Masters of Science

URI for this collectionhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/987654321/9

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    SEMIGROUP THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-12) DAGNAW TESHOME
    This Project will serve as a basic introduction to semi groups of linear operators. It will de ne a semi group in the context of a physical problem which will serve to motivate further theoretical development of linear semi groups. Applications and examples will also be discussed
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    EFFECT OF FOREIGN CAPITAL INFLOWS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ETHIOPIA: TIME SERIES ANALYIS
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-08) TESFAYE ASEFA
    This study analyzes the effect of Foreign Capital Inflow (FCI) on the economic growth, the main objective of the study was to examine the effect of the foreign capital in flows on economic growth in Ethiopia for the period 1990/91 to 2021/22. The secondery data were employed and Descriptive and econometric method were used to analyze the secondary data. Descriptive Statistics were used to describe the basic features of the gathered data. The descriptive analysis found that in the study period the average value their fluctuation interval of economic growth and foreign capital in flow and other control variables. Empirical analysis has been performed by using Johansen Maximum likelihood method. The main result shows that net official development assistance has a significant and negative effect in short run and through some adjustment in long run positive and significant effect on economic growth. The study was employed a modern econometrics method such as, unit root test, lag selection criteria, cointegration test. The ADF and PP unit root test was employed. All the variables used in this study were found to be stationary in their first difference. Long-run relationship among variables confirmed through Johnson co-integration analysis whereas the short-run dynamics are observed by VECM specification. The other empirical result confirms that labor force and domestic saving variables have significant and positive influence on economic growth in both short and long. Labor force and domestic saving have also positive significant effect in short run. Moreover, in the short run human capital has a negative and significant effect on growth. The positive sign of National Saving, labor force, human capital and Net Official Development Assistance shows that the long-run impact on Economic growth.
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    DETERMINANTS OF MAIZE AND RED PEPPER PRODUCTIVITY AND ASSESSMENT OF PROFITABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ IN ABESHGE DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-10) WONDU TESSEMA KASSAYE
    Low level of productivity of many agricultural food crops, of which maize and red pepper are remaining to contribute for the food inadequacy in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to analyze the profitability and productivity determinants of maize and red Pepper crops in Abeshige district of southern Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 150 farm households selected through three-stage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and econometric models particularly multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the data. The profit and profitability analysis result of the study revealed that both maize and red pepper producers were operated at profitable level. However, the profitability of red pepper production which is estimated to be around 64.79% was relatively higher than that of profitbailtiy of maize production (22.12%). Hence, red pepper is relatively profitable than maize. Based on the results from Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the quantity of fertilizer used for maize, farming experience, non/off farm income, size of land allocated for maize, accesses to market for maize and education level of a household ware significantly affecting the productivity of maize positively as expected except income from non/off farm income. Likewise, sex of the household head, educational level of a household head, non/off farm income, access to credit, extension service and market accesses for red pepper were found to significantly influence the productivity of red pepper positively. Encouraging producers to focus cash crops and aware on cost benefit advantage of various crops, empowering women and strengthen their enrollment in every aspect of societal role, promoting farmers to attend conference, training and arrange experience sharing programs among farmers themselves, strengthen extension service provision through different mechanisms, support farmers engagement in non/off farm activities, and strengthen the input dissemination mechanisms are recommended to strengthen to enhance maize and red pepper productivity in the study area.
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    Economic globalization, Corruption and Economic Growth in East African Countries: Dynamic Panel Analysis
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-03) TejuDeneke
    The study investigated the dynamic relationship among economic globalization, corruption and economic growth in selected of eight Eastern African countries using a dynamic panel approach over the period 1996–2019. In this study, the Kao co-integration test, ARDL, and Granger causality test were applied. The causality test revealed that in both the short and long-run period there is no causality between economic globalization, corruption, and economic growth. The findings of this study revealed that there is a positive long-run relationship between globalization and economic growth. Thus, one percent increase in the level of economic globalization increases economic growth by 0.19 percentage points. At the same time, there is a negative relationship between corruption and gross domestic product per capita. So, in the long run, one percent increase in corruption level decreases gross domestic product per capita by 0.02 percentages on average. The short run speed of adjustment coefficient of -0.5747 indicates that 57.47% of the short run adjustment is made within a year. Finally, the study recommends that East African countries should propose stricter strategies and policies at regional as well as national levels to create better world inter-linkages so as to speed up economic growth in the future. Also, minimizing the level of corruption in East Africa has a pivotal role in accelerating economic growth.
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    THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN ECONOMIC GROWTH ON SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-02) TATEK EGZAE HAILE
    The study examines the role of human capital on economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa using the data obtained from World Data Indicator (WDI) and Penn World Tables (PWT), over the period 2001 to 2018 with the application of panel ARDL for estimation. The estimation result, confirms there is a long-run positive relationship between human capital and economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The study clearly shows that human capital (proxy by years of schooling and returns to education), Gross capital formation (GCF), Total labour force and Exports of goods and services have a positive significant impact on dependent variable GDP. The estimation results support the findings of the previous studies that human capital is positively related to GDP. However total unemployed labour force (UNE) has a negative significant impact on GDP. There is no evidence to show the causality between human capital and gross domestic product. However, there is bi directional causality between the total unemployed labour force and Gross domestic product. Based on these results, we recommend that both human capital and the total unemployed labour force should be required higher attention to sustain the economic growth of Sub Saharan African countries.
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    Analysis of Value Additionin Hide and Skin Tannery Industryaround Addis Ababa City, Ethiopian
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2020-10) Feyera Hailu Fekene
    The main objective was to analysis the factors that affect value addition in hide and skin tannery industry in and around Addis Ababa city specifically in Sebeta and Burayu Town with the objectives of describing the market chain for raw hide and skin, to assess quality management’s practices and identify factors affecting both marketing and quality of hide and skin to asses analysis of value addition in hide and skin tannery. A survey was conducted collected from 7 hide and skin collection centers (3 from Sebeta and4 from Burayu), all butcheries’ abattoirs and all middlemen in both town. Semi structured questionnaire and secondary data were collected from both town. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that from all respondents in Burayu 65.2% respondents’ in Sebeta sold the hide and skin to the market. Of total respondents 55.4%, 42.4% and 2.2% sold hide and skin for middlemen, collection centers and informal market respectively in Burayu Similarly 68.7%, 23.2% and 8.1% of respondents sold hide and skin for middlemen, collection centers and informal market respectively in sebeta. Buying process was done without following the grading standards of hides and skins, by simple sorting based on visible defects, size, pattern and freshness. The average sheep skin sale price of farmers 53.86 birr and 48. 83 birr in burayu and sebeta respectively. Collection centers bought 60 birr, 40 birr and 5.5 birr/kg for sheep skin, goat skin and cattle hide respectively in burayu market. In same manner in Sebeta market collection centers bought 50 birr, 37.75 birr and 7birr/kg for sheep skin, goat skin and cattle hide respectively. Of respondents of farmer 82.6% sold fresh with in 12hours and 17.4% sold the hide and skin unpreserved within 24 hours in Burayu. While in Sebeta about 87.8% respondents’ sold hide and skin fresh within 12 hours and 12.2% of them sold the hide and skin unpreserved within 24 hours in burayu. The concerned bodies should reinforce and mainstream the system of buying of hides and skins on standard grade basis for middlemen and collection centers.
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    THE EFFECT OF COVID_19 ON HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND THEIR COPING STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF WORABE TOWN
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-11) ABDUREHMAN OUMER HUSSEN
    The Covid_19 pandemic is an infectious disease of a pandemic nature that can affect households, governments, and the whole economy, directly and indirectly, due to global shocks. This study investigates the effect of Covid_19 on household income and food consumption and their coping strategies. In this study primary data was collected from 308 household heads. Three kebeles were stratified into three strata and a random sampling technique was employed to select the sample respondents. Descriptive statistics and binary logistics regression were used for analyzing quantitative data. And from the logistic regression result working condition (do with Covid-19 safe way and shut down) of household heads is significant at a 5% level of significance; Therefore working condition of household heads positively affected household income and households that have higher monthly income more affected their food consumption during Covid_19 pandemic lockdown measures, means that high monthly income generates households their demand for food consumption and other expenditures were higher. Government must have promoting and harnessing the savings and borrowing capacity, especially for low-income earners or households would provide opportunities for borrowing and restoring businesses and livelihoods after a crisis and mechanisms to ensure the survival of food supply chains, particularly those making available nutrient-dense food.
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    EFFECT OF BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZER RATES AND INTRA-ROWSPACINGONGROWTH AND YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) UNDER IRRIGATIONCONDITION IN GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-05) YEKITE TEREFE ZEWDIE
    The onion is one of Ethiopia's most important vegetable crops, and it is used virtually every day as a spice and vegetable in Ethiopian cuisine. However, its productivityisstilllow due to various limiting factors such as low soil fertility, improper plant density rspacing, disease and pests and lack of production technologies appropriate todif erentvarieties and agro-ecological conditions. Haphard fertilizer application and intrarowplant spacing are among others the most important once. To this ef ect, the present study was initiated to evaluate the ef ects of NPSB fertilizers and intra-row spacing on thegrowth and yield performance of onion variety of Bombay red under Enemor district conditions during the “irrigation” season. There were 12 treatment combination swhich consisted of four levels of NPSB fertilizers (0, 122, 244 and 366kg ha -1) and threelevelsofintra-row plant spacing (7.5cm, 10cm and 12.5cm). The experiment was laidout inRandomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement and under threereplications. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatments hadhighly significant (p ≤ 0.01) dif erence on the their interaction ef ect on both the growthandyield parameters tested (i.e. plant height, leaf number, bulb diameter, bulb length, weightof onion bulbs as well as marketable, unmarketable and total bulb yield). Generally, thetreatment combination of 244kg ha -1 and 7.5cm intra-row spacing recorded thelargest marketable bulb yield of 41.2t ha -1 , total bulb yield of (41.34t ha -1), harvestingindexof77.17%, and the lowest unmarketable bulb yield of 0.14t ha -1 . Results of the correlation analysis also showed that almost all the tested parameters of onion werehighlysignificantly and positively correlated with the marketable bulb yield of onion. Besides, asrevealed by the partial budget analysis, the combined treatment of 244kg ha -1 NPSBand7.5cm intra row spacing resulted in the highest net benefit increase of Birr 893,390whencompared with the other treatments combinations. Hence, the combined applicationof244kg ha -1 of NPSB fertilizers and intra-row spacing 7.5cm is recommended for on ion production in Enemor District as well as areas with similar agro-ecological conditions .However, since the study was conducted only for a single season and in only onelocation,further research is recommended to be carried out in more other locations as well asatdif erent seasons.
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    MAPPING THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL ACIDITYANDEVALUATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL SOIL PROPERTIES:- INCASEOF DEWOSHE SUB-WATERSHED, GUMMER DISTRICT, GURAGEZONE , ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-06) MULUYE TAFERE DEMIS
    Mapping the spatial variability of soil acidity and evaluation of physico-chemical soil properties on the study area is important to design appropriate soil fertilitymanagement practices. Mapping the spatial variability is a key operation as it provides knowledge about soil acidity and how it can be used sustainably. The studywas conducted at the Dewoshe sub-watershed Gummer district, Guraghe Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Twenty-eight soil samples were collected from two crop types withseven replication at two soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm), respectively. Theevaluation of physico-chemical soil properties were analyzed using the ANOVAGLMprocedure of SAS software, and mapping the spatial variability of soil acidity wereanalyzed using Arc GIS 10.4. Furthermore, the study has investigated that variousphysico-chemical soil properties were profoundly influenced due to crop types andsoil depths. Soil BD, total porosity, and exchangeable acidity, TN, OM, and C: N, available P, exchangeable Mg, CEC, and exchangeable acidity were significantly ected due to Enset and cereal crops, soil depths, and their interaction between croptypes and soil depths. In contrast, sand, silt, and clay fraction and change of pHexhibited no statistically significant variation within the crop and their interaction between crop types and soil depths. But there was a variation of sand and clay on soil depths. Exchangeable (K, Na, and H) were only varied in crop types. The change of pH, exchangeable Al, and Ca were varied within crop types, soil depths, and their interaction between crop types and soil depths and only within crop types and soil depths, respectively. The highest and the lowest values of some physico-chemical soil properties of sand, clay, BD, total porosity, pH-H2O, pH-KC, OM, TN, available P, and CEC were (38.9, 34.4 ), (23.07, 19.4), (1.35, 1.07), (59.7, 49), (6.27, 4.84), (5.67, 4.1), (4.58, 0.79), (0.26, 0.07), and (28.6, 15.6) within cop types, and soil depths respectively. Cereal crop fields as compared to the Enset crop fields were sufere from soil degradation and decline in soil fertility on the spatial points of beginning at strong to steep slope mapping parts with the same soil depths. But both in the study area, in general, pointed out that these changes are not in favour of the ecosystem and caused deterioration in the quality of soil resources which in turn led to a decline in agricultural crop productivity. This calls for urgent measures to be takenthat encompass a mix of technological and policy options. Further research and development interventions into the dynamics and impact of crop land-use change onecosystems and their components at various scales (from small sub-watersheds toregion and country) are required if conservation and agricultural development goalsfor this sub-watershed in particular and the country in general, are to be met onasustainable basis. And again, mapping the spatial variability of soil acidic problemsby OK is needed to clearly show the specific locations of the study areas, whereattention is required with respect to sustainable management of crop nutrients.
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    GENETIC GAIN AND VARIABILITY IN FRUIT YIELD AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS OF TOMATO [Lycopersicon esculuntum (L.) Mill] VARIETIES IN ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-05) DAGIM DEMELASH YILMA
    Tomato is one of the most important dietary vegetable food crops in Ethiopia. It serves as a cash-generating crop to small and large scale farmers and employment for the production and processing in local industries. Notwithstanding this, information on genetic progress achieved over time from a breeding program is useful to develop effective and efficient breeding strategies for tomato improvement is very limited in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of genetic gain and variability of fruit yield and associated trait. In the present study, 16 (released from 1997 to 2015) tomatoes were evaluated in Sodo district using a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021 cropping season. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the varieties for all traits except for number of primary branches per plant and number of seeds per fruit. The average annual rate of increase per year of release for the period 1997-2015 as estimated from the slope of the graph of linear regression of mean fruit yield on a year of variety release was 0.127 t ha-1 with a relative genetic gain of 0.40% yr-1 . Recently released varieties demonstrate a yield improvement of 0.40 kg ha-1 (1.47%) over the oldest varieties in the last 18 years. Marketable yield, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit width, fruit growth rate per plant and fruit yield per day showed a significant trend of increment. All other traits showed a significant decreasing trend over the year of release. High (509.61%) and low genetic advance (0.74%) was exhibited by fruit growth rate per plant and total soluble solid, respectively. Fruit yield was significantly and positively correlated with fruit diameter, fruit width, fruit length, fruit growth rate per plant, fruit yield per day and marketable yield both at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis showed that the maximum positive direct contribution towards fruit yield was through fruit width, fruit yield per day and marketable yield. The study concluded that inconsistent yield improvement have been achieved in fruit yield through the last 18 years of tomato improvement. Therefore, further effort should be strengthened and continued to achieve more progresses in these and other relevant traits to design appropriate tomato fruit yield improvement strategy in the country