College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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    ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN-HOSPITA MORTALITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, 2023-2026: A CROSS-SECTIONAL CHART REVIEW
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) ABDULSEMED WORKU
    Background: Acute coronary syndrome remains a major cause of in-hospital mortality in low-resource settings, where access to reperfusion therapy and specialized cardiac care is limited. Evidence on determinants of outcomes in such contexts is scarce, particularly from non-revascularization centers in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the magnitude of in-hospital mortality and identify its independent predictors among patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital, in the years 2023-2026; Wolkite Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional chart review was conducted among 212 consecutive Acute Coronary Syndrome patients admitted between 2023 and 2026. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, in-hospital complications, and outcomes were extracted using a structured checklist. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality (died vs discharged alive). Bivariate logistic regression was performed to identify candidate predictors, followed by multivariable logistic regression using an events-per variable–guided approach. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and pseudo R² statistics. Result: The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 16.1%, with substantially higher mortality among patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In multivariable analysis, Killip class IV at presentation [AOR=11], ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis [AOR= 3.6], elevated serum creatinine indicating acute kidney injury (AOR ≈ 10), and composite in-hospital complications [AOR=14] were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The final model demonstrated good fit (Hosmer Lemeshow, p = 0.718) and strong explanatory power (Nagelkerke R² = 0.73). Conclusion: In-hospital mortality among Acute Coronary Syndrome patients in our study was high and driven primarily by clinical severity and in-hospital complications. Early risk stratification and improved supportive care for high-risk patients are essential to improve outcomes in resource-limited settings.
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    ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN-HOSPITA MORTALITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, 2023-2026: A CROSS-SECTIONAL CHART REVIEW
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) ABDULSEMED WORKU
    Background: Acute coronary syndrome remains a major cause of in-hospital mortality in low-resource settings, where access to reperfusion therapy and specialized cardiac care is limited. Evidence on determinants of outcomes in such contexts is scarce, particularly from non-revascularization centers in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the magnitude of in-hospital mortality and identify its independent predictors among patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital, in the years 2023-2026; Wolkite Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional chart review was conducted among 212 consecutive Acute Coronary Syndrome patients admitted between 2023 and 2026. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, in-hospital complications, and outcomes were extracted using a structured checklist. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality (died vs discharged alive). Bivariate logistic regression was performed to identify candidate predictors, followed by multivariable logistic regression using an events-pervariable–guided approach. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and pseudo R² statistics. Result: The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 16.1%, with substantially higher mortality among patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In multivariable analysis, Killip class IV at presentation [AOR=11], ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis [AOR= 3.6], elevated serum creatinine indicating acute kidney injury (AOR ≈ 10), and composite in-hospital complications [AOR=14] were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The final model demonstrated good fit (Hosmer– Lemeshow, p = 0.718) and strong explanatory power (Nagelkerke R² = 0.73). Conclusion: In-hospital mortality among Acute Coronary Syndrome patients in our study was high and driven primarily by clinical severity and in-hospital complications. Early risk stratification and improved supportive care for high-risk patients are essential to improve outcomes in resource-limited settings.
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    ADHERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON FOLLOW UP AT GURAGHE ZONE HOSPITALS,CENTRAL ETHIOPIA NOV-DEC,2025
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr.DANIEL FUJAGA
    Background: Optimal blood pressure control depends largely on patients’ adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications. However, medication non-adherence continues to be a major challenge. In Ethiopia, although several studies have examined antihypertensive medication adherence, findings on associated factors vary, and evidence from Guraghe Zone hospitals is lacking. Method: A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November-1 to December-30, 2025 in three selected Hospitals of Guraghe Zone. A simple random sampling technique was used to select hospitals and study subjects were proportionally allocated. A total of 368 adult hypertensive patients on follow-up who visit during the study period were consecutively enrolled until the required sample attained. Medication adherence was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.7 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done at a 95% confidence interval (CI). A variable with a P-value 4.33) and duration of antihypertensive treatment for less than five years (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10–0.94). Conclusion: Adherence to antihypertensive medication was found to be suboptimal. This study identified place of residence, educational level, blood pressure control status, use of health insurance coverage and duration of hypertension treatment as independent predictors of medication adherence. Therefore targeted counseling more focusing on first years of therapy and strengthening health insurance coverage is recommended
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    ADOLESCENT PARENT SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH COMMUNICATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CHEHA WOREDA, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-10-01) YALFAL ALEMU
    Background: Adolescent-parent sexual and reproductive health communication is a vital way of improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes for adolescents. However, there is limited evidence regarding communication between adolescent and their parents about sexual and reproductive health in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess adolescent parent sexual and reproductive health communication and associated factors among students attending secondary schools at Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study, supplemented with qualitative data, was carried out among 550 secondary school students from February 1–30, 2024. A systematic sampling method was employed to select participants. Data collection involved self-administered questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussions were held with a purposively chosen group of students. The quantitative data was entered using EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations, with a 95% confidence interval and a pvalue of <0.05 considered for statistical significance. Qualitative data was analyzed using manual thematic analysis. The results were presented in the form of tables, figures, and text. Results: Five hundred fifty participants completed the questionaries’ making the response rate 95.2%. More than half of the participants, 57.1% (95% CI: 0.528–0.613), reported communicating about sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents. The study identified significant associations with adolescent-parent sexual and reproductive health communication, including being female (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08–2.6), having a mother whose occupation was farmer (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7), receiving information about SRH (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.12–2.7), and being knowledgeable about SRH (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04–2.4). The qualitative findings identified shame and fear of parents as primary barriers to SRH communication. Conclusions and recommendations: Around two third of the participants were aware of various sexual and reproductive health services; however, the proportion of sexual and reproductive health communication with parents was low. Therefore, providing detailed information on the importance of communicating such sensitive issues with parents is recommended. Further research is needed to identify barriers from the parents' perspective
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    ADVERSE FETOMATERNAL OUTCOMES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF WOMEN AMONG INSTRUMENTAL VAGINAL DELIVERY AT HOSPITALS FOUND IN GURAGHE ZONE, 2023/2024
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-01-01) TIZITA TSEGAYE
    Background: Due to instrumental delivery, mothers and their babies in underdeveloped nations like Ethiopia experience varying degrees of morbidity and even death.Unless it is performed by trained and experienced health workers.In our country Ethiopia there are only limited studies and no multi-institutional studies was done on adverse feto maternal outcome of IVD and the results may not be representative of target populations.However this study aimed to fill the existing gap, particularly in this study area. Objective: This study's objective was to assess adverse feto maternal outcomes and associated factors of women among instrumental vaginal delivery at hospitals found in Guraghe zone. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective investigation was carried out at three hospitals in Guraghe Zone,and Systematic random sampling was employed to review 371 medical records of all women who had instrumental vaginal deliveries from January 1- March 30/2024.Incompletely filled charts were excluded during data review.a check list adapted from previous studies. The collected data was entered in to Epi data version 3.2, and exported to version 25 SPSS for analysis. Those variables with p<0.25 in the bi variable analyses were selected for multi variable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) with p < 0.05 was used to report statistically significant association during multi variable logistic regression. Results: In this study the magnitude of adverse feto maternal outcomes following IVD was found to be 199/ 53.6%(95%CI: 48.5-59.0).forceps delivery (AOR: 3.89; 95%CI: 1.07, 14.13),fetal heartbeat <120b/m (AOR: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.05, 5.31),induced labour (AOR: 8.11; 95%CI:1.58,41.55),GIIMSAF(AOR:5.35;95%CI:1.48,19.33),episiotomy during labour(AOR:0.32;95%CI:0.56,0.64) and weight <2500gm (AOR:7.58; 95%CI: 2.04,28.18) were significantly associated with adverse feto maternal outcomes of IVD.Conclusion and Recommendation:My study revealed that the overall adverse feto maternal outcomes during instrumental delivery are found to be relatively higher in Guraghe zone hospitals than in studies done at other places in Ethiopia In this study episiotomy found to be strongly protective for adverse feto maternal outcomes so liberal use of episiotomy during instrumental delivery is encourage. Vacuum is encouraged and has worldwide acceptance because of technical simplicity to apply and relatively less maternal trauma.And neonates with lower birth weight in IVD are more susceptible to birth injury,cesarean section is recommended to reduces the number of stillbirths and infant deaths.
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    ASSESSMENT OF COLOSTRUM FEEDING PRACTICE & ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG LACTATING MOTHERS IN SODO WOREDA, GURAGE ZONE SNNPR REGION, ETHIOPIA 2023.
    (Wolkite University, 2024-01-30) TESFAYE BIRHANU G/MARIAM
    Background: Colostrum is yellow to orange colored milk produced during the first few days ofdelivery and rich in nutrients and antibodies that have great role in health of the newborn baby.Despite the World Health Organization recommends that every newborn baby has to feed breastmilk with colostrum soon after delivery, poor colostrum feeding practice is still a common problem in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to assess colostrum feeding practicesand associated factors among mothers having less than 12 months age in Sodo Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNPR Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study designsupplemented by qualitative study was conducted from June 2023 to July 2023 among 352mothers of infants selected by systematic random sampling technique. The data were collecte dusing structured questionnaire, FGD & KII by semi structured guiding questionnaire. Descriptive analysis like frequency, percentage, & mean were performed. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify associated factors. Variables with p-value <0.05with 95% confidence interval identified statistically significant. Data was entered in Epi-dataversion 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24.0 for further analysis. Bivariable and multivari ablebinary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the pertinent variables. Adjustedodds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and P-value <0.05 were considered to indicate asignificant statistical association. Results: Two hundred eighty three, 80.1%, with (95%, CI:0.758, 0.841) of lactating mothers good practiced of colostrum feeding, with among those respondents with good knowledge (88.1%) ((AOR=2.98 times [95% CI: 1.49, 5.94]) more likelyhad good colostrum feeding practice & mothers with good attitude (84.4%) ((AOR=7.16 times[95% CI: 3.834, 13.39]) more likely had good practice of colostrum. Mothers of infantscounseled on timely initiation of colostrum feeding during ANC (AOR =3.01[(95% CI: 1.20-7.53])) & postnatal care within the first 2-3 days (AOR = 8[(95% CI: 2.61-26.07])) were positively associated with good colostrum practice. Mothers living in urban have (AOR= 5[(95%CI: 2.4-10.41])) have better practice of colostrum. Mothers having history of multiparty (AOR=2[(95% CI: 1.18-4.34])) had good colostrum feeding practice. Mothers having frequent history ofANC visit had more likely to practice colostrum feeding (AOR=2.64 [(95% CI: 1.15-6.08])). Institutional delivery (AOR=5[(95% CI: 1.77-14.502]) had significantly associated.Conclusion: My study shows that two hundred eighty three, 80.1% of lactating mothers had good practice of colostrum feeding and which shows about 20% of mothers still did not feedxcolostrum to their newborn. Counseling on timely initiation colostrum feeding during ANC visits, residency, partner educational status, having information about colostrum, having goodknowledge & favorable attitude towards colostrum feeding practice were significantly associated with practice of colostrum feeding. However, lack of counseling on the importance colostrumfeeding to the neonate, home delivery to their neonate, and lack of information about colostrumfeeding were the factors negatively affecting the practices of colostrum feeding. Strengtheningeducation on timely initiation of breastfeeding during antenatal care, Sustaining awarenesscreation strategies and approaches were suggested for the improvement of the nutritional valueof colostrum and its health welfare for new born babies
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    ASTHMA CONTROL STATUS AND ASSSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ON FOLLOW-UP AT PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN GURAGHE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. AKMEL MOHAMED
    Background: Asthma is a major health challenge globally where majority of the patients have uncontrolled disease status. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, one of the goals of asthma management is to achieve clinical control. Despite good understanding of therapeutic regimens, there is evidence for suboptimal asthma control in many patients. However, there is limited local evidence on the magnitude of uncontrolled asthma and its associated factors in our setting. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess level of poor asthma control and associated factors among asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among clinically diagnosed asthmatic patients who were consecutively enrolled from follow up clinic at public hospital in Gurage zone. Data were collected using a interviewer-administered questionnaire and asthma control was assessed based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between independent factors and uncontrolled asthma. A variables with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.05 declared as having significant association. Result: Among the 283 study participants, the mean age was 53 ± 14 years, and the median duration of asthma was 9 ± 7 years. Out of total participants,74.9% (212/283) had uncontrolled asthma. Uncontrolled asthma was significantly associated with variables including salbutamol use as rescue medication (AOR = 5.18; 95% CI: 2.21–12.18), poor pMDI technique (AOR = 12.35; 95% CI: 3.54–43.06), presence of comorbid disease (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.41–7.26), longer asthma duration (>6–30 years) (AOR = 11.3; 95% CI: 6.2–20.6), illiteracy (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.12–5.62)and lack of regular physician follow-up (AOR 11.65 (2.97– 45.79)) were significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly three fourth of asthma patient at follow up had uncontrolled asthma. Poor inhaler technique, inadequate follow-up, longer disease duration, comorbid conditions, and lower educational status were factors associated with it. Therefore, promoting regular follow up, strengthening patient centered counseling particularly for patients with comorbidities and low educational status would help control asthma
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    CLINICAL OUTCOME OF COMPLICATED MALARIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS DIAGNOSED WITH MALARIA AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALISED TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr.ABDULFETAH NUREDIN
    Background: Malaria is a major public health problem and a life-threatening parasitic infection, particularly among immunologically naive children who are highly vulnerable to severe complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes and factors associated with severe malaria among children under five diagnosed at WUCSRH in a retrospective study. Methods: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing medical records and logbooks of children under five diagnosed with malaria. A total of 427 children were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, cleaned, coded, entered into SPSS, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results were presented in narrative form and tables. Results: Of the 427 children, 190 (44.5%) had severe malaria. The most frequent complications were severe anemia 114 (26.7%), seizures 40 (9.4%), prostration 20 (4.7%), cerebral malaria 10 (2.3%), acute kidney injury 4 (0.9%), and hypoglycemia 2 (0.5%). Treatment outcomes showed that 177 (41.9%) were discharged improved, 1 (0.2%) referred, 7 (1.6%) left against medical advice, and 3 (0.7%) died. Season of presentation, duration of illness, and patient residence were independently associated with severe malaria. Children presenting in spring had lower odds of severe malaria compared to summer (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.10–0.55). Delayed presentation of 2–7 days increased the risk of severe malaria (AOR = 44.62; 95% CI: 23.01–86.53; p < 0.001), while children living near the health acility had lower odds (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.57; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Severe malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five. Early healthcare seeking, improved access to health facilities, and preventive measures are essential to reduce its burden and improve outcomes in endemic areas
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    CO-INFECTION OF ENTERIC PROTOZOA AND BACTERIA, AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE DIARRHEIC CHILDREN VISITING WORABE HOSPITAL, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (Wolkite University, 2025-01-30) ABDIRSEMED BEDEWI
    Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among childrenunder five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Enteric pathogens such as Giardialamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella, and Shigella spp. are common causes of childhooddiarrhea in these regions. However, data on their sources and co-infection patterns were limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the co-infection rates of enteric protozoa and bacteria andidentify associated risk factors in children under five presenting with diarrhea at WorabeHospital, central Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024. Stool sampleswere collected from 250 children under five with diarrhea and analyzed using parasitologicaland bacteriological techniques to detect the presence of pathogens. Results: Out of 250 stool samples analyzed, 72 (28.7%) tested infected for intestinal protozoa,and 33 (13.2%) were infected for enteropathogenic bacteria. Co-infections were identified in 20cases (8.0%). The most frequent co-infections included G. lamblia with Salmonella spp. (2.8%),G. lamblia with Shigella spp. (2.0%), E. histolytica/dispar with Shigella spp. (2.4%), and E.histolytica/dispar with Salmonella spp. (0.8%). Factors significantly associated with co-infectionincluded large family size (p=0.042), guardians with untrimmed fingernails (p=0.013), notwashing vegetables before feeding children (p=0.003), guardians not washing hands beforefeeding children (p=0.02), presence of domestic animals in the house (p=0.017), lack of a homelatrine (p=0.001), and use of unprotected drinking water (p=0.004). Conclusions and Recommendations: The study highlights that intestinal protozoa and entericbacteria, as well as co-infections, are major contributors to diarrhea in children. Key riskfactors include poor personal hygiene, untrimmed fingernails, and inadequate environmentalsanitation. It is recommended that public health efforts focus on raising awareness aboutpersonal and environmental hygiene to reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases.
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    FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OBSTRUCTED LABOR AND ITS MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES AMONG MOTHERS WHO GAVE BIRTH AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL: UNMATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY, WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) MUKTAR MOHAMMAD
    Background: Global maternal mortality due to obstructed labor is responsible for 9% of all maternal deaths. About half of the maternal deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa alone and one third took place in South Asia. Obstructed labor contributes 13% of maternal death in Ethiopia. Women who experienced obstructed labor for prolonged time can be complicated with fistula, serious social issues of divorce, separation from religious exercises, detachment from their families which can worsen poverty and malnutrition. Objective: To assess factors associated with obstructed labor and its maternal and perinatal outcomes among mothers who gave birth in WKUSH from January, 2022 to December, 2024 Methodology: Unmatched case - control study design was employed among cases and controls who delivered in WKUSH from January, 2022 to December 2024. Total sample size calculated to be 176, 59 were cases and 117 were control. Cases of obstructed labor were selected by simple random sampling and convenience sampling was employed to enroll the control group. Bivariate analysis between dependent and independent variables was performed. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were used as statistically significant factors and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure strength of association. Results: A total of 176 study subject, 59 cases and 117 control were enrolled the study. After performing multivariate logistic regression, four variables (distance from WKUSH, nulliparity, partograph utilization and place of labor follow up at health center) were the significant predictors of obstructed labor. Stillbirth, birth asphyxia, postpartum hemorrhage, obstetric fistula, SSI, longer hospital stay and maternal death were the major adverse perinatal outcome identified among cases. Conclusions: Obstructed labor was associated with increased maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Stillbirth, birth asphyxia, postpartum hemorrhage, SSI, longer hospital stay, obstetric fistula and maternal death were the common adverse outcomes of obstructed labor. Increasing accessibility of comprehensive obstetric care to the community, improving partograph utilization, and optimal creation of awareness in the community for birth preparedness and complication readiness may prevent occurrence of obstructed labor.
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    GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.
    (wolkite University, 2025-06) Dr. YONAS GIRMA
    Background: Poor glycemic control is a major public health issue among patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus and it is a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications. Numerous studieshave documented the importance of glycemic control and the factors that influence it. However; as of the studies done previously in Ethiopia the result are wide in terms of magnitude and its determinants. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and its determinant factors of poor glycemic control among type 2diabetes patients public hospitals of Gurage zone, central Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 316 patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus attending follow-up clinics at public hospitals in the Gurage Zone from November to December 2025. Study participants were selected using a systematic probability sampling technique, andall eligible patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected through face-to-faceinterviews using a structured questionnaire and by reviewing patients’ medical charts. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics wereused to summarize the data, while bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performedto identify factors associated with glycemic control. Results: Among the 316 study participants, 216 (68.4%) had poor glycemic control and 100 (31.6%) hadgood glycemic control. Longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.73–9.80), poor medicationadherence (AOR = 7.64; 95% CI: 3.59–16.28), non-adherence to dietary recommendations (AOR = 2.55;95% CI: 1.15–5.65), and older age (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI: 2.41–16.86) were independently associated withincreased odds of poor glycemic control. Access to a health care facility was associated with reduced odds of poor glycemic control (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12–0.54). Diabetic complications, comorbidity status, and community-based health insurance were not significant in the adjusted analysis. Conclusion and Recommendations: Poor glycemic control was highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gurage Zone public hospitals. Longer duration of diabetes, poor medication and dietary adherence, older age, and who lack access to health care facilities were significant predictors of poor glycemic control. Strengthening patient education on adherence, improving access to chronic care services, and prioritizing high-risk groups are essential to improve glycemic outcomes
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    HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING USING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AND ASSOCISTED FACTORS AMONG GURAGE ZONE WOMEN, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) SIRAJ HIYAR
    Introduction: - Cancer is a diverse group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cervical cancer, specifically, begins in the cervix which is the narrow passage connecting the uterus to the vagina. Globally, cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women. World Health organization strongly recommends that women adhere to regular screening protocols established by their local healthcare systems. In Gurage zone as well as central Ethiopia, there are limited studies available on health seeking behavior toward cervical cancer screening. Objectives:-To assess the health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening and to identify its associated factors among Gurage zone women, Central Ethiopia Method: - A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone from December 1, 2024-January 30, 2025 among 591 participants using multistage sampling method and 6 FGD was done with 50 participants. Following data collection, information was entered into Epi Data software then exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics utilized frequency distributions, while analytical methods included binary logistic regression to examine relationships between various factors and screening behaviors. Result: - Among participants of this study 30.8% (95% CI: 27% - 35%) had positive health care seeking behavior. Government employees showed 78% (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09–0.53; *p* = 0.001) lower and housewives were 55% (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22–0.93; *p* = 0.031) less likely to have health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening compared to farmers. Women who believed treatment was available were 11.4 times more likely to have health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening (AOR = 11.44, 95% CI: 5.32–24.60; *p* < 0.001). Conclusion and recommendation: - based on this study, the health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening is low. It is significantly associated with occupation, perceived severity, the availability of treatment and prevention and perceived barriers. Availing services in nearby facility and optimizing transportation system to service area will increase the performance.
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    HIGH RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS IN WOLKITE TOWN GURAGE ZONE CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04-01) ZERIHUN WOLDEGEBRIEL
    Background: High risk fertility behavior is a serious concern of public health. These risk factors result in premature birth, reduced birth weight, anemia, perinatal death, increase need of caesarean sections and unsafe abortion. Also result in increased chance of maternal and child mortality and hindering economic growth of individual and country. In addition to commons socio-economic-demographic variables, individual beliefs are introduced as new. Objective: To assess High risk fertility behavior and associated factors among mothers in wolkite town, Gurage zone, central Ethiopia 2024. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 300 women in Dec 2024 using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through interviews. One or more of condition listed below was classified as HRFB; giving birth at < 18 or >34 years (old primi), a birth interval of < 24 months or having > 3 children. HRFB was coded as "1" and non-HRFB as ‖0‖. Epi data version 4.6 was used for data entry and analysis was done by SPSS version 25. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariate were moved to multivariate analysis to control confounding factors. P-values and AOR <0.05 with 95% CI were used to state the significance. Result; Findings indicated that 74.1% (CI:68.3-79.7) of the women had experienced HRFB. The results show that single women are at lower odd of engaging in HRFB compared to their married counterpart (AOR = 0.732 CI: 0.0113-0.472). Women who were nonautonomous had higher odd experiencing HRFB (AOR=2.47,CI:1.349-4.53) compared to those with autonomous. Similarly, Poor knowledge of contraception increases the prevalence by 2.42 times (AOR= 2.42 CI:1.125-5.24). Also, Belief on having a large family is often seen as symbol of wealth and divine blesse is significantly associated with HRFB (AOR =2.16 CI:1.23-3.79). Conclusion; This study concluded that the prevalence of HRFB was higher. Marital status, autonomy, belief on large number of children and knowledge of contraception were identified as factors, increase health education, behavioral change education communication should be given attention to the reduction of the magnitudes as well as associated factor.
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    IN HOSPITAL OUTCOME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL FROM OCTOBER 2023 TO DECEMBER 2025: HOSPITALBASED RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) SEID YESUF
    Background: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middleincome countries, including Ethiopia. However, evidence on in-hospital treatment patterns, complications, and predictors of outcome among hospitalized stroke patients remains limited. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted with acute stroke. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, in-hospital treatment, complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of poor in-hospital outcomes. Results: A total of 236 patients admitted with acute stroke were included in the study. The mean age was 62.1 ± 13.7 years, with a slight male predominance (51.7%). Hypertension (67.8%) was the most common risk factor, and most patients presented late after symptom onset. Ischemic stroke accounted for 59.3% of cases. Overall, 41.1% of patients experienced a poor outcome, including clinical deterioration (28.0%) and death (12.3%). In multivariable analysis, moderate to severe impairment of consciousness at admission (AOR = 6.98; p < 0.001), higher admission RBS (AOR = 2.26; p = 0.032), renal dysfunction (AOR = 2.87; p = 0.016), delayed blood pressure management (AOR = 2.89; p = 0.041), and prolonged hospital stay (AOR 3.12; p = 0.008) were independent predictors Conclusion: Poor in-hospital outcomes among stroke patients remain substantial. Admission neurological status and random blood sugar, renal dysfunction, delayed blood pressure management, and prolonged hospitalization are key associated factors of adverse outcomes, highlighting the need for early risk stratification and comprehensive inpatient care in resource-limited settings
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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED TO SURGICAL WARD OF WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA.
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr Abel Woldegiorgis
    Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are defined as infections apparent within 30 days of an operative procedure and a year if prosthetic implant is used. Globally, surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most commonly encountered complications after surgery(1). No study, on SSI, had been done in Wolkite university comprehensive specialized hospital (WUCSH). Therefore, this study was intended to determine the magnitude and associated factors of surgical site infections among patients admitted to surgical ward of WUCSH. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 168 files of patients who had been operated and admitted to surgical ward during the study period. Collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Binary logistic regression test was done to determine the relationship of SSIs and risk factors. Results were presented in tables and charts. Results: A total of 984 patients underwent both emergency and elective surgeries during the study period. The magnitude of SSI was 14.9% (95% CI: 9.9-21.2). Age of the patient (AOR 1.45(95%CI: 1.09-1.93), contaminated wound class (AOR 3.09, 95%CI 1.09-8.78), presence of surgical drain (AOR 8.13: 95%CI: 2.41-27.39) longer postop stay (AOR 1.29, 95%CI1.08-1.54) and high number of people in the OR (AOR 3.28, 95%CI 1.35-7.93) were found statistically significant risk factors. Surgical drain being the strongest risk factor. Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude of SSI was generally high. The risk factors associated with SSI were: older age of the patient, contaminated wound, use of surgical drain, prolonged postoperative hospital stay and presence of large number of people in OR during the procedure. It is advisable for the hospital to have a standardized protocol to use a surgical drain and strictly monitor OR traffic and early safe discharge of patients to reduce surgical site infection rates.
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    MAGNITUDE AND FACTORS INFLUENCINGOPTIMALESCALATION OF GUIDELINE-DIRECTED MEDICALTHERAPYAMONG CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITHREDUCEDEJECTION FRACTION IN COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITALSOFCENTRAL ETHIOPIAN REGION, ETHIOPIA. A CROSS SECTIONALSTUDY.
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. ABDULFETAH ABDULHAKIM
    and dose optimization of GDMT remain sub-optimal inmanylowresource settings. This study assessed the magnitude and factors influencing optimal escalationof GDMT among HFrEF patients in comprehensive hospitals of Central Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed-methods, institution-based cross-sectional study was conductedamongadultHFrEF patients attending medical referral clinics in selected comprehensive hospitals in Central Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected from 93 patients using structured tools andanalyzedwith SPSS version 23. multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associatedwith GDMT optimization. In parallel, key informant interviews were conducted withcliniciansand pharmacists, and facility observations were performed to explore system-level barriers. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: Although most patients received at least one component of GDMT, noneachieve doptimal beta-blocker dosing, and 63% were taking less than 25%of the recommended target dose. Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) was verylimited. On multivariable analysis, higher systolic blood pressure (AOR = 1.047, 95%CI: 1.003–1.093), the absence of community-based health insurance (CBHI) (AOR = 0.288, 95%CI: 0.091–0.915),and longer duration of heart failure (AOR = 1.572, 95% CI: 1.055–2.344) were independently associated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) use. No significant predictors were identified for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and SGLT2I escalation. Qualitative findings revealed limited availability of GDMT medications, lack of training onheart failure management, absence of local guidelines and protocols, high patient load, and supply chain and insurance-related constraints as major barriers to optimization. Conclusion: Optimal escalation of GDMT among HFrEF patients in Central Ethiopiai markedly sub-optimal, particularly for beta-blockers and newer therapies. System-level and provider-level barriers, rather than patient factors, predominantly limit implementation. Strengthening drug supply systems, clinical guidelines, provider training, and alongside improving the effectiveness of CBHI, is essential to translate evidence-based recommendations into improved patient outcomes.
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    MAGNITUDE OF ADVERSE EARLY NEONATAL OUTCOMES AND IT’S ASSOCIATED FACRORS AFTER EMERGENCY CESAREAN DELIVERY AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, CERS, ETHIOPIA, 2026: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) ADANE HABTE BEREKA
    Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality after cesarean delivery varies with the type of cesarean delivery and is greater for neonates delivered by emergency cesarean delivery than elective counterparts. Early neonatal outcomes after cesarean section are influenced by preoperative and intraoperative feto-maternal factors, most of which are preventable. However, evidence from the study area is limited. Objective: amid to assess magnitude of adverse early neonatal outcomes and associated factors after emergency cesarean delivery at Wolkite University comprehensive specialized Hospital, Central Ethiopia. Method: Institution based retrospective study was conducted among 270 emergency cesarean deliveries. Data were collected using a structured checklist and entered to Epi data 4.2 and was exported to STATA version 17 for data analysis. Modified Poisson regression with robust SE was employed to identify factors with the outcome. Significance level was obtained using adjusted relative risk (ARR) with 95% CI and p value < 0.05. Result: Overall, 89 (32.96%: CI; 27.6%-38.81%) of the newborns experienced early neonatal adverse outcomes. Moreover, placental-related hemorrhage (ARR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.15; p = 0.004) and second stage of labor during C/S decision (ARR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.22–1.70; p < 0.001) were associated with early neonatal adverse outcome related to emergency C/S. Conclusion: In the current study, one-third of early neonatal adverse outcomes were associated with emergency cesarean section (CS). Placental-related hemorrhage and cesarean delivery performed during the second stage of labor were significantly associated with early neonatal adverse outcomes following emergency CS. These findings highlight the need for timely identification and management of placental complications and careful decision-making regarding the timing of cesarean delivery to improve neonatal outcomes.
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    MAGNITUDE OF ADVERSE EARLY NEONATAL OUTCOMES AND IT’S ASSOCIATED FACRORS AFTER EMERGENCY CESAREAN DELIVERY AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, CERS, ETHIOPIA, 2026: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) ADANE HABTE BEREKA
    Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality after cesarean delivery varies with the type of cesarean delivery and is greater for neonates delivered by emergency cesarean delivery than elective counterparts. Early neonatal outcomes after cesarean section are influenced by preoperative and intraoperative feto-maternal factors, most of which are preventable. However, evidence from the study area is limited. Objective: amid to assess magnitude of adverse early neonatal outcomes and associated factors after emergency cesarean delivery at Wolkite University comprehensive specialized Hospital, Central Ethiopia. Method: Institution based retrospective study was conducted among 270 emergency cesarean deliveries. Data were collected using a structured checklist and entered to Epi data 4.2 and was exported to STATA version 17 for data analysis. Modified Poisson regression with robust SE was employed to identify factors with the outcome. Significance level was obtained using adjusted relative risk (ARR) with 95% CI and p value < 0.05. Result: Overall, 89 (32.96%: CI; 27.6%-38.81%) of the newborns experienced early neonatal adverse outcomes. Moreover, placental-related hemorrhage (ARR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.15; p = 0.004) and second stage of labor during C/S decision (ARR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.22–1.70; p < 0.001) were associated with early neonatal adverse outcome related to emergency C/S. Conclusion: In the current study, one-third of early neonatal adverse outcomes were associated with emergency cesarean section (CS). Placental-related hemorrhage and cesarean delivery performed during the second stage of labor were significantly associated with early neonatal adverse outcomes following emergency CS. These findings highlight the need for timely identification and management of placental complications and careful decision-making regarding the timing of cesarean delivery to improve neonatal outcomes.
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    MAGNITUDE OF FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS VISITING OUT PATENT DEPARTMENT AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-08) DADITU TAYE; MOHAMED ABDO; ELIAS LEGASU; Mr. HAIMANOT.A
    Background: Functional dyspepsia is a prevalent condition with symptoms that originate in the upper abdomen area, both in the general population and in clinical settings. The magnitude of functional dyspepsia and its contributing variables vary from nation to nation. It is most common gastrointestinal disease in developing countries. However, had not been widely used in routine medical practice because the concept of functional dyspepsia is relatively new and not widely recognized, usually missed in the diagnosis. The magnitude of functional dyspepsia in Ethiopia is not well known and limited researches has been conducted about it in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess the magnitude of functional dyspepsia and its associated factors among adults visiting outpatient department at Wolkite University Specialized teaching hospital: 2023 G.C. Method: Institution based cross-sectional study design was utilized and the 254 participants were interviewed using both self-administered and interviewer administered structured questionnaires and they were selected using consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected, sorted by group members then entered into EPI data version 3.4 software, and exported to statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 27 software packages for further analysis. The association between each independent variable and the dependent was determined using binary logistic regression. In a multivariable analysis, variables wereconsidered statistically significant if they had a P-value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.RESULT: A total of 254 patients participated in this study with 100% response rate. Functional dyspepsia was diagnosis in76(29.9%), by using R3DQ. In multivariate regressionanalysis, occupation (AOR:0.281,95%CI (0.11-0.721)), drugs (A0R:3.624,95%CI (1.915-6.856)), smoking (AOR:3.181,95%CI (1.498,6.758) and drinking alcohol (AOR: 0.36(0.14-0.97), were significantly associated with functional dyspepsia at p-value (≤0.05).Conclusions and Recommendations: The result of this study show that functionaldyspepsia was associated with a variety of factors. Functional dyspepsia could be prevented by working on lifestyle habits modification and giving more attention towards drug user.
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    Magnitude of Hypertension and Associated Factors among Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus- infected Patients Receiving Anti retroviral therapy at Gurage zone selected public Hospitals, SNNPR, Ethiopi
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-08) Zebiba Nejib; Ketema Debele; Abdlkerim Mohamed
    Background: hypertension is one of the major non communicable cardiovascular disease whichHuman immunodeficiency virus infected people are at great risk. Availability of evidence on themagnitude of hypertension is vital to regularly monitor and plan programs and police to advocateinnervation; but there is no/scare scientific study on the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of hypertension and associated factoramong Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patient receiving Anti-retroviral therapyat Gurage Zone selected public hospital SNNPR Ethiopia June to July 2021G.CMethods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone from June toJuly 2021.data were collected from systematically selected 405 participants using pre-tested, interviewer administered structure questionnaire Data were entered and coded using Epi dataversion 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The assumption of the logistic regression modelwas checked using a correlation matrix and Hosmer and Lemeshow tests. Bivariate andmultivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Result: In the present study, the prevalence of hypertension among human immunodeficiencyvirus-positive adult who received antiretroviral therapy was found to be 13.1 % (95% CI: 9.9- 16.5). Age group greater than 45 years participants were 2.17(AOR= 2.17, 95%CI: 1.10-4.26), were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: In the current study, the magnitude of hypertension was low among HIV positiveadult. Therefore, sustained educating about the use of life style change, counselling the uses ofphysical activity, promoting to have proportional body weight reduction and intervention in thissituation are highly recommende