected through predesigned questioners and the secondary data was collected from the insurance companies profiles , journals and other related material to the study, annual financial reports, proclamation and regulation that deal with financial reporting issues by the insurance companies that deal with financial reporting issues in Ethiopia. To answer the research questions and test the hypotheses the study adopted the quantitative research approach with descriptive and explanatory research design. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and multiple linear regressions analysis. The population of the study consisted of all insurance companies of Ethiopia. In this research select a sample of 10 insurance companies were selected using purposive sampling to investigate benefits and factors that affect the implementation, and processed using both descriptive and inferential statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and regression analysis. The result show that IFRS implementation in insurance companies of Ethiopia result in a number of important benefits to a wide range of user of financial statements. The study also found that with the exception of IFRS knowledge gap the other four variables which are shortage of qualified professionals, resistance to change, management gap, and cost significantly influence the implementation of IFRS in insurance companies of Ethiopia. Based on the finding the research attempted to recommend the following: The government and other concerned body should work on resolving knowledge gap as the factors affecting the implementation of IFRS through training and development; work on resolving management gap to implementation of IFRS in Ethiopian insurance company. Through capacity building, training and development; work on to manage or handle change resistance to implementation IFRS in insurance company of Ethiopia through awareness creation and development; work .on the establishment of institute which supports the implementation of IFRS in insurance Ethiopia.
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    FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION: THE CASE OF SELECTED ETHIOPIAN BUDGETARY PUBLIC SECTORS
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2018-06) SOLOMON OLUMA
    This study explores the factors affecting effectiveness of internal audit function in selected Ethiopian budgetary public sectors. The thesis has identified and analyzed the important variables and addressed major research questions raised under each specific objective, andtested hypotheses regarding effectiveness of the internal audit function in those selected public-sector offices. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 18 Ethiopian budget arypublic sectors (ten Federal ministries and eight public universities) out of total 55. A total of 72 respondents were selected through purposive sampling for finance, audit director, auditors and accountants to fill the self-administered questionnaire. Four respondents per office were picked from 18 offices. Using Likeret-Scale type that shows respondents’ agreement or disagreement by constructing into five point scale, 69 respondents that correctly completed and returned thequestionnaire formed the actual sample size for the study. Multi regression model was used indata analysis and test of hypothesis. The study found out that competence of IA, and independence of IA were statistically positive and significant at (p<0.01) whereas, quality ofIA wa statistically positive and significant at (p<0.05) among the explained variablesindicating strong association between these independent variables and the dependent variable i.eIA effectiveness. Based on the key findings, the study recommends that the internal auditorshould have maximum independence from the organization they work for, need to collectively possess or develop their knowledge or skills through appropriate professional training. Also, a similar study with a wider scope should be carried along with a study to identify the drivers of effectiveness of internal audit in public sector institutions in the future.
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    Private Commercial Banks and Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Panel Data Analysis
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-01) Dereje Diriba
    The purpose this study is to investigate the role of private commercial banks on economic growth in Ethiopia, and their direction of causality for a period of 10 years from 2008-2017. The data was sourced from the National Bank of Ethiopia, Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation-MoFEC, Central Statistics Agency (CSA). To undertake this study, eight private commercial banks were purposively selected out of sixteen which currently operating in Ethiopian banking industry. In analyzing the relationship between private commercial banks and economic growth the study applied Unit root tests, Kao Residual co-integration test, and Granger causality test. Moreover, the study used both descriptive statistics and econometric analyses. The Random effect model was used for econometrics analysis. The study found that a positive and significant relationship among profits, loan and advance and labor force with economic growth whereas there is negative and a significant relationship between branch network and economic growth. Furthermore, the study found unidirectional causal relationship moving from loan and advance, and profit to economic growth while there is no causality between asset, deposit and RGDP. There is a bidirectional between branch network and economic growth. Finally, the policy makers and stakeholders should make policies to enhance the banking sector in Ethiopia because profits, loan and advances are significantly contributing in the economic growth of Ethiopia.
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    DETERMINANTS OF NON-FARM INCOME PARTICIPATION ANDITS IMPLICATION ON HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE IN RURAL AREAS OF MESKAN WOREDA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) JEMAL SURUR
    Recently, there is a growing recognition that rural households receive their income from diverse portfolio of activities and one of the most important of these activities is connected with the rural non-farm sector. This study examines the determinants ofnon-farm income participation and its implication on household welfare in Meskanworeda SNNPR of Ethiopia.The study used a cross sectional survey type that was employed both qualitative and quantitative design. Amulti-stage sampling technique procedure was used to select 150 rural household used for this study. Logistic regression models and Heckman two-stage model were also used to determine factors that affect non-farm activities participation and ruralhousehold welfare respectively. Result of Logistic regression reveals that the major factors that determine participation in non-farm activities were the Age of the household heads, Education level, Cultivated land , Employment status, Access to credit, and Non-agricultural income . The result of Heckman two-stage model revealed that the important factors that determine household’s welfare in the study area the Age of household heads education status, access to electricity, access to credit and cultivated land. Therefor participating in non-farm activities apart from farm work was improved household welfare.
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    Tax and Government Revenue: in Ethiopia
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) Abdulbasit Yassin
    This study investigated both theoretically and empirically economic impacts of tax and tax reform on government revenue growth in Ethiopia using time series data from the time of its inception 1974 to 2016. Both descriptive statistics and econometric tools of error correction model (ECM) to analyzing the long run and short run relationships on components of tax, tax reform and government revenue growth. The results show that tax revenue and tax reform variables of goods and service tax (GST), international trade tax (ITT) have positive and significant impacts on government revenue growth in the long run and short run analysis, whereas profit and income tax (IPT) and non-tax revenue (NTR) have positive impacts and insignificant on government revenue growth