Bachelor of Science

URI for this collectionhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/987654321/112

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    ASSESSMENT OF EFFECT OF RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION IN CASE OF YEM ZONE, SAJA TOWN, IN CENTERAL ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) Mebrat Temesgen; Aklilu Addise
    Migration is one of fundamental element in determining population growth and structure .In Ethiopia rural to urban migration contributed for half of the growth of urban population. Rural to urban migration is quite common, especially where drought is frequent. This study aims at assessing the trend of rural-urban migration. To achieve the objective 98 migrant were selected randomly from Saja Town. Both primary and secondary data employed and we analyzed both qualitative and quantitative. The study revealed that migrant come to Saja Town in search of employment and utilizes urban service and education. Hence, the out flow economically active people from the rural agricultural sector has a negative effect on production in the area of origin and the receiving area now experience problems such as a shortage of housing, unemployment increasing cost of living, lack of access to social service. Therefore to mitigating the problem of rural-urban migration is launching of integrated rural development policy.
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    ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF LAND FRAGMENTATION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY THE CASE OF ATAT KEBELE OF CHEHA WOREDA, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-08) Abdurehiman Nuri and Madi Tayib
    Background: Land fragmentation poses challenges for agricultural productivity and rurallivelihoods in Ethiopia. However, limited empirical evidence exists on its localized impacts.Objective: This study assessed land fragmentation levels and consequences in Atat Kebele through primary household surveys and interviews to inform evidence-based policymaking.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 42 households selected through convenience sampling. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and field observations to examine relationships between fragmentation and productivity indicatorsResults: Traditionally fragmented plots averaged <1 hectare, constraining scale economies. Over 90% reported fragmentation decreased yields, incomes, and food security. Qualitative data revealed rising challenges to optimal production and viability over time. Conclusion: Fragmentation inherited through generations now threatens sustainability. Rules limiting excessive subdivision and consolidation programs paired with alternative livelihood support were recommended. Comprehensive monitoring and reform policies are required to redress unintended vulnerabilities amid constrained resource-dependent livelihoods.
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    AN ASSESSMENTN OF CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLUTION IN ETHIOPIA,CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGION, GURAGE ZONE IN WOLKITE TOWN
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-08) Amare Gerem; Mirtinesh Yohannes
    Environment is a place where both living and non-living thingies live in it. Environmental pollution is the way of changing normal/natural/ environment into harmful environment that cause adverse consequences on human health. The study was conducted in Wolkite town which is located about 158 km of south of Addis Ababa. The major purpose of the study was assessing causes and consequences environmental pollution .This study used to identifying types, source and consequences of environmental pollution. For this study data received primary and secondary data. Primary data collected through direct observation and distributing questionnaires for samples of 92 respondents and secondary data collected from wolkite town health service and municipality office. By using this data the researchers used simple random sampling and describe the analyses in table in percentage according to specific objective. Pollution is caused by industrial and commercial waste, agriculture practices, human activities and transportation. It is created by human actions and by natural disasters. Generally, the most people have a view about the environment as useful and applying mitigation methods or prevention such as preparing underground storage table for domestic liquid waste, burning solid waste, informing for municipality to lift out dead body of animals and performing other activities to prevent environmental pollution. Therefor education is the most important means that helps to protect the environment.
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    THE IMPACT OF URBAN EXPANSION ON THE SURROUNDING FARMING HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOOD IN THE CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN, GURAGE ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA REGION.
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) BIRTUKAN MENGESHA; YALEWU ADINO
    This research was conducted to analysis the impact of urban expansion on the surrounding farming household livelihood. The study focused on mainly impact of urbanization on farmer’s farm land, grazing land and livestock reduction in the society.To achieve this objective the data was collected from primary and secondary source. From the total 1200 total households the researcher selected 40 respondent. Purposive sample technique was used to select the respondents and both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analysis the data. The finding also indicates that the horizontal expansion of wolkite town has impact on the surrounding household livelihood activities this cause of wolkite town expansion through investment. Due to this the agricultural land is changed to urban area. Depending on the result of this study the researcher would recommend to decrease the impact and improve the livelihood of the society by giving fair and effective compensation for the farmer who lost their land, facilitating vertical growth of the town rather than horizontal growth and reducing of rural urban migration.
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    IMPACTS OF SOIL EROSION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND FARMERS LIVELIHOOD OF SIRE WOREDA ARSI ZONE OROMIA REGION ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) ABREHAM SEWAGEGN; WUBISHET BIRUK
    Soil erosion is a worldwide challenge for sustainability of agriculture especially in the tropical region of Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world and most of its population lives in the high land area endowed plenty of resources the most severe soil erosion is observed in the eastern high part of the country Soil fertility declines is mainly caused by intensification of agriculture on already fragile land this process steeply dapples nutrients and extremely soil fertility loss through erosion can be precursor to desertification. The rates of soil erosion that exceed the generation of new top soil are a dynamic process which leads to decline in the soil productivity, low agricultural yield and income. The balance between soil-forming and depleting processes is of utmost importance for attaining long-term sustainability in any production system. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is a major impact in the high land regions of Sire around Eastern zones Sire particularly Lode Benben Keble. To achieve this objective the necessary data’s been collected from secondary and primary source. The primary data’s were obtained from questioners, interview, field observation and focus group discussion, and analyzed in qualitative and quantitative method. Field survey was conducted to collect the necessary data from 66 respondents which were selected by purposively probable sampling techniques.
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    ASSESSING IMPACTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF ANGECHA TOWN, KAMBATA ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) HENOK SHITAYE:; MILKIYAS BIRHANU:
    Waste management is a critical issue globally, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Angecha town faces significant challenges in household waste management, impacting public health and the environment. A study was conducted to assess the current situation and raise awareness within the community. The research aimed to evaluate the existing municipal waste management services in Angecha town, Analyze the composition of household waste, Assess the spatial coverage of waste management services and Examine institutional arrangements and capacities. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, supplemented by secondary sources. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed for analysis. Findings indicate that Angecha town's waste management heavily relies on the municipality, yet services lag behind waste generation. Biodegradable waste from households dominates the waste stream. Key challenges include Poor institutional structure and capacity within the sanitation department, Limited stakeholder participation, including communities, NGOs, and the private sector, Inadequate household waste management practices, such as improper storage, low separation, and illegal disposal. To address these challenges, recommendations include implementing sustainable waste management practices through awareness campaigns and training, enhancing institutional capacity, and adopting an integrated approach involving all stakeholders.
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    CHALLENGES OF URBAN LAND DELIVERY ON DEVELOPMENT IN BANSA DAYE TOWN, EAST SIDAMA ZONE, SIDAMA REGION ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-08) TOMAS TONE; WONDYE ASALF
    Land is the solid surface of the earth that is not permanently covered by water. Land is everything for human beings, having direct and indirect impacts. The study was conducted in Bansa Daye town, Sidama, Ethiopia, to assess the challenges of urban land delivery on development. In this study, a mixed research design was employed because both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. To achieve the objective of the study, the researchers followed a mixed-methods research approach. Both quantitative and qualitative research can support each other towards a better understanding of the issue under study. The primary data source was obtained through a questionnaire, an interview, and observation. Secondary data sources were obtained from reading materials, different books, and municipal offices. This study used descriptive research method using both primary and secondary data where probability and non probability sampling were used. For the study, 72 respondents were selected proportionally from 3965 households. Within the chosen kebeles, researchers identified four specific groups to collect data from: mayors (17 respondents), municipality officials (18 respondents), elders (12 respondents), and urban dwellers (25 respondents). This purposive sampling technique ensured data collection from a diverse range of individuals within the sampled kebeles. So the study was collected by employing interview guidelines, a questionnaire, and observation as data gathering tools. The data was analyzed through a mixed-data analysis method. Therefore, the qualitative data was analyzed and the narrative analysis method, and the quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics like percentage and frequency. The findings of the study by the researcher were: poor land delivery on development policy, poor land compensation, poor master plan, misuse of land, loss of prime land to urban sprawl, lack of commitment by local government to deliver urban land properly, especially the municipality. Even though urban land delivery on development had positive impacts, it also had negative impacts, such as economic, social, and environmental impacts. The researcher finally recommended a possible solution for concerned bodies to further improve the condition of urban land delivery on development of the study area.
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    ASSESSEMENT OF THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN, GURAGE ZONE, AND CENTRAL ETHIOPIA.
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) Eshetu Kindie; Temesgen Belete
    Ethiopia has enormous water potential but still faces a range of challenges in drinking water supply. People in the study area are still without access to improved water sources, and even more are without access to consistently safe drinking water. In order to address the problem of drinking water various efforts were carried out by the involvement of different stakeholders. Therefore, The main objective of this study was to assess the challenge and prospect of drinking water supply in Wolkite town, Central Ethiopia. To realize this objective, both primary and secondary data were produced by utilizing qualitative and quantitative data. A total of 51 households were selected from three villages by using systematic random sampling. To gather the required information from selected respondents, questionnaire, key informant’s interviews, and focus group discussion were conducted. Descriptive survey statistics such as frequency and percentage was used to analyze quantitative data. The qualitative data obtained from interviews and FGD was analyzed by describing and interpreting the deeply the situation of challenges of drinking water supply. The major finding of the study indicate that the major causes of the water scarcity in the area was due to limited or few pipeline that caused by fast expansion of the town, which the few old existing pipelines cannot support. The survey result indicate that slow down progress in all domestic and commercial activities and exposed to water born disease due to drinking of unsafe water from open wells were major impact of shortage of drinking water in the study area
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    ASSESSMENTOFINDIGENOUSIRRIGATIONPRACTICEINCHEHA WOREDAINTHECASEOFAMORAMEDAKEBELE
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) TemesgenAlemayehu
    wateristhebasicresourceonthewellbeingofthewholepopulationnotonlythepopulationbutalsootherlivingandnonlivingthingsanditisarenewablenaturalresourcewhichexistintheformofsurfacewater,undergroundwater(inoceanandlake rivertherewereNemoursriveri nEthiopiabuttheproducti vecapacityisnotparamount functi onduetotheindigenousirrigationpracti ceoflocalfarmerswerelowlevelof awareness.Theobjectivesofthisstudyistoassessindigenousirrigati on practice whichisfound guragezonechehaworedaamoramedakebelethatdetermine implementati onofindigenousirrigati onpracticeinrel atedtosoilandwateravailabi of theirproductivityirri lity gationfarming..thedatawascollectedbyusingdifferent instrumentsuchasquestionerandintervi ewwereusedtogeneratethedatabasedon qualitati turalandruraldevel veandquantitativemethodthesecondarydatasourcesweretakenfrom agricul opmentofficeoftheworeda.Fieldsurveywasconductedto collectthenecessarydatafrom 60selectedsamplerespondentsandtheresearchers’ wereselectedthesamplebysimplerandom sampling.Andthedatacollectedwere tabulated,anal yzedandsummarizedviadescription.Andalsotrendsofindigenous irri gationpracti ceinpeople’sproducti bothquantitati veandqualitati vity.Andafteri veinterpretati twasanalyzedanddiscussedby on.Itisnotedthattheindigenousi rrigati on programwhichissponsoredbythegovernmenthasseveraldrawbacks,therefore,on thebasisofthefindingofthestudythisfindi ngsuggestthatshortageofland,dueto populati onpressure causesfarmers tointensity agriculturallowproduction,using landsaving andyield augmentingtechnology.Astheresultofthedeterminantsthat causeerosionhazardfarmerswholiveinthisworedahavepracticedbothindigenous soilconservati onstructureandmodernsoilconservati onstructureforalongperiodto solvetheerosionprobl ems.
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    ASSESSING AGRICULTURAL LAND SIZE FRAGMENTATION AND IT’S ECONOMIC EFFECTS: IN THE CASE OF EZHA WOREDA IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA.
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) THOMAS KEBEDE; FITSUM TAMIRAT.
    The research title is focuses on the assessing Agricultural land size fragmentation and its socio economic effect the case of Ezha woreda Gurage Zone Central Ethiopia. Land fragmentation was a single farm consists of a large number of separated land plots in common agricultural phenomenon in many countries. To addressing of this, issue the study objective were to identify the main cause of agricultural land size fragmentation and its socio economic effect on agricultural land. To achieve this objective, the necessary data were collected from both primary and secondary data source. The samples were selected through a simple random sampling and respondent’s interviewee. The total sampling size was 43 respondents. The given data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative method. The present land holding or plots of land of farmers were located in difference places. The finding indicates, majority of the farmers have less than 1-hectare land in the study area. The major causes of agricultural land size fragmentation in the study area were population growth, land distribution and redistribution, increase number of farmers. The possible solution for agricultural land size fragmentation and its socio economic effect in Ezha woreda is controlling the population and creating job opportunity other than agriculture.