Masters of Art
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Item THE AFRICAN UNION APPROACH FOR PEACE SETTLEMENT: THE CASE OF CONFLICT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA AND THE TIGRAY PEOPLE’S LIBERATION FRONT(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) TADEWOS KOCHITO MAREKOThis study is intended to investigate the African Union's approach to peace settlement in the case of conflict between the government of the federal democratic republic of Ethiopia and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front. To achieve this, the study examined the African Union's efforts, achievements, and challenges in implementing the peace process using a qualitative research approach and descriptive research design. In doing so, the researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data were collected from key informants who were selected through the purposive sampling technique, and the secondary data were collected from documentary sources. A descriptive method was employed to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study make it clear that the African Union approach to peace settlement was successful, that a peace process was effective, and that it has proven that the notion of African solutions to African problems is actually implemented on the ground. As well, from the AU’s diplomatic effort in Ethio Tigray’s peace process, various lessons were learned. Besides, the AU continues to make progress in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, the end of hostilities, and the essential services that have also been maintained and restored to those in conflict-affected areas. On the other hand, the African Union has faced certain challenges in implementing the peace process; this includes a lack of funds, unwillingness aspirations from parties, and a weak institutional system. Thus, it is recommended that the Horn of Africa regional bodies, the African governments, and other external actors like the US, UN, and EU voluntarily provide the relevant skills and resources to perform the mandated tasks of the African Union.Item ANEVALUATIONOFTHEGRADENINEENGLISHTEXTBOOK'S COMMUNICATIVEGRAMMARTEACHINGTASKSANDEFLTEACHERS' IMPLEMENTATIONATSODOBUEEADMINISTRATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLINFOCUS(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) WENDMU MEKONENItem ANINVESTIGATIONINTOEFLTEACHERS'PRACTICEINTEACHING GRAMMARTASKS:THECASEOFTWOSELECTEDPUBLIC SECONDARYSCHOOLSATMEDAWEREMOWOREDAINFOCUS(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) GIRUM DEMISSIEItem ASSESSIMENT OF INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM IN PEACE BUILDING PROCESS; THE CASE OF GEDEBANO GUTAZER WOLENE WOREDA IN GURAGE ZONE(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-01) FISEHA KIFLEThe main objective of this study is to find out the effectiveness of yegorden sera indigenous conflict resolution institution among Gedebano Gutazer Wolene woreda Gurage zone Central Ethiopia. To attain this objective, the study employed both secondary and primary data sources. The primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. Secondary data were obtained from local government office through, published and unpublished material .Both primary and secondary data were organized thematically and analyzed through systematic interpretation and triangulation of various sources. The study found that conflict related with land grazing, water, inheritance issues and border conflicts are main causes of conflict among the Gedebano Gutazer Wolene Woreda. Conflicts are manifested at family, neighborhood and clan level with varying magnitude. Finally, the study concluded the local elders forced the conflicting parties to come and discuss their problem; this considered as the domination of decision-making process on the eyes of residents. During decision-making process, youths actively participate in the process-disregarding women in the study area. In addition the researcher recommended that Serious measure should be taken by the concerned body in supporting elders and religious leaders financial, and material in order to compensate their time and agricultural work and Due attention should be given by the woreda officials for the procedures and rules to settle the conflicts in a written form as they differ according to culture and custom of the society.Item ASSESSING STRATEGIC PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN KEBENA WOREDA, GURAGE ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA.(2023-07) MIFTA JEMALThe purpose of this study was to assessing the strategic planning, implementation practices and challenges in government offices in kebena woreda, gurage zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia. The study employed mixed research design. The researcher used systematic random sampling to determine the study participants. To get the required information from the key informant especially from the planning experts and offices leaders purposive sampling technique was employed. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by frequencies, tables, percent, graph, mean & standard deviation. The qualitative data were thematically analyzed. The result of analysis revealed that the existing strategic plan and implementation practices in most of the selected offices didn’t involve important activities such as adequate resources are not allocated to implement the strategic plan, the offices did not consider empowerment, reward and motivate employees as the main strategy in the implementation of strategic plan, offices did not inform their employees to carry out their responsibilities properly, the monitoring mechanisms have not been developed sufficiently to implement the strategic plan and there is problem in offices in terms of properly identifying challenges during the implementation of strategic plan. Therefore, the woreda selected government offices practices strategic planning and implementation poorly. Finally the researcher was recommends that offices should have to work towards improving their strategic planning and implementation practices. At the end in order to achieve the desired goal of the implementation of strategic plan, it is important to correct the main challenges identified during the study in terms of taking timely measures/solutions.Item ASSESSING STUDENTS’ READING SKILLS FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSE IN GURAGE ZONE IN THE CASE OF TIYA SECONDARY SCHOOL GRADE 10TH STUDENTS IN FOCUS.(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) ALEMU ADIMASThe main objective of this study is assessing students‟ reading skills for academic purpose in Gurage Zone in the case of Tiya secondary school grade 10th students. The researcher used descriptive research design. This was because as the researcher tried to describe the observed data which were collected through the three data collection tools (questionnaire, interview and observation). There were 200 students who have been attending their grade 10th education with four separate sections and there were four home room teachers and one English teacher who have been teaching them at Tiya secondary school. Of these, 30% (60) students were selected for this study. To achieve the intended objective of the study, four home room teachers and one English teacher were selected for interview purposefully and twelve(12) students also were selected for it in lottery method (simple random sampling technique).The researcher mainly used forty eight(48) students for questionnaire from the whole sections( 12 students were selected randomly in each section). In addition to this, the researcher employed class room observation on English teacher at this school. The researcher mainly used questionnaire and interview as main tools for data collection and observation also used for cross-checking the data which were given in the questionnaire and interview. The result of the study obtained in thequestionnaire showed that English teacher mainly used teacher-centered teaching methodology in teaching reading skill. English teacher highly provided the post reading tasks to the learners and the learners were less motivated to do the pre and while- reading tasks as well. Since English teacher's teaching reading was so poor, the learners were supposed to do only the given or the post reading task as they suggested. The data obtained from interview depicted that the learners have lack of vocabulary knowledge, lack of reading habit, and their irritated kind of early schooling(reading) background were mainly affected them unable to improve their reading skills and academic performance. In addition, the poor implementation of teaching reading skill was also made the learners unable to improve their reading skills and academic performances. Similarly, the result obtained from the classroom observation revealed that teaching reading skill was given less emphasis as the English teacher used teacher-centered teaching methodology and as the learners did not get ample opportunities in guessing, predicting, analyzing and relating their prior knowledge with the existing knowledge. V 8In general, the students‟ lack of reading habit, lack of vocabulary knowledge, family (parents) work load, the irritated kind of their early schooling background and the poor implementation of English teacher‟s teaching reading skills were the major factors that hindered the students‟ reading skills for academic purpose in the case of Tiya secondary school grade 10th students. According to the results of the three instruments, it is possible to conclude that teaching reading skills at Tiya secondary school was very poor and it was given less emphasis. Hence, it is possible to recommend that reading skill should be taught in accordance with the students‟ involvements (student-centered teaching methodology)Item ASSESSING THE CHALLENGES AND SMALL ENTERPRISES MURAD JEMAL KEMAL WOLKITE WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA i OF YOUTH ENTREPRENEURS IN : IN THE CASE OF GURAGE ZONE(Wolkite University, 2020-06) MURAD JEMAL KEMALthe main objective of this study was to assess the challenges of youth entrepreneur in Gurage zone. For the sake of achieving the objective of this study questionnaires were analyzed using statistical analyses such as descriptive analyses. Moreover, the study utilized cross-sectional in the sense thatall relevant data was collected at a single point in time. The respondent youth entrepreneurs were selected using stratified sampling technique from a target population of 384 youth entrepreneur inMSE. The information gleaned through questionnaires from a sample of 184 youth entrepreneurs and face- to- face interviews were conducted with 9 key informants in MSE offices. Beside this the interview questions were analyzed using descriptive narrations. The empirical study elicited the main challenges of youth entrepreneurs in Gurage zone, which include: economic challenge(infrastructure, lack of premises, lack of market, lack of networking, lack of finance lack of managerial skill); lack of training, legal/administrative challenge and socio-cultural challenges. Training challenge take the leading position of severity followed by legal/ administrative challenges, economic challenges and socio cultural challenges respectively. Based on the findings of the study youth entrepreneurs should make lobbies together to the concerned government officials by forming entrepreneurs associations. Besides this, youth entrepreneurs in MSEs should search for other alternative supporting agents rather than relaying only on MSE offices in improving their performance and solving problems. Furthermore, MSE offices should also facilitate training with stakeholders and discuss with municipalities and other administrative bodies to make youth entrepreneur’s owners of working premise (land), facilitates finance and solve other challenges of youthItem ASSESSING THE PRACTICE OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA WOLKITE BRANCH(Wolkite University, 2019-06) AEMIRO BAWOKEThe senior essay on the risk management practice was conducted on commercial bank ofEthiopia at Worksite branch. The researcher stated the statement of the problem both general and specific objectives and significance of the study. The researcher used descriptive data analysis method. To conduct the research, the researcher employed use primary data was collected through questioner on risk management practice. The data collected was analyzed using percentage and presented in tabular form base on identifiable problems. By increasing the independent variables researcher try to reduce error and the result were likely to be more accurate and precise. The financial performance would be measured by use of return on asset. The study also focused on financial risk as independent variable and more result the relationship between risk management and financial performance in commercial bank of Ethiopia. The researcher recommended that it was a high time forth bank to adopt a contemporary, proactive and decentralization risk manage metasystem if it tends to survive the thunders of local composition, the flood of globalization and the tremble of our dynamic market and economic conditionItem ASSESSING THE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF POVERTY ON WOMEN HEADED HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL AREAS: THE CASE OF ENOR WOREDA IN GURAGHE ZONE, SNNPRS(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) SIRAK MOHAMMEDThis study was aimed at assessing the social effects of poverty on women-headed households in rural areas, specifically in the case of Enor Woreda, Guraghe Zone, SNNPRS. A total of 99 sample women-head households were randomly selected from five selected kebeles. Primary and secondary data sources were used for this study. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire, key informant interview and focus group discussions from rural women-headed households and concerned representatives from government sector and non-governmental organizations. By taking their specialized knowledge and experience in working with women headed households, the researcher involved experts from various backgrounds, including offices of labor and social affairs, culture and tourism, and NGO. This helped, the researcher to gather a comprehensive understanding of the social effects of poverty on women-headed households in rural areas, allowing for a more holistic analysis of the topic. To this end, the researcher used mixed approaches of both qualitative and quantitative methods to conduct the study. Descriptive design was employed to analyzing the collected data. Hence, the quantitatively gathered data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables and percentages). The findings of this study made it clear that female-headed households were facing different social problems in accessing social services such as education, clean water, healthcare, and housing due to poverty. Additionally, women-headed households in the study area have also been encountering difficulties in ensuring food security, physical safety, security, and maintaining good family relationships. Furthermore, the preliminary findings highlight the emergence of exclusion and stigma within these households, primarily influenced by poverty. Additionally, the research indicates that female-headed households are particularly vulnerable to gender-based violence, exclusion, and stigma due to their circumstances. To address these substantial issues, collaboration between communities, government entities, and non-governmental organizations is crucial. by means of working together, these stakeholders must formulate effective strategies to mitigate the social consequences linked to poverty among rural women-led households, regardless of their de facto or de jure status.Item Assessment of Human Resource Management and its Challenge in Construction Project incase of WOLKITE TOWN(Wolkite University, 2019-06) Aklilu wolideThis thesis is designed to assess the human resource management and its challenges in building construction projects in case of Wolkite Town. To this end; the study has the objective to assess the human resource management and its challenges in building construction projects. On thebasis of our research methodology data collected through questionnaires and interview which are founded on the primary data and secondary data of theoretical assessment of related literature sand we have tried to unearth some of the real problems of appraisals based on the opinion of threats in the commercial building construction organizations. The questionnaires were distributed to ten number of building constructions in Wolkite Town Were fully completed and returned. The questionnaire was distributed to the employers on the basis of convenience sampling based on the willingness and cooperation of the respondents. The data collected were done by the researchers to rationally solve the indicated problems specified according to the implication of the scope and specified objectives. Based on the data analysis of the research there were some of the dominant challenges like difficulties of different behavior, salary of payment, skill of labors and characteristics of construction work activities which are identified according to their degree of impacts on the success of the performance of construction project. As the study was focused particularly on effective human resource management and its challenges in construction projects, identifying challenges for managing peoples. We concluded it in the method of performing both the data obtained from primary and secondary sources. Thatis all the listed and identified questionnaires are analyzed in the weight of the percentages and tried to shown in different bar graphs. Finally the vital problems and challenges are prioritized according to its degree of impacts in the construction projects. At last we recommended them means all the contractors should use the best HRM systems like matrix organizing system than the oldest form of functional organization system in their organization to hold the current management system and to overcome the all challenges and problems toward for successful accomplishment of construction project goalsItem ASSESSMENT OF SERVICE DELIVERY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (IN CASE OF AWASH INTERNATIONAL BANK,WOLKITE BRANCH)(Wolkite University, 2019-06) YONAS WONDESENThe purpose of conducting this research is to understand how the service WKULISDL delivery is and its effect on customer satisfaction .the objective of this study was an assessment of service delivery system and customer satisfaction on Awash International Bank. The scope of the study theoretically limited on service delivery and customer satisfaction and geographically limited on Awash International Bank in Wolkite city. To accomplish the required work the researcher used descriptive research design. The relevant data for the stud were collected through primary and secondary data and non-probability sampling technique specifically convenient sampling technique were employed to conduct the study. Quantitative data were analyzed and interpreted via table and percentage and qualitative data were analyzed busing theoretical or descriptive framework. Finally based on the findings the researcher tried to gave conclusions and recommendationsItem ASSESSMENT OF SOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ALONG THE TOPOSEQUENCE AT RUKETI COMMUNITY WATERSHED, SODO DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(Wolkite University, 2023-06) ZELEKASH ASAYEW KEBEDEVariations in slope positions can influence the physical and chemical properties of soils depending on the soil’s position in the local topography. Topographic factors in turn affect soil processes and the distribution of soil in a given land use system. Therefore, a studying on the effect of slope positions and soil depths on selected soil properties is of paramount importance inRuketi community watershed, Sodo district. The general objective of this study was, therefore, to assess the soil physicochemical properties along the toposequence of Ruketi communitywatershed, Sodo district. The study area was divided into four slope positions (summit, shoulder, back, and toe slope positions) and two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm). A total of twenty-four (24) composite disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from the two soil depths for analysis of pertinent soil properties and analyzed in the laboratory using standard procedures. Results indicated that most of the physicochemical properties showed relative variations in response to slope positions and soil depths. The textural class of soils ranged from loam to clay loam. A higher bulk density value (1.53 g cm-3) was recorded in the subsurface soils. Total porosity ranged from 44.59 to 47.86 % with the highest (47.86 %) at the back slope position. The pH values increased with soil depth and ranged from 5.89 to 7.35. The highest CEC (33.83 cmol (+) kg-1) was recorded followed by (31.95 cmol (+) kg-1) at toe and back slope positions, respectively. The highest exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were recorded relatively at the lower slope positions at both soil depths. Exchangeable Ca and Mg were the predominant captions in the exchange sites of surface and sub-surface soil layers. The highest soil OC content (2.47%) and lowest (1.26%) were recorded at the shoulder and back slope positions, respectively, and soil OC content decreased with increasing soil depth. The total nitrogen content ranged from 0.11 to 0.21% following the same trend with soil OC across soil depths. The highest available phosphorus (6.35 mg kg-1) was recorded at toe slope positions and the value ranged from 3.82 to 6.35 mg kg-1in soils of the summit and toe slope positions. The values of exchangeable bases and base saturation were varied across slope positions and higher at toe slope positions. In general, the results indicate that most of the soil properties were lower in soils at in all slope positions of the two soil depths suggesting that soil fertility management needs to be implemented to improve agriculture productivity sustainably in the watershed.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE PURCHASING PRACTICE (IN CASE OF WOLKITE UNIVERSITY(Wolkite University, 2019-06) ZIGIJU BEREHANIEPurchasing refers to a function in business where by the enterprise obtains the inputs for what was produced as well as other goods and services it requires. Purchasing practice in Ethiopia is not recent phenomena Nowadays, it play curtail role by providing the necessary material to other department. The investigation conducted on important and difficulties or challenges of purchasing activity Wolkite University. The major objective of this study was focus on improving purchasing mechanism of challenges enriching practice with the most relevant information and assessing the department. This research had been very significant in helping the organization. To do this both primary and secondary data is needed for successful achievement of the study. Primary data was collected from purchasing department committee and the manger though open and closed ended questioner. But secondary data were gathered from different document, books, and reports of purchasing department. The study use census sampling techniquesItem ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BALANCED SCORECARD IMPLEMENTATION: THE CASE OF GURAGE ZONE SELECTED GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS, ETHIOPIA(Wolkite University, 2019-06) Mohammed Shihure JijoAlthough Balanced Score Card has been adopted by the Government of Ethiopia at all levels of the government structure for some time now, effectiveness of its implementation is not adequately studied empirically. The current study was, thus, conducted to assess the effectiveness of BSC implementation in Gurage Zone selected government organizations. The study employed mixed type of research to achieve intended objectives of the study. Simple random sampling and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 144 respondents from 1052 civil servants in the government offices. The data was gathered through pretested questionnaire and interview. The study used SPSS Version 20 for processing the data. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency ,percentage, mean and standard deviation presented by using table. Besides, regression and correlation analysis were used to show cause effect relationships. Though the departments made efforts to realize of the effectiveness of BSC Implementation, the findings of the study revealed that they were not at good deal in attaining their intended objectives. To mention few: lack of leadership commitment, absence of continuous training and participation of employees during BSC Planning, lack of awareness in reform concept, no close supervision, no relevant rewarding system, no adequate evaluation and monitoring activities. Here, 57.2 % of the variations in the effectiveness ofBSC Implementation were jointly accounted by the nine variables at 5% level of precision. The major finding of this study depicts that BSC Implementation practice is not at good deal in the selected public sectors. Therefore, it is recommended that the departments should focus on strengthening reform team and change agents to achieve the effectiveness of BSC implementation and enhancing communication at every stage of reform implementation. It is also recommended that the top managers to be highly committed towards avoiding taking more time in finalizing reform implementation and putting incentives in place to motivate the best performers. Genuinely speaking, to realize effectiveness of BSC implementation, the departments suggested to employ the implementation practices by incorporating the necessary components of BSC.Item ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION PRACTICES OF WOWSPRING WATER COMPANY(Wolkite University, 2019-06) WUDIE ENDAYUThis study is conducted in WOW spring Water Company to know the assessment of physical distribution practice of the company. The study was important to assess whether the physical distribution of the organization is going on right things or not to arrange objectives. The data were collected by using primary and secondary data. The sample size of customers was selected by using nonprobability sampling especially convenience sampling techniques, questionnaires distributed to them 150respondent and the data were analyzed using descriptive research statistics presented in the form of a table and percentages. Finally, from the questionnaire and interview findings, the researcher concludes..... Give recommendation and conclusionbody of the organization.Item Assessment Of The Promotion, Demotion And Transfer Practices In Woliso Lukas General Hospital(Wolkite University, 2021-06) Shega DesalegnThe purpose of the study is to assess the promotion, transfer and demotion practices of Wolisogeneral hospital. Among 403 employees of the hospital 80 employees were participated in thestudy. Simple random sampling method is employed to reach the target population. Questionnaires were used to collect data for the study. Formally the data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by using percentage and presented tables. The finding of thestudy indicates that to ascertain promotion, demotion and transfer polices practiced, identify themajor objectives, to know present practice and to outline and explain the bases of promotion, demotion and transfer. since as the main practices of the hospital regarding on promotion, demotion and transfer. However, the objective of transfer do not focus on the change of organization structure, basis of transfer opportunity is focused on environmental condition andjob experience only, Employees after demoted from their work develop many unwanted behavioral changes and it may become dangerous for their life individual or social and Some of the employees don’t know about the current policy of implementing demotion and its implementation does not satisfy needs and wants of the employees were problems of promotion, demotion and transferItem Assessment of WEPs and Their Implications in Ankober District,North Shewa Zone Amhara region,Ethiopia(Wolkite University, 2023-05) Genet Lakew,WEPs are valuable resources in rural livelihoods for supplementing the staple food, ensuring food security, dietary diversification and sustained income. The present study was conducted to identify and document WEPs and assess their role in food security in Ankober woreda, North Shewa Zone Amhara region, Ethiopia. Seven keble were purposively selected for the data collection from the study area and 117informants were selected randomly from 2469 households by using simple random sampling and purposive methods. The size of the sample population for each kebele was decided using the sample size determination of Cochran's (1963) formula. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, Focus group discussions, guided field observations, and market surveys. The data was analyzed using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to determine the informant consensus factor, Direct matrix ranking, Pair-wise ranking, fidelity level and Jacquard similarity coefficient. Ethnomedicinal knowledge held by different informant categories was compared using One-way ANOVA and t-test in SPSS version 20. A total of 50 WEP Species distributed in 42 genera and 32 different families were identified. Moraceae and Fabaceae families were relatively the most frequent in terms of the number of WEPs species represented by five and four species each followed by, Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Anacardiaceae which contributed two species each. The most frequently consumed parts of WEPs were found to be fruits (74% ), and most of them, 41 (82%) species, were eaten as fresh. Shrubs were the highest growth forms (44%), trees (30%), herbs (24%) and liana (2%). The result of the preference ranking indicated that Opuntia ficus-indica is the most preferred wild fruit, followed by Ximenia americana. The informant consensus analysis showed that Cordia africana and Ximenia americana are the most threatened species. The study showed that agricultural expansion and fire wood collection were identified as a major threat to WEPs. Hence, the conservation of WEPs species as well as protecting indigenous knowledge were the basic critical issues. Domesticating these WEPs is necessary for food security, raising public awareness in the community, and promoting sustainable utilization and conservation of WEPs resourcesItem ASSESSMENT ON OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMMERTIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA (IN CASE OF WOLKITE BRANCH)(Wolkite University, 2019-06) BIRHANU ALAMINEHThe research was conducted to assess operational risk management in commercial bank of Ethiopia at wolkite branch. The main objective of this study is to assess the operational risk management and controlling techniques in the bank. The researcher used both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data was collected from the employees of the organization through questionnaires. The secondary data was also gathered from books, materials, documents, and libraries. Researcher has used census survey sampling techniques in order to gather the essential data accordingly 36 employees of the organization where included. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis tool were use such as percentage, frequency, tabulations. The major findings of the research show that personal property and motor vehicle risk were happened mainly due to carelessness of the employees in the organization. Finally researcher recommended that the company give special attention on this issue to minimize the riskItem An Assessment on Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Challenges: A case of Wolkite Town, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) FELEKECH TESFAYEThe concept of urban green infrastructure is being implemented as part of future land use plans in cities around the world. This study was aimed to assessing current status and challenges of urban green infrastructure development in Wolkite town. To achieve the aforementioned research objective, a mixed research approach was used. Representative sample respondents and key informant were selected using random and purposive sampling methods, respectively. Questionnaire, key informant interview were used as tools of data collection. Data obtained via survey questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26). Data collected by document review and key informant interviews were analyzed by description for method of triangulation. The findings of the study revealed that road side plantation was the common urban green infrastructure in the study area. However, the status of urban green infrastructure is very poor this lead to dissatisfaction among the dwellers. Increasing green areas coverage had encouraging effect on urban green infrastructure while lack of strategic plan to facilitate the development and management of urban green infrastructure and lack of reserved spaces was identified as the major problem in the town. Based on the findings of the study, it concludes that urban green infrastructure in the study are faces various challenges and as a result to improve the coverage and quantity of urban green infrastructure of Wolkite town used its maximum effort on it, Wolkite town administration and municipality administration should give consideration for plan, implantation and rules regarding urban green infrastructure in the study areItem CASE OF EDEN SPRING WATER COMPANY(Wolkite University, 2019-06) HELEN GIRMAThis study is in titled assessment of distribution practice. Some researcher’s studies only regarding on channel of distribution effectiveness, factories affect distribution channel, supply chain and logistics on other company, but no one did research on distribution practice in Eden Water Company. And the objective of this study assess distribution practice of Eden Water Company. The study will attempt to include a sample size127 employees and 1 a manager of the company by using censes sampling method. The data collected from different sources would reanalyzed used descriptive technique so as to make finding easy for understanding. The result obtained through this study will show that the distribution practice of Eden spring water company.