College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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Magnitude of Hypertension and Associated Factors among Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus- infected Patients Receiving Anti retroviral therapy at Gurage zone selected public Hospitals, SNNPR, Ethiopi
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-08) Zebiba Nejib; Ketema Debele; Abdlkerim Mohamed
Background: hypertension is one of the major non communicable cardiovascular disease whichHuman immunodeficiency virus infected people are at great risk. Availability of evidence on themagnitude of hypertension is vital to regularly monitor and plan programs and police to advocateinnervation; but there is no/scare scientific study on the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of hypertension and associated factoramong Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patient receiving Anti-retroviral therapyat Gurage Zone selected public hospital SNNPR Ethiopia June to July 2021G.CMethods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone from June toJuly 2021.data were collected from systematically selected 405 participants using pre-tested, interviewer administered structure questionnaire Data were entered and coded using Epi dataversion 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The assumption of the logistic regression modelwas checked using a correlation matrix and Hosmer and Lemeshow tests. Bivariate andmultivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Result: In the present study, the prevalence of hypertension among human immunodeficiencyvirus-positive adult who received antiretroviral therapy was found to be 13.1 % (95% CI: 9.9- 16.5). Age group greater than 45 years participants were 2.17(AOR= 2.17, 95%CI: 1.10-4.26), were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: In the current study, the magnitude of hypertension was low among HIV positiveadult. Therefore, sustained educating about the use of life style change, counselling the uses ofphysical activity, promoting to have proportional body weight reduction and intervention in thissituation are highly recommende
NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH FEEDING AND WITHOUT FEEDING PROGRAM IN SANKURA WEREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA, 2022: COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-05) TAJUDIN NESRE
Background: Significant numbers of Ethiopian primary school students are affected by undernutrition and prone to poor academic performance. To avert such nutritional problems the government in collaboration with world food program has implemented a school feeding program. However, limited evidences exist regarding the improvement of school feeding program on nutritional status compare to non-school feeding program.Objective: To compare the nutritional status of primary school students from school with feeding program to without Feeding Program, in Sankura woreda, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.Method: A school-based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted among 472students, from May 1 - 30/2022. A multi-stage technique with proportional allocation wasapplied. A Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-Data 4.6 Software and analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutionsversion 25 software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were done. Anthropometric data were analyzed using Anthro-plus software.Result: In this study, 29% (95% CI = 25.4-33.4) and 21.6% (18.2-25.2) of students were thin among non-school feeding program and school feeding program respectively. Moreover, 19.6%(10.8-20.7) and 15.5% (12.8-18.7) of students among non-school feeding and school feedingprogram were stunted respectively. Nonetheless, 6% (3-9.1) and 5.2% (2.5-8.3) of students counted as overweight among school feeding program and non-school feeding programrespectively. Being early adolescent 2.5(1.22-5.1), being male 3.7(2.44–6.06) and students who did not take meals at school 1.6(1.03–2.49) were statistically associated with thinness. Students having a mother with no formal education 2.3(1.2–4.47) and having poor dietary diversity score1.7(1.05–2.89) were statistically associated with stunting. Students having a mother with no formal education 2.5(1.1–5.8) was statistically associated with overweight.Conclusion: Thinness was higher among schools without feeding program than schools with feeding program. But stunting and overweight were not significant difference between both types of schools. Early adolescent and male students and students who did not take meals at school; and students having a mother with no formal education and having poor dietary diversity scoresignificant factors of thinness and stunting respectively. Thus, education on diversified foods and optimal nutritional advice should be encouraged
UNDERNUTRITION AND ASSOSIATED FACTORS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS ATTENDING SCHOOL IN THE GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA: COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(Wolkite University, 2022-08) TOFIK AKMEL
Background: Nutritional status of adolescent girls has not received due attention in many developing countries including Ethiopia. However, adolescent is the second most rate of growth period regarding physical growth in life cycle after infants. Clear disparities of undernutrition between urban and rural adolescents were not well known. Therefore the objective of the study was to assess undernutrition and associated factors among rural and urban adolescent girls.Methods: A Comparative cross-sectional study design was employed to assess undernutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls attending schools in Gurage zone. Computer generated simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaires with anthropometric measurements was used. Multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables for each outcome.Results: The overall prevalence of thinness and stunting were 6.3% (95% CI: 4.8–8.0) and 8.6% (95% CI: 6.7–10.8) respectively. Thinness was 6.0% (95% CI: 3.9–8.4) and 6.4% (95% CI: 4.3–8.5) among rural and urban adolescents respectively. Likewise, stunting was 10.1% (95% CI: 7.0–13.0) in rural and 7.1% (95% CI: 4.7–9.7) in urban dwellers. Poor dietary diversity [AOR: 4.70(95% CI 1.1-19.9)] and Occurrence of diarrhea [AOR: 16.9(95% 5.-49.77] in urban and absence of hand washing [AOR: 4.0(95% CI: 1.3-12.3)] in rural were significantly associated with thinness. Poor dietary diversity [AOR: 10.07(95% CI: 3.24-31.24] and absence of waste disposal system [AOR: 3.63(95% CI: 1.07-12.24)] were significantly associated with stunting in rural adolescents.Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of thinness was nearly similar to urban and rural adolescent. Stunting was higher among rural adolescent than urban. Attention should be given from different stakeholders to focus maintaining of food varieties, creatingawareness about handwashing and waste disposal system for adolescents.
PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED TEACHING HOSPITAL, GURAGE ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA.
(Wolkite University, 2022-08) SHIMELLES BURUSIE; YAYEWSEW FANTA; YEZIHALEM DESTA
Background: Sexually transmitted infections are major public health problem especially in developing countries. They are highly prevalent among pregnant women and causes significant maternal and perinatal morbidity. Sexually transmitted infections have been shown to facilitate transmission of Human Immune Deficiency Virus. The control of sexually transmitted infections, especially in pregnancy, is thus a priority, particularly in low resource settings where they are prevalent.Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and associated factors among pregnant women who has antenatal care follow up at Wolkite UniversitySpecialized Teaching Hospital from August 15 -29, 2022 G.C.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study design was conducted to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among 251 pregnant mothers at Wolkite University Specialized Teaching Hospital antenatal care clinic from All pregnant womens of age group 15-49 who had antenatal care follow up at Wolkite University Specialized Teaching Hospital antenatal care clinic during the study time were the study population. Systematic random sampling technique was used for participant selection. Data was collected by face-to-face interview. Sexually transmitted infections were identified by symptoms, gynecological viiiexamination and laboratory analysis. The collected data was cleared, checked, entered into, preprocessed and analyzed using SPSS version 21 of the computer software. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent variables related to the outcome of interest and results was summarized using texts, graphs and tables. Results: A total of 251 pregnant women were involved in this study. From these (29) 11.55 % of pregnant women were having one or more sexually transmitted infections. From our studies, respondents with previous sexually transmitted infections has 2 times risk to develop sexually transmitted infections (adjusted odd ratio 2.07,, CI:1.40-12.7);, respondents with 2 or more partners have 4 times higher risk to develop sexually transmitted infections than respondents with single partners (adjusted odd ratio 3.88 , 95% CI: 2..48-4.50)Conclusion and recommendation: the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is 11.55 % among pregnant women and this infections may increases the risk of Human Immune Deficiency Virus transmissions and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome; there is a need for increased provision of health information concerning sexually transmitted infections to the community, educating women, screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections s in Ethiopia
MAGNITUDE OF OVER NUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA 2022: INSTITUTION BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDy
(Wolkite University, 2022-08) MELAKU GEBRE
Background: Obesity and overweight is major risk factor for its development. However, evidence on the magnitude of obesity and overweight and associated factors among hypertension patients in Ethiopia and including in study area is scarce. So, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of obesity and overweight and associated factors among hypertensive patients at Wolkite University specialized chronic care clinic. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 338 adult hypertensive patients who are on follow up at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital from May to November 2022 using interviewer-administered questionnaires. The dietary consumption data was collected by using a validated and reliable qualitative food frequency questionnaire over a one-week period to capture usual consumption patterns. Information from participants on sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and other factors was also collected. The data was entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median and frequency tables were computed. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression factors associated with over nutrition. The strength of the association between independent variables and outcome variables was measured by using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 331, (98%) were included, with an overall prevalence of over nutrition of 27% (95% CI: 24.1–29.2), 22.5% had overweight and 4.5% had obesity. Being female (AOR =3.32; 95% CI: 1.65-6.63), eating cereals and legumes (AOR =3.20; 95% CI: 1.67-6.10), eating vegetables and fruits (AOR = 6.26; 95% CI: 3.76–10.41), and living in an urban area (AOR =3.4; 95% CI: 2.5-4.7) were significantly associated with over nutrition. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed high prevalence of overweight/obesity among study participants .Study was found that eating habit of vegetables and fruits, cereals and legumes, sex and residence were significantly associated with overweight and obesity
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERNUTRITION AMONG ADULT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN GURAGE ZONE SOUTHERN, ETHIOPIA.
(Wolkite University, 2022-08) Yibeltal Bereket
Background- Undernutrition and tuberculosis (TB) are interconnected in a complex relationship. There is a high prevalence of undernutrition among adult tuberculosis patients worldwide, specifically in developing countries including Ethiopia. Tuberculosis causes undernutrition through raised metabolic demands, by decreasing nutritional intake and by decreasing necessary immune functions. Therefore this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among adult tuberculosis patients in Gurage zone southern, Ethiopia.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Public Hospital and Health centers of Gurage zone from April-May 2022. A total of 257 tuberculosis patients participated in the study. The outcome variable, undernutrition, was determined by using Body Mass Index(BMI). Interviewer administered structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and patients‟ document review were done. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with undernutrition. Crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and P-values < 0.05 were employed to declare the significance and strength of association.Results: A total of 257 TB patients with a mean age of 34 were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of undernutrition was 40%, (95% CI: 34.1-45.9). The odds of undernutrition werehigher among tuberculosis patients with family size of greater than five (AOR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.0-3.9), being a rural place of residence (AOR= 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6), not obtain dietary counseling(AOR=3.8, 95% CI: 2.0-7.2) and not provided nutrition support and care (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.5-5.4).Conclusion: The magnitude of undernutrition was found to be high. Having an extended and large family size, place of residence, lack of nutrition support and care, and did not receive dietary counseling were the factors independently associated with undernutrition of tuberculosispatients. The nutritional derangement could call for fast nutritional intervention in the management of tuberculosis patients. Regular nutritional screening and management should be strengthened.
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF CLINICAL VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AMONG PRESCHOOL AGED CHILDREN IN CHEHA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-05) Mr. Abdu oumer ; Abdilwahid Nuredin (BSc)
Background: The clinical manifestation of vitamin A deficiency involves night blindness, bitot spot conjunctiva and corneal xerosis, corneal ulcer and scar. It is the most important causes of preventable childhood blindness, especially in children and pregnant women. Even though, Ethiopia has periodically delivered a high-potency vitamin A supplementation program clinicalvitamin A deficiency is still remains as a major public health problemObjective: To assess the prevalence of clinical vitamin A deficiency and associated factors among preschool children in Cheha district Southern Ethiopia, 2023Method: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 15, 2023 G.C. The desired preschool children of age 36-59 months were selected using systematic random sampling. A structured and pretested questionnaire along with clinical observation for signs of Vitamin A deficiency traced by trained clinicians was used to collect the data. In addition, WHO Anthro plus software was used to calculate Z-scores of the height for age, weight for height and weight for age indices. The data was exported to SPSS version 22 and descriptive statistics was done. A bi-variable logistic analysis was done and variables which have statistical significant association with the outcome variable were selec ted for multivariable analysis. Finally, the result was presented by texts, tables and figures.Result; A total of 411 children were screened for clinical vitamin A deficiency where the overall prevalence in the study area was 2.2%. The odd of clinical VAD was 81% lower among children who were received vitamin A supplementation, AOR =0.19, 95% CI (0.038-0.918). In other hand the Preschool children with mother who had attended ANC visits had 89 % less likely to develop clinical VAD. (AOR=0.11, 95%CI: (0.022-0.529). In addition the study revealed that the odds of developing clinical VAD is 82 % lower among preschool children aged from 36 to 47 months (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: (0.033-0.974).Conclusion and recommendation; the overall prevalence of clinical vitamin A deficiency in this study area was 2.2 %. ANC visit of the mother, vitamin A supplementation status, and age of the child were factors that determine clinical vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A supplementation for the preschool children and ANC visit of the pregnant mother should be strengthened
MAGNITUDE OF FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS VISITING OUT PATENT DEPARTMENT AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-08) DADITU TAYE; MOHAMED ABDO; ELIAS LEGASU; Mr. HAIMANOT.A
Background: Functional dyspepsia is a prevalent condition with symptoms that originate in the upper abdomen area, both in the general population and in clinical settings. The magnitude of functional dyspepsia and its contributing variables vary from nation to nation. It is most common gastrointestinal disease in developing countries. However, had not been widely used in routine medical practice because the concept of functional dyspepsia is relatively new and not widely recognized, usually missed in the diagnosis. The magnitude of functional dyspepsia in Ethiopia is not well known and limited researches has been conducted about it in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess the magnitude of functional dyspepsia and its associated factors among adults visiting outpatient department at Wolkite University Specialized teaching hospital: 2023 G.C. Method: Institution based cross-sectional study design was utilized and the 254 participants were interviewed using both self-administered and interviewer administered structured questionnaires and they were selected using consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected, sorted by group members then entered into EPI data version 3.4 software, and exported to statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 27 software packages for further analysis. The association between each independent variable and the dependent was determined using binary logistic regression. In a multivariable analysis, variables wereconsidered statistically significant if they had a P-value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.RESULT: A total of 254 patients participated in this study with 100% response rate. Functional dyspepsia was diagnosis in76(29.9%), by using R3DQ. In multivariate regressionanalysis, occupation (AOR:0.281,95%CI (0.11-0.721)), drugs (A0R:3.624,95%CI (1.915-6.856)), smoking (AOR:3.181,95%CI (1.498,6.758) and drinking alcohol (AOR: 0.36(0.14-0.97), were significantly associated with functional dyspepsia at p-value (≤0.05).Conclusions and Recommendations: The result of this study show that functionaldyspepsia was associated with a variety of factors. Functional dyspepsia could be prevented by working on lifestyle habits modification and giving more attention towards drug user.
ASSESSMENT OF COLOSTRUM FEEDING PRACTICE & ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG LACTATING MOTHERS IN SODO WOREDA, GURAGE ZONE SNNPR REGION, ETHIOPIA 2023.
(Wolkite University, 2024-01-30) TESFAYE BIRHANU G/MARIAM
Background: Colostrum is yellow to orange colored milk produced during the first few days ofdelivery and rich in nutrients and antibodies that have great role in health of the newborn baby.Despite the World Health Organization recommends that every newborn baby has to feed breastmilk with colostrum soon after delivery, poor colostrum feeding practice is still a common problem in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to assess colostrum feeding practicesand associated factors among mothers having less than 12 months age in Sodo Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNPR Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study designsupplemented by qualitative study was conducted from June 2023 to July 2023 among 352mothers of infants selected by systematic random sampling technique. The data were collecte dusing structured questionnaire, FGD & KII by semi structured guiding questionnaire. Descriptive analysis like frequency, percentage, & mean were performed. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify associated factors. Variables with p-value <0.05with 95% confidence interval identified statistically significant. Data was entered in Epi-dataversion 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24.0 for further analysis. Bivariable and multivari ablebinary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the pertinent variables. Adjustedodds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and P-value <0.05 were considered to indicate asignificant statistical association. Results: Two hundred eighty three, 80.1%, with (95%, CI:0.758, 0.841) of lactating mothers good practiced of colostrum feeding, with among those respondents with good knowledge (88.1%) ((AOR=2.98 times [95% CI: 1.49, 5.94]) more likelyhad good colostrum feeding practice & mothers with good attitude (84.4%) ((AOR=7.16 times[95% CI: 3.834, 13.39]) more likely had good practice of colostrum. Mothers of infantscounseled on timely initiation of colostrum feeding during ANC (AOR =3.01[(95% CI: 1.20-7.53])) & postnatal care within the first 2-3 days (AOR = 8[(95% CI: 2.61-26.07])) were positively associated with good colostrum practice. Mothers living in urban have (AOR= 5[(95%CI: 2.4-10.41])) have better practice of colostrum. Mothers having history of multiparty (AOR=2[(95% CI: 1.18-4.34])) had good colostrum feeding practice. Mothers having frequent history ofANC visit had more likely to practice colostrum feeding (AOR=2.64 [(95% CI: 1.15-6.08])). Institutional delivery (AOR=5[(95% CI: 1.77-14.502]) had significantly associated.Conclusion: My study shows that two hundred eighty three, 80.1% of lactating mothers had good practice of colostrum feeding and which shows about 20% of mothers still did not feedxcolostrum to their newborn. Counseling on timely initiation colostrum feeding during ANC visits, residency, partner educational status, having information about colostrum, having goodknowledge & favorable attitude towards colostrum feeding practice were significantly associated with practice of colostrum feeding. However, lack of counseling on the importance colostrumfeeding to the neonate, home delivery to their neonate, and lack of information about colostrumfeeding were the factors negatively affecting the practices of colostrum feeding. Strengtheningeducation on timely initiation of breastfeeding during antenatal care, Sustaining awarenesscreation strategies and approaches were suggested for the improvement of the nutritional valueof colostrum and its health welfare for new born babies
MAGNITUDE OF MALARIA, ASSOCIATED FACTORS, AND ITS EFFECTS ON COAGULATION AND HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILES AMONG ADULT PATIENTS AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED TEACHING HOSPITAL, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(Wolkite University, 2025-01-30) ABEBE MINUTA
Background: Malaria remains a significant global health issue, affecting hematologicaland coagulation profiles. Though there have been many studies on the magnitude ofmalaria and its associated factors worldwide, studies are limited in this study area.Objective: To assess the prevalence of malaria associated factors, and its effects oncoagulation and hematological profiles among adult patients at Wolkite UniversitySpecialized Teaching Hospital from February to April 2024.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 286 malaria suspected patients wasconducted using a consecutive sampling technique. Data on sociodemographic, clinicalhistory were collected using a structured questionnaire. Coagulation profile analysisusing Urit 610 coagulometer, hematology profile analysis using a Zybio Z30 hematologyanalyzer, and blood film microscopy. Data was entered into EpiData 3.1 and transferredto SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regression, the Mann-Whitney U test, andreceiver operating characteristic were employed to analyze the data. Statisticalsignificance was set at a p-value of less than or equal to 0.05.Results: The prevalence of malaria was 41 (14.3%). Risk factors included a history ofmalaria (AOR = 3.724, 95% CI: 1.316-10.537), stagnant water near homes (AOR =4.118, 95% CI: 1.801-9.413), and nighttime outdoor exposure (AOR = 4.505, 95% CI:1.677-12.106). Travel history (AOR = 3.365, 95% CI: 1.238-9.146) increased infectionrisk, while insecticide-treated net use was significantly protective (AOR = 6.208, 95%CI: 2.380-16.191). Malaria-infected patients exhibited prolonged prothrombin time andactivated partial thromboplastic time compared to non-infected. White blood cell counts,neutrophils, and monocytes were elevated. Red blood cells, and hemoglobin, plateletswere decreased. The best diagnostic values for malaria were monocyte count, red celldistribution width, and platelet distribution width.Conclusions: Community awareness is necessary to promote regular screening forindividuals with a history of malaria, eliminate stagnant water near homes, encourage theuse of insecticide-treated nets, and highlight the risks of nighttime outdoor exposure.Healthcare providers should closely monitor the impact of malaria on coagulation andhematological profiles to optimize diagnostic strategies and predict disease severity
CO-INFECTION OF ENTERIC PROTOZOA AND BACTERIA, AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE DIARRHEIC CHILDREN VISITING WORABE HOSPITAL, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
(Wolkite University, 2025-01-30) ABDIRSEMED BEDEWI
Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among childrenunder five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Enteric pathogens such as Giardialamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella, and Shigella spp. are common causes of childhooddiarrhea in these regions. However, data on their sources and co-infection patterns were limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the co-infection rates of enteric protozoa and bacteria andidentify associated risk factors in children under five presenting with diarrhea at WorabeHospital, central Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024. Stool sampleswere collected from 250 children under five with diarrhea and analyzed using parasitologicaland bacteriological techniques to detect the presence of pathogens. Results: Out of 250 stool samples analyzed, 72 (28.7%) tested infected for intestinal protozoa,and 33 (13.2%) were infected for enteropathogenic bacteria. Co-infections were identified in 20cases (8.0%). The most frequent co-infections included G. lamblia with Salmonella spp. (2.8%),G. lamblia with Shigella spp. (2.0%), E. histolytica/dispar with Shigella spp. (2.4%), and E.histolytica/dispar with Salmonella spp. (0.8%). Factors significantly associated with co-infectionincluded large family size (p=0.042), guardians with untrimmed fingernails (p=0.013), notwashing vegetables before feeding children (p=0.003), guardians not washing hands beforefeeding children (p=0.02), presence of domestic animals in the house (p=0.017), lack of a homelatrine (p=0.001), and use of unprotected drinking water (p=0.004). Conclusions and Recommendations: The study highlights that intestinal protozoa and entericbacteria, as well as co-infections, are major contributors to diarrhea in children. Key riskfactors include poor personal hygiene, untrimmed fingernails, and inadequate environmentalsanitation. It is recommended that public health efforts focus on raising awareness aboutpersonal and environmental hygiene to reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases.
The Prevalence and Associated Factors Of Soil –Transmitted Helminthiasis and Drug Efficacy Of Mebendazole For Treatment Of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis among Primary School Children at West Azernet Berbere District, Central Ethiopia, 2025
(Wolkite University, 2025-01-30) Nahom Zeleke
BACKGROUND: Different types of parasitic worms are responsible for soil-transmittedhelminthes infections. Drug efficacy studies of soil-transmitted intestinal helminthes have notbeen well addressed in different parts of the tropics and subtropics, including the current studyarea.OBJECTIVE: To assess the drug efficacy of soil-transmitted helminthes infection and thefactors that is linked to it in elementary school students in the West Azernet Berbere District,Central Ethiopia.METHOD: Prospective study design involving 354 school children was conducted fromFebruary-April 2024 in the base line survey. Sixty-four study participants were involved in thesecond survey for drug efficacy. A systematic random sampling technique was applied. TheKato-Katz method was used to evaluate stool samples. Senior nurses administered 500 mg ofmebendazole as a single dosage to students who had soil-transmitted helminthes infections.Then, after the redosing regimen, or after 28 days of treatment completion, the drug efficacy ofmebendazole was performed based on the cure rate and egg reduction rate. .The data was codedand entered into EPI data version 3.1 and exported for further analysis to SPSS version 21computer software. The cure rate and egg reduction rate were examined using descriptiveanalysis.RESULTS: A total of five intestinal helminths species were found, with an overall prevalence of19.8% (70/354) (95% CI 18.9-20.0) in the baseline survey. The most common parasites foundwere 36(10.2%), A.lumbericoides 21(5.9%) T. trichiura, 10(2.8%) hookworm, other helminthsfound were Taenia spp. 2(0.6%) and E.vermicularis 1(0.2%). After the redosing, the cure rate ofmebendazole against A.lumbericoides rose from 87.9% in the single dose to 100%; similarly, thecure rate for T. trichiura rose from 84.2% in the single dosage to 100%.The mebendazole curerate for hookworms rose from 77.8% with a single dosage to 100% with a redosing.CONCLUSION: Therefore, the cure rate and egg reduction rate of single-dose and redosingphase of mebendazole is satisfactory to treat Ascaris lumbericoides, Trichuris trichiura andHookworm infections.