Masters of Art

URI for this collectionhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/987654321/8

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Associated Risk Factors Among Schoolchildren in Primary Schools at Sheger City Sebeta Sub City, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia
(wolkite universty, 2024-12) Tigist Bonsa
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a significant public health concern, especially among school-age children in developing countries. These infections can lead to malnutrition, growth retardation, and impaired cognitive development if left untreated. Understanding the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among primary school students is crucial for implementing effective intervention measures and improving the health and well-being of this vulnerable population. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and identify the associated risk factors among primary school children in Sheger City Sebeta Sub City, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. The study was conducted from March to June 2023 and involved a sample size of 384 children. The data collected provides insights into the frequency of deworming supplementation, awareness of intestinal parasites, and the prevalence of protozoa and helminth infections. The findings revealed that during the specified time frame, no deworming supplementation was provided to the children. While some children reported being aware of intestinal parasites, the majority did not receive regular deworming supplementation. the majority of children (86.7%) tested negative for any protozoa infections. However, 8.1% of the children tested positive for Giardia, and 5.2% tested positive for Entamoeba histolytica. When examining helminth infections, the majority of children (87.8%) tested negative for any helminth infections. These results emphasize the urgent need for implementing deworming programs and interventions to address and control the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school children in the Sheger City Sebeta Sub-City area. Such interventions are essential to improve the health and well-being of schoolchildren by reducing the burden of these infections and their associated adverse effects, including growth stunting, malnutrition, anemia, fatigue, and impaired school attendance and cognitive performance
SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ART IN MARKETING MANAGEMENT
(2023-05) ELYAS GELAW
Marketing strategies constitute one of the key functional strategies that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) adopt to enhance performance. This study is aimed to examine the effect of marketing strategy on SMEs performance in Wolkite town. By taking the research objectives and questions into considerations, only quantitative research approach and both descriptive research design were used. The study was delimited to proportionate stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The findings of descriptive statistics have shown that the mean score of marketing strategy variables i.e. STP, product, price, promotion, place, customer orientation, and relationship marketing inclined to agreement. Relatively relationship marketing had a higher strong relationship with performance. Likewise, the empirical findings of the multiple regression indicated that, only six of the predictor variables STP, Product, Promotion, Place, Customer Orientation, and Relationship Marketing have a positive and significant effect on the Performance of SMEs but, price is not.
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE, BLENDING RATIO, AND FERMENTATION TIME ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL, RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC OF INJERA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) Selamnesh Mitiku Abebe
"Injera," a thin fermented Ethiopian flatbread, is typically made from teff, along with other cereals and low-cost alternatives like root crops. The quality of the flour (functional, pasting properties, color, and particle size distribution), the properties of the sourdough (viscosity), and the final quality of injera (firmness and the number of injera "eyes") are crucial in the manufacturing injera. These characteristics can be influenced by factors such as the particle size of the flour, the proportion of kocho flour, and fermentation time. In this study, three particle sizes (0.125, 0.1, and 0.075mm), blending ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%), and fermentation times (24, 48, and 72 hours) were selected. The study explored a significant effect of particle size, blending ratio, and fermentation period on all parameters. Results indicated that finer flour particles and 30% kocho blend flours had significantly higher functional (BD= 0.94g/ml, WAC= 2.10g/g, SP= 6.81g/g WSI= 6.33% and BD= 0.81g/ml, WAC= 2.17g/g, SP= 7.04g/g WSI= 7.23%) and pasting properties such as PV, TV, BDV, FV, and SBV (1258, 765, 494, 1751, and 987cp and 1377, 1013, 366, 2117, and 1106cp). The color values, L*, a*, and b*, showed significant variations based on particle size, with the L* value decreasing and the a* and b* values increasing respectively increasing flour particles. However, the L* value for color in both the kocho blend samples was similar. The interaction effect of particle size and fermentation time had a significant effect on the sourdough viscosity and injera quality, including the number of eyes, firmness, and sensory attributes. Blending kocho into teff slightly affected the viscosity of sourdough, but significantly altered injera texture, reducing its firmness and increasing the number of injera eyes. Furthermore, this study aimed to optimize the particle size of teff flour, fermentation period, and kocho blending ratio, using a central composite design (CCD) within a response surface methodology (RSM) module A significant quadratic model was identified for particle size and fermentation time concerning viscosity (R2 = 0.97), firmness (R2 = 0.97), and number of eyes(R2= 0.97). Similarly, blending ratio and fermentation time showed significant quadratic models for viscosity (R2 = 0.96), firmness (R2 = 0.98), and number of eyes (R2 = 0.91). The optimized parameters were identified as follows: teff flour particle size of 0.11mm, fermentation time of 53.1 hours, Koch blending ratio of 30% with teff flour at 70%, and a fermentation duration of 33 hours.
EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP ON JOB SATISFACTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED BANKS IN WOLKITE TOWN
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) MERON BIRATU
Employee satisfactions are critical factors influencing organizational performance and success. This study investigates the determinants of employee job satisfaction in the context of public and private banks, focusing on leadership practices as key predictors. The research methodology involves regression analysis to examine the impact of transformational, transactional, laissezfaire, and servant leadership styles on employee job satisfaction. The findings reveal significant relationships between certain leadership styles and employee outcomes in both public and private banks. In the context of private banks, the regression analysis highlighted the significant influence of transformational leadership on employee satisfaction, with a noteworthy coefficient. Moreover, laissez-faire leadership also exhibited a substantial impact on satisfaction. Transformational leadership showed a significant effect. Additionally, servant leadership emerged as a significant factor affecting motivation. Conversely, in public banks, transformational leadership was found to significantly influence satisfaction, while laissez-faire leadership also demonstrated a substantial impact on satisfaction. These findings underscore the importance of various leadership styles in shaping employee job satisfaction across different banking sectors, providing valuable insights for organizational leadership strategies and practices. Based on these findings, several recommendations are proposed to enhance employeejob satisfaction in both public and private banks. These include promoting transformational and servant leadership practices, reviewing and strengthening transactional leadership approaches, mitigating laissez-faire leadership behaviors, encouraging continuous feedback and communication, fostering collaboration among employees, investing in leadership development initiatives, and prioritizing employee well-being
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL LIME AND DOLOMITE EFFECT ON ACID SOILS AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum .L) IN ENOR WOREDA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) MEHDI ABDELA
The problem of soil acidity threatens food production in many areas of Ethiopia, especially the highlands of the country. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of lime type and rates of agricultural lime and dolomite on acid soil properties and potato production. The field experiment was carried out followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The factor for blocking was difference in slop. The treatments comprised of two lime sources (agricultural lime and Dolomite) applied at four levels (0 t ha -1, 2.175 t ha -1, 2.9 t ha -1and 3.625 t ha -1 CaCO3 equivalent). This finding showed that statistically significant differences were scored among the lime rates in the case of pH, Ex.Ca, CEC andExch.Acidity. The soil pH was highly influenced by the application of different lime rates. It was successively increased as the rate of lime applied increased. The highest increment was scored at lime rate 3.625 t ha -1of both lime types by 1.73 and 1.75 units respectively increased as compared with the control and followed by rate 2.9 t ha -1. The soil Exch .acidity was significantly reduced from one level to another successively as the dose of lime applied was increased. The highest reduction of Each .Acidity was scored at lime rate 3.625 t ha -1of both lime types by reducing 1.647 meq/100 g soils and followed by lime rate 2.9 t/ha. At lime rate 3.625 t/ha CEC was high for both lime types and followed by lime rate 2.175 t ha -1. The soil Ex.Mg was influenced by both lime type and rate with a significant interaction effectand the highest Ex.Mg scored at Dolomite rate 3.625 t ha -1by 8.44 meq/100g soil, followed by Dolomite rate 2.9 t ha -1 by 6.49 meq/100g soil. Plant parameters like number of tillers, marketable yield and total tuber yield are influenced by both lime type and lime rate.Agricultural lime scored a significance increment over dolomite with the interaction effect was observed on number of tillers and marketable yield. The highest values was scored at agricultural lime rate 2.175 t ha -1 by 11.75 tillers, 34.41 t ha -1 marketable yield and 42.67 t ha -1 total tuber yield. As the data showed application of agricultural lime at a minimum dose had significantly promoted growth and yield of potato, thereby economically efficient for potato producers in Enor Woreda. Further study is needed to analyze efficiency of other lime types including locally available liming materials, the effects of lime with fertilizer and without fertilizer, the effects of liming materials at different sites.
OPTIMIZATION OF COST-EFFECTIVE ENSET (Ensete Ventricosum) (Lemmat) MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOL UNDER DIFFERENT GELLING AGENT USING MS MEDIA, IN ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) MAHILET ABISHU
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is culturally, economically and nutritionally vital in Ethiopia, notably in the Gurage region. Traditional propagation methods face challenges like low success rates and disease susceptibility. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective micro propagation protocol for Enset (Lemmat). Shoot tip explants were sterilized with NaOCl and H2O2 solutions at different concentrations: 0%, 1% and 2% for NaOCl and 0%, 10.5%, and 11.5% for H2O2. After sterilization, explants were placed in MS media with 2 mg/l BAP. Initiated shoots were transferred to MS media with varying BAP concentrations (0, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 mg/l) alone and with KN (1 mg/l). Rooting was induced with different IBA concentrations (0, 2, 3 and 4 mg/l) on MS medium. Agar, bulla, sand and glass beads were used to solidify the cultures. Plantlets were acclimatized in various media mixtures in the greenhouse. The sterilization experiment revealed that 40% NaOCl achieved 100% clean and viable explants. Glass beads and agar exhibited superior mean shoot lengths 9.8333 ± 0.29 and 9.6667 ± 0.57 respectively compared to bulla and sand with glass beads 10.0000 ± 0.57 showing the shortest mean duration for shoot initiation. Sands exhibited the highest mean shoot number per explant, as well as the highest mean shoot length 8.67 ± 0.57 on 4mg/l BAP + 1mg/l KN and 9.67 ± 0.57 on 4mg/l BAP + 1mg/l KN respectively for shoot multiplication. Glass beads exhibited the highest mean root length (8.6333 ± 0.50 on 4.0 IBA), while sand showed the highest mean number of roots followed by Sand (6.00 ± 0.57). Acclimatization in a red soil sand and compost mixtures at a 1:1:1 ratio resulted in the highest mean shoot height (26.611 ± 5.86). Utilizing glass beads and sand-based liquid media offers an 80.13% reduction in medium cost per jar, while bulla as a gelling agent saves 84.88% compared to agar. Generally, this study optimizes the micro-propagation of Enset, identifying effective sterilization methods, solidifying agents, and cost-reducing alternatives that enhance growth without compromising quality. Findings suggest broader applications for other plant species to improve agricultural sustainability
EFFECT OF SPRAY-DRYING CONDITIONS ON EGG POWDERS QUALITY TO ENHANCE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF PLANT BASED COMPLEMENTARY FOODS (MITIN-AJA AND BULLA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) KEYRE AMDALA
Locally available complementary foods are high in carbohydrates and little protein made of cereal or starchy root crops. The purpose of this study optimize spray drying conditions to improve the macro-nutritional content of commercially available complementary foods commonly sold in Wolkite, (Bulla and Mitin-Aja) by incorporating egg yolk and white powders. Addressing infant under nutrition requires attention to the quantity and quality of foods introduced during infancy. To achieve this, four complementary food blends were formulated to enhance their nutritional profiles. Spray-drier was used to convert liquid egg into powder, by varying processing conditions (inlet-temperature, feed rate, and dilution rate). These parameters were selected to optimize the moisture content of egg powders by using response surface methodology. Parameters such as physicochemical, water activity, bulk density, and sensorial attributes were evaluated to assess the overall quality and acceptability of the products. Standard official procedures were used to determine the macronutrient composition of developed foods and ingredients and there was a significant difference between developed and commercial complementary foods in all macronutrient compositions. The protein content of complementary foods varied from 1.45% to 18.74%. Egg powders increase the protein content of bulla from 1.45 to 14.72% and mitin-Aja from 11.11 to 18.74%. In this study, the energy density of 3.8kcal/g from egg yolk powder blended with Mitin-aja and Bulla can fulfill the requirements in 53, 81, and 144g/day for 6-8, 9-11, and 12-23 month-old children respectively. However, complementary foods composite animal-source foods can be a possible tool to overcome malnutrition. In general, the formulated diets were better than commercially available complementary foods..
DETERIMINANTS OF FARMER PARTICIPATION TO WHEAT CLUSTER FARMING AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC ROLE IN SODO WOREDA, EAST GURAGHE ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) GIRMA KOTO GUDA
Cluster farming is an agricultural practice that involves organizing and grouping together farmers within a specific geographic area based on proximity of their farm plots and it increasingly recognized as a viable means of improving smallholder economy in money developing countries .Ethiopia’s farming system is dominated by Smallholder farmers who accounts for 96 percentage of total cultivated area generated 95 percent of total production. Agriculture has not been used to its full potential for development in Ethiopia due to low productivity and low-level of value addition of smallholder. Enhancing productivity and value addition among smallholder farmers is broadly perceived as a main strategy which is achieved through promoting agricultural cluster farming approach. This thesis is focused on studying determinants farmers’ participation decision of wheat cluster farming and its role in Sodo Woreda of Eeast Guraghe zone of central Ethiopia. In this study both primary and secondary data were used. The primary data were collected from a sample of 274 household heads randomly selected by using two stage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics include mean, and OLS model were employed to analyze the data. Variables, sex of house hold headed, farm size, training access and mechanization use were significantly affect wheat cluster farming in the study area. Lastly this study recommends that actors should invest on linking farmers of both sexes to enhance wheat cluster farming participation of farmers. Mechanization use positively influenced wheat cluster farming participation decision and extent of cluster participation level the government and concerned body should organize farmers and facilitate credit facilities for them to buy different agricultural tools. Training access significantly influenced farmers ‘participating in wheat cluster farming so the concerned body should train farmers to bring a good result
MICROPROPAGATION OF TWO BANANAS (MUSA SPP.) VARITIES USING SHOOT EXPLANT FROM GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) GENET DARGE
The banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important fruits for production and consumption due to its great nutritional importance. Nearly all banana genotypes are being threatened by bacterial wilt disease due to conventional propagation. Banana propagation rates achieved by tissue culture techniques are much higher than those reported by conventional methods. The objectives of this research were to develop a mass in vitro regeneration protocol for two elite banana dwarf Cavendish and ducase varieties from shoot tip explants. The experiment was laid out in CRDwith three replications in factorial arrangement. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in three concentration levels (1, 2, and 5%) with 70% ethanol was used for surface sterilization. For controlling browning on explants at shoot initiation, explants were aseptically cultured on MSbasal medium supplemented with 25mg, 50mg, ascorbic acid, and 1g and 2g of activated charcoal. Then the initiated shoots were transferred to MS basal media supplemented with 2, 2.5, or 3 mg/l of BAP alone and in combination with 0.5 mg/l of Kn. Plantlets were planted on different mixes of soil in (2:1:1). The sterilization experiment showed that 2% NaOCl was found to be effective. The results showed that from levels of antioxidant treatments up to 85%, initiated shoots survived medium containing 2 g/l activated charcoal. The use of 2g AC and 50mg AA as anti-browning agents in the medium for banana explants was suitable for shoot tip culture. On the shoot multiplication, maximum shoots per ex-plant (8.33) were obtained on a medium containing 3 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/L KN. The highest increase in root length was observed with the 80 g/l bulla, resulting in 6.90cm on the ducase variety. The acclimatization experiment showed 100% plantlet survival in all media mixtures. In this study, among the two cultivars tested, dwarf Cavendish was found to be more responsive to in vitro propagation techniques
Investigating the change and Continuity of Ethiopian Foreign Policy in the Horn of Africa since 2018
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) TIGIST DANSA
When we look at it as a whole, the Ethiopian Foreign policy with the goal of achieving development, prosperity, economic, security, political and other better performance in the country should be designed to create good diplomacy with neighboring countries. But when there is weak foreign policy and diplomacy, then there will be conflict, displacement, terrorist coup in the country. Ethiopia is maintaining close diplomacy with the Horn of Africa and other African and European countries in order to achieve the best in each sector for the sake of national security and the security of its people at the same time. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the objective of Ethiopian foreign policy in the Horn of Africa since 2018. The qualitative research method guides the overall study, besides this the data were gathered through in-depth interview, key informant interview and supplemented by other secondary sources for literature purposes. In order to collect information’s both primary and secondary data collection method employed. Thematic and narrative methods of data analysis were employed and participants were selected by using a purposive sampling technique. The study disclosed the following key Explanation regarding the findings. The administration of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (Dr.) generally started in the Horn of Africa with press releases and talks to create integrations, but the continuation and the files are controversial. Based on the clear matches seen in the study, it was revealed that the people governed by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed performed that Ethiopian foreign policy in the Horn of Africa is better than the others, but there are doubts about its continuation. Finally, according to the researcher, Ethiopian foreign policy in the Horn of Africa seems to be logical in the best interest of the country but some of the decisions are result of emotional quick decisions.

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