College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

URI for this communityhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/123456789/45764

College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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    CO-INFECTION OF ENTERIC PROTOZOA AND BACTERIA, AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE DIARRHEIC CHILDREN VISITING WORABE HOSPITAL, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (Wolkite University, 2025-01-30) ABDIRSEMED BEDEWI
    Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among childrenunder five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Enteric pathogens such as Giardialamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella, and Shigella spp. are common causes of childhooddiarrhea in these regions. However, data on their sources and co-infection patterns were limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the co-infection rates of enteric protozoa and bacteria andidentify associated risk factors in children under five presenting with diarrhea at WorabeHospital, central Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024. Stool sampleswere collected from 250 children under five with diarrhea and analyzed using parasitologicaland bacteriological techniques to detect the presence of pathogens. Results: Out of 250 stool samples analyzed, 72 (28.7%) tested infected for intestinal protozoa,and 33 (13.2%) were infected for enteropathogenic bacteria. Co-infections were identified in 20cases (8.0%). The most frequent co-infections included G. lamblia with Salmonella spp. (2.8%),G. lamblia with Shigella spp. (2.0%), E. histolytica/dispar with Shigella spp. (2.4%), and E.histolytica/dispar with Salmonella spp. (0.8%). Factors significantly associated with co-infectionincluded large family size (p=0.042), guardians with untrimmed fingernails (p=0.013), notwashing vegetables before feeding children (p=0.003), guardians not washing hands beforefeeding children (p=0.02), presence of domestic animals in the house (p=0.017), lack of a homelatrine (p=0.001), and use of unprotected drinking water (p=0.004). Conclusions and Recommendations: The study highlights that intestinal protozoa and entericbacteria, as well as co-infections, are major contributors to diarrhea in children. Key riskfactors include poor personal hygiene, untrimmed fingernails, and inadequate environmentalsanitation. It is recommended that public health efforts focus on raising awareness aboutpersonal and environmental hygiene to reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases.
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    Magnitude of Hypertension and Associated Factors among Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus- infected Patients Receiving Anti retroviral therapy at Gurage zone selected public Hospitals, SNNPR, Ethiopi
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-08) Zebiba Nejib; Ketema Debele; Abdlkerim Mohamed
    Background: hypertension is one of the major non communicable cardiovascular disease whichHuman immunodeficiency virus infected people are at great risk. Availability of evidence on themagnitude of hypertension is vital to regularly monitor and plan programs and police to advocateinnervation; but there is no/scare scientific study on the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of hypertension and associated factoramong Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patient receiving Anti-retroviral therapyat Gurage Zone selected public hospital SNNPR Ethiopia June to July 2021G.CMethods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone from June toJuly 2021.data were collected from systematically selected 405 participants using pre-tested, interviewer administered structure questionnaire Data were entered and coded using Epi dataversion 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The assumption of the logistic regression modelwas checked using a correlation matrix and Hosmer and Lemeshow tests. Bivariate andmultivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Result: In the present study, the prevalence of hypertension among human immunodeficiencyvirus-positive adult who received antiretroviral therapy was found to be 13.1 % (95% CI: 9.9- 16.5). Age group greater than 45 years participants were 2.17(AOR= 2.17, 95%CI: 1.10-4.26), were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: In the current study, the magnitude of hypertension was low among HIV positiveadult. Therefore, sustained educating about the use of life style change, counselling the uses ofphysical activity, promoting to have proportional body weight reduction and intervention in thissituation are highly recommende