College of Medicine and Health Sceinces
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College of Medicine and Health Sceinces
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Item PREVALENCE OF PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. KEFELE DESTAPreterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a common obstetric complication associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of PPROM among 199 pregnant mothers admitted to Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Central Ethiopia, from December 2025 to January 2026. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic random sampling. Data collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and chart reviews were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The overall prevalence of PPROM was 11.6% (95% CI: 7.1–16.1). Factors significantly associated with PPROM included a history of abortions (AOR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.725–18.921), urinary tract infection (AOR=4.3, 95% CI: 1.074–17.4), a history of vaginal bleeding in the current pregnancy (AOR=18.07, 95% CI: 3.7–87), and residing in rural areas (AOR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.18–10.61). The prevalence of PPROM in this setting is high. To mitigate this burden, the hospital should transition toward universal, laboratorybased screening for infections and provide intensified surveillance for mothers with high-risk obstetric histories.Item CLINICAL OUTCOME OF COMPLICATED MALARIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS DIAGNOSED WITH MALARIA AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALISED TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.(wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr.ABDULFETAH NUREDINBackground: Malaria is a major public health problem and a life-threatening parasitic infection, particularly among immunologically naive children who are highly vulnerable to severe complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes and factors associated with severe malaria among children under five diagnosed at WUCSRH in a retrospective study. Methods: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing medical records and logbooks of children under five diagnosed with malaria. A total of 427 children were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, cleaned, coded, entered into SPSS, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results were presented in narrative form and tables. Results: Of the 427 children, 190 (44.5%) had severe malaria. The most frequent complications were severe anemia 114 (26.7%), seizures 40 (9.4%), prostration 20 (4.7%), cerebral malaria 10 (2.3%), acute kidney injury 4 (0.9%), and hypoglycemia 2 (0.5%). Treatment outcomes showed that 177 (41.9%) were discharged improved, 1 (0.2%) referred, 7 (1.6%) left against medical advice, and 3 (0.7%) died. Season of presentation, duration of illness, and patient residence were independently associated with severe malaria. Children presenting in spring had lower odds of severe malaria compared to summer (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.10–0.55). Delayed presentation of 2–7 days increased the risk of severe malaria (AOR = 44.62; 95% CI: 23.01–86.53; p < 0.001), while children living near the health acility had lower odds (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.57; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Severe malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five. Early healthcare seeking, improved access to health facilities, and preventive measures are essential to reduce its burden and improve outcomes in endemic areasItem TIME TO DISCHARGE AND ITS PREDICTORS AMONGCHILDRENAGED 6 - 59 MONTHS WITH SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITIONADMITTED TO THE THERAPEUTIC FEEDINGCENTERATWOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITALINSTITUITIONBASED RETROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY, 2026(wolkite University, 2026-06) D/r SHEMSU WORKUBACKGROUND: Under nutrition is a major public health concern, especially in low-incomesettings. It includes wasting and nutritional edema, stunting and underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Undernourished children, particularly those with severe acute malnutrition, haveahigher risk of death from common childhood illness. Children with severe acute malnutritionhave a nine-fold risk of mortality compared to well-nourished children hence the need for appropriate management. While the treatment of severe acute malnutrition is well established, achieving desired outcomes has proven to be challenging. OBJECTIVES: To assess the time to discharge and its predictors among children aged 6- 59months with SAM admitted to the therapeutic feeding center at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital (WUSH) ,Wolkite, Central Ethiopia from June 1, 2020 - May 31,2025. METHOD: Institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted in Wolkite University Specialized Hospital among children aged 6 - 59 months admitted to inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Center from June 1, 2020 - May 31, 2025. Participants were selected using computer generated random numbers. Time to discharge from inpatient treatment was estimated usingKaplan-Meier procedure and Log rank test was used to test observed difference between covariates. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis model was used to identify predictor of time to discharge. RESULTS: The discharge rate was 75.8% and the median time to discharge from stabilizationcenter was 14.00 days with 95%: CI (13.35,14.65). Children who were transferred-in fromother health facilities and return from default, Hospital acquired infections, presence of de hydrationand who had vaccinated fully were predictors of time to discharge from stabilization center. CONCLUSIONS: The median time to discharge and the discharge rate fromstabilizationcenterwere within the SPHERE of standards.Transferred-in from other facilities ,return fromdefault , Hospital acquired infections , dehydration were significant predictors of time to discharge.Item PREVALENCE OF MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6-23 MONTHS, IN WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA, 2026(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. BINIYAM GESSESEBackground: Dietary diversity is a key of high-quality diets and an important indicator of appropriate complementary feeding. Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is defined as the consumption of foods from at least five of the eight recommended food groups within a 24- hour period. Globally, only a small proportion of children receive nutritionally adequate and diversified diets, and more than two-thirds of malnutrition-related child deaths are linked to inappropriate feeding practices during the first two years of life. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months remains low. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of minimum dietary diversity practice and identify associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Wolkite Town, Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity and identify associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Wolkite Town, Ethiopia, 2026. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to January 30/ 2026 among 192 children aged 6–23 months selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on World Health Organization infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators by google forms. Data were cleaned in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Bivariable logistic regression identified candidate variables (p < 0.25) for multivariable analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of minimum dietary diversity was 26.6%. The most commonly consumed food groups were grains, roots, tubers, and plantains (90.6%) and legumes, nuts, and seeds (72.9%). Maternal postnatal care attendance (AOR = 9.96; 95% CI: 4.74–20.93) and adequate maternal knowledge of IYCF (AOR = 6.07; 95% CI: 2.06–17.83) were significantly associated with achieving minimum dietary diversity. Children born with a birth interval of less than two years were significantly less likely to receive diversified diets (AOR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03–0.66). Conclusion: Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months in Wolkite Town remains low. Maternal knowledge of IYCF, postnatal care utilization, and optimal birth spacing play critical roles in improving dietary diversity.Item ASTHMA CONTROL STATUS AND ASSSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ON FOLLOW-UP AT PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN GURAGHE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. AKMEL MOHAMEDBackground: Asthma is a major health challenge globally where majority of the patients have uncontrolled disease status. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, one of the goals of asthma management is to achieve clinical control. Despite good understanding of therapeutic regimens, there is evidence for suboptimal asthma control in many patients. However, there is limited local evidence on the magnitude of uncontrolled asthma and its associated factors in our setting. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess level of poor asthma control and associated factors among asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among clinically diagnosed asthmatic patients who were consecutively enrolled from follow up clinic at public hospital in Gurage zone. Data were collected using a interviewer-administered questionnaire and asthma control was assessed based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between independent factors and uncontrolled asthma. A variables with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.05 declared as having significant association. Result: Among the 283 study participants, the mean age was 53 ± 14 years, and the median duration of asthma was 9 ± 7 years. Out of total participants,74.9% (212/283) had uncontrolled asthma. Uncontrolled asthma was significantly associated with variables including salbutamol use as rescue medication (AOR = 5.18; 95% CI: 2.21–12.18), poor pMDI technique (AOR = 12.35; 95% CI: 3.54–43.06), presence of comorbid disease (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.41–7.26), longer asthma duration (>6–30 years) (AOR = 11.3; 95% CI: 6.2–20.6), illiteracy (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.12–5.62)and lack of regular physician follow-up (AOR 11.65 (2.97– 45.79)) were significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly three fourth of asthma patient at follow up had uncontrolled asthma. Poor inhaler technique, inadequate follow-up, longer disease duration, comorbid conditions, and lower educational status were factors associated with it. Therefore, promoting regular follow up, strengthening patient centered counseling particularly for patients with comorbidities and low educational status would help control asthmaItem NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE,PRACTICE,AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN PEDIATRIC PAIN MANAGEMENT AT SELECTED PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGION, 2026(wolkite University, 2026-06) D/r Akmel AhmedBackground: ‘Pain is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience that is linked to or characterized as actual or possible tissue damage.According to national studies and preliminary observations with nursing staff at public Hospitals of central Ethiopia region variability in pain assessment practice and knowledge reliance on subjective judgment rather than standardized tools.Pediatric pain is not properly assessed and managed despite the presence of pain management guidelines. Objective: To assess nurses’ knowledge, practice, and associated factors in pediatric pain management at selected public Hospitals of Central Ethiopia Region,2026. Methods: An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study were done, simple random sampling method was used, and a total of 420 Nurses were included from selected public Hospitals. Data were collected from January 1–30, 2026, after permission is obtained from the ethical review commites of Wolkite univeresty .Data was collected by 8 health officers. After data collection, it was coded and then entered into the Epi Data Version 4.1 software, and then it was analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 27 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were done to identify factors that were associated with knowledge and practice of pediatric pain management of nurses. Results :-Out of 403 participants more than half (64.4%) of nurses had Good knowledge and only 43.2 % of participants had good practice.Those nurses who had training after graduation,nurses working in pediatric ward and experience in nursing were significant associated factors. Conclusions:-Nurses working at central Ethiopia region comprehensive specialized hosipitals were 64.4% good knwldege and 43.2% practice . Therefore the findings of this study suggest that Much work is expected to be done to improve their Knowledge and practice towards pediatrics pain management.Item UTILIZATION AND DETERMINANTS OF PRECONCEPTION CARE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE IN WOLKITE TOWN, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2026.(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. ADDIS GEBRUBackground: Preconception care (PCC) improves maternal and neonatal outcomes by addressing health risks before pregnancy, yet utilization remains low in Ethiopia. This study assessed PCC utilization and determinant factors among pregnant women in Wolkite town. Methods: A multi-centered institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 728 pregnant women attending antenatal care from December 2025 to January 2026. Multi-staged Systematic Random sampling and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed with SPSS using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (AOR, 95% CI). Results: Magnitude of PCC utilization was 21.4% (95% CI: 17.5%–25.3%). Advanced maternal age >35 years (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.75–4.42), Higher education (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.85– 4.05), Employed women (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.33–2.92), Higher income (>20,000 ETB/month) (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI: 3.12–13.04; P < 0.001), Good Knowledge (AOR = 16.5; 95% CI: 9.2–29.6), Preexisting medical conditions (AOR = 12.8; 95% CI: 6.7–24.5), Contraceptive use (AOR = 13.2; 95% CI: 8.1–21.6), Husband support, and Residence within 30 minutes of a health facility were independent predictors of PCC utilization. Conclusion: PCC uptake in Wolkite town is low due to limited awareness and access barriers. Enhancing community education, integrating PCC into routine reproductive services, strengthening facility readiness, and promoting male partner involvement are essential to improve maternal and neonatal health.Item ADHERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON FOLLOW UP AT GURAGHE ZONE HOSPITALS,CENTRAL ETHIOPIA NOV-DEC,2025(wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr.DANIEL FUJAGABackground: Optimal blood pressure control depends largely on patients’ adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications. However, medication non-adherence continues to be a major challenge. In Ethiopia, although several studies have examined antihypertensive medication adherence, findings on associated factors vary, and evidence from Guraghe Zone hospitals is lacking. Method: A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November-1 to December-30, 2025 in three selected Hospitals of Guraghe Zone. A simple random sampling technique was used to select hospitals and study subjects were proportionally allocated. A total of 368 adult hypertensive patients on follow-up who visit during the study period were consecutively enrolled until the required sample attained. Medication adherence was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.7 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done at a 95% confidence interval (CI). A variable with a P-value 4.33) and duration of antihypertensive treatment for less than five years (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10–0.94). Conclusion: Adherence to antihypertensive medication was found to be suboptimal. This study identified place of residence, educational level, blood pressure control status, use of health insurance coverage and duration of hypertension treatment as independent predictors of medication adherence. Therefore targeted counseling more focusing on first years of therapy and strengthening health insurance coverage is recommendedItem MAGNITUDE OF MATERNITY WAITING HOME UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN WHO GAVE BIRTH WITHIN 12 MONTHS BEFORE SURVEY IN GETA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIAN,2025(wolkite University, 2026-06) CHERU BIREGAIntroduction: Maternity waiting homes are a cost-effective approach to ensure safer deliveries and healthier mothers and babies. It is important to enhance accessibility of healthcare services, by closing the gap between remote communities and medical facilities, an ensuring timely access to skilled birth attendance. In Sub-Saharan Africa, close to 30% of women with proper ANC follow-up ended up delivering at home. The types of waiting homes and their capacity to accommodate clients differed across regions in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the magnitude of maternity waiting home Utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth within 12 months prior to the survey in rural kebeles of Geta district Gurage zone, Central Ethiopian. 2025 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to determine the extent of maternity waiting home utilization and its associated factors among women who gave birth within 12 months prior the survey in Geta district. A simple random sampling method was used to extract 365 samples from six rural kebeles from July 1 up to 30/2025. The data was collected through face-to-face interview by using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Then it was entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for cleaning, coding, and analysis. And major analysis of data was conducted with binary logistic regression model Results: 365 mothers who had given birth in the last year were successfully interviewed. Out of the total study participants, 131 study participants (36%) mothers with the 95%CI of (31.0 _40.8) utilized maternity waiting home. ANC follow up (AOR = 9.001, 95% CI: 2.407,33.662, p = 0.001), maternal age 25-35yrs (AOR =20.1, 95% CI: 3.765,107.41, p = 0.001),no access to transportation facilities (AOR =57, 95% CI: 14.607,225.608, p = 0.000), multigravida 95%CI AOR =7.728 (1.692,35.293), maternal occupation being merchants were AOR= 12.787 , 95% CI: (3.193,51.207), women whose husbands were farmers With AOR= 22.9 with 95% CI of (4.912,106.767) p = 0.001, were identified as independent predictors of maternity waiting utilization Conclusion Overall, maternity waiting home utilization accounted for 36% of the study population, which is predicted with ANC follow up, maternal age, maternal gravidity, maternal and husband occupation. Therefore, enhancing maternity waiting home utilization may require expanding strategic approachesItem MAGNITUDE OF ADVERSE EARLY NEONATAL OUTCOMES AND IT’S ASSOCIATED FACRORS AFTER EMERGENCY CESAREAN DELIVERY AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, CERS, ETHIOPIA, 2026: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY(wolkite University, 2026-06) ADANE HABTE BEREKABackground: Neonatal morbidity and mortality after cesarean delivery varies with the type of cesarean delivery and is greater for neonates delivered by emergency cesarean delivery than elective counterparts. Early neonatal outcomes after cesarean section are influenced by preoperative and intraoperative feto-maternal factors, most of which are preventable. However, evidence from the study area is limited. Objective: amid to assess magnitude of adverse early neonatal outcomes and associated factors after emergency cesarean delivery at Wolkite University comprehensive specialized Hospital, Central Ethiopia. Method: Institution based retrospective study was conducted among 270 emergency cesarean deliveries. Data were collected using a structured checklist and entered to Epi data 4.2 and was exported to STATA version 17 for data analysis. Modified Poisson regression with robust SE was employed to identify factors with the outcome. Significance level was obtained using adjusted relative risk (ARR) with 95% CI and p value < 0.05. Result: Overall, 89 (32.96%: CI; 27.6%-38.81%) of the newborns experienced early neonatal adverse outcomes. Moreover, placental-related hemorrhage (ARR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.15; p = 0.004) and second stage of labor during C/S decision (ARR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.22–1.70; p < 0.001) were associated with early neonatal adverse outcome related to emergency C/S. Conclusion: In the current study, one-third of early neonatal adverse outcomes were associated with emergency cesarean section (CS). Placental-related hemorrhage and cesarean delivery performed during the second stage of labor were significantly associated with early neonatal adverse outcomes following emergency CS. These findings highlight the need for timely identification and management of placental complications and careful decision-making regarding the timing of cesarean delivery to improve neonatal outcomes.