GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.

Abstract

Background: Poor glycemic control is a major public health issue among patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus and it is a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications. Numerous studieshave documented the importance of glycemic control and the factors that influence it. However; as of the studies done previously in Ethiopia the result are wide in terms of magnitude and its determinants. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and its determinant factors of poor glycemic control among type 2diabetes patients public hospitals of Gurage zone, central Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 316 patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus attending follow-up clinics at public hospitals in the Gurage Zone from November to December 2025. Study participants were selected using a systematic probability sampling technique, andall eligible patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected through face-to-faceinterviews using a structured questionnaire and by reviewing patients’ medical charts. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics wereused to summarize the data, while bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performedto identify factors associated with glycemic control. Results: Among the 316 study participants, 216 (68.4%) had poor glycemic control and 100 (31.6%) hadgood glycemic control. Longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.73–9.80), poor medicationadherence (AOR = 7.64; 95% CI: 3.59–16.28), non-adherence to dietary recommendations (AOR = 2.55;95% CI: 1.15–5.65), and older age (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI: 2.41–16.86) were independently associated withincreased odds of poor glycemic control. Access to a health care facility was associated with reduced odds of poor glycemic control (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12–0.54). Diabetic complications, comorbidity status, and community-based health insurance were not significant in the adjusted analysis. Conclusion and Recommendations: Poor glycemic control was highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gurage Zone public hospitals. Longer duration of diabetes, poor medication and dietary adherence, older age, and who lack access to health care facilities were significant predictors of poor glycemic control. Strengthening patient education on adherence, improving access to chronic care services, and prioritizing high-risk groups are essential to improve glycemic outcomes