College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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    IN HOSPITAL OUTCOME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL FROM OCTOBER 2023 TO DECEMBER 2025: HOSPITALBASED RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) SEID YESUF
    Background: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middleincome countries, including Ethiopia. However, evidence on in-hospital treatment patterns, complications, and predictors of outcome among hospitalized stroke patients remains limited. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted with acute stroke. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, in-hospital treatment, complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of poor in-hospital outcomes. Results: A total of 236 patients admitted with acute stroke were included in the study. The mean age was 62.1 ± 13.7 years, with a slight male predominance (51.7%). Hypertension (67.8%) was the most common risk factor, and most patients presented late after symptom onset. Ischemic stroke accounted for 59.3% of cases. Overall, 41.1% of patients experienced a poor outcome, including clinical deterioration (28.0%) and death (12.3%). In multivariable analysis, moderate to severe impairment of consciousness at admission (AOR = 6.98; p < 0.001), higher admission RBS (AOR = 2.26; p = 0.032), renal dysfunction (AOR = 2.87; p = 0.016), delayed blood pressure management (AOR = 2.89; p = 0.041), and prolonged hospital stay (AOR 3.12; p = 0.008) were independent predictors Conclusion: Poor in-hospital outcomes among stroke patients remain substantial. Admission neurological status and random blood sugar, renal dysfunction, delayed blood pressure management, and prolonged hospitalization are key associated factors of adverse outcomes, highlighting the need for early risk stratification and comprehensive inpatient care in resource-limited settings
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    UTILIZATION AND DETERMINANTS OF PRECONCEPTION CARE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE IN WOLKITE TOWN, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2026.
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. ADDIS GEBRU
    Background: Preconception care (PCC) improves maternal and neonatal outcomes by addressing health risks before pregnancy, yet utilization remains low in Ethiopia. This study assessed PCC utilization and determinant factors among pregnant women in Wolkite town. Methods: A multi-centered institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 728 pregnant women attending antenatal care from December 2025 to January 2026. Multi-staged Systematic Random sampling and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed with SPSS using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (AOR, 95% CI). Results: Magnitude of PCC utilization was 21.4% (95% CI: 17.5%–25.3%). Advanced maternal age >35 years (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.75–4.42), Higher education (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.85– 4.05), Employed women (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.33–2.92), Higher income (>20,000 ETB/month) (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI: 3.12–13.04; P < 0.001), Good Knowledge (AOR = 16.5; 95% CI: 9.2–29.6), Preexisting medical conditions (AOR = 12.8; 95% CI: 6.7–24.5), Contraceptive use (AOR = 13.2; 95% CI: 8.1–21.6), Husband support, and Residence within 30 minutes of a health facility were independent predictors of PCC utilization. Conclusion: PCC uptake in Wolkite town is low due to limited awareness and access barriers. Enhancing community education, integrating PCC into routine reproductive services, strengthening facility readiness, and promoting male partner involvement are essential to improve maternal and neonatal health.
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    ADHERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON FOLLOW UP AT GURAGHE ZONE HOSPITALS,CENTRAL ETHIOPIA NOV-DEC,2025
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr.DANIEL FUJAGA
    Background: Optimal blood pressure control depends largely on patients’ adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications. However, medication non-adherence continues to be a major challenge. In Ethiopia, although several studies have examined antihypertensive medication adherence, findings on associated factors vary, and evidence from Guraghe Zone hospitals is lacking. Method: A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November-1 to December-30, 2025 in three selected Hospitals of Guraghe Zone. A simple random sampling technique was used to select hospitals and study subjects were proportionally allocated. A total of 368 adult hypertensive patients on follow-up who visit during the study period were consecutively enrolled until the required sample attained. Medication adherence was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.7 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done at a 95% confidence interval (CI). A variable with a P-value 4.33) and duration of antihypertensive treatment for less than five years (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10–0.94). Conclusion: Adherence to antihypertensive medication was found to be suboptimal. This study identified place of residence, educational level, blood pressure control status, use of health insurance coverage and duration of hypertension treatment as independent predictors of medication adherence. Therefore targeted counseling more focusing on first years of therapy and strengthening health insurance coverage is recommended
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    MAGNITUDE OF MATERNITY WAITING HOME UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN WHO GAVE BIRTH WITHIN 12 MONTHS BEFORE SURVEY IN GETA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIAN,2025
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) CHERU BIREGA
    Introduction: Maternity waiting homes are a cost-effective approach to ensure safer deliveries and healthier mothers and babies. It is important to enhance accessibility of healthcare services, by closing the gap between remote communities and medical facilities, an ensuring timely access to skilled birth attendance. In Sub-Saharan Africa, close to 30% of women with proper ANC follow-up ended up delivering at home. The types of waiting homes and their capacity to accommodate clients differed across regions in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the magnitude of maternity waiting home Utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth within 12 months prior to the survey in rural kebeles of Geta district Gurage zone, Central Ethiopian. 2025 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to determine the extent of maternity waiting home utilization and its associated factors among women who gave birth within 12 months prior the survey in Geta district. A simple random sampling method was used to extract 365 samples from six rural kebeles from July 1 up to 30/2025. The data was collected through face-to-face interview by using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Then it was entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for cleaning, coding, and analysis. And major analysis of data was conducted with binary logistic regression model Results: 365 mothers who had given birth in the last year were successfully interviewed. Out of the total study participants, 131 study participants (36%) mothers with the 95%CI of (31.0 _40.8) utilized maternity waiting home. ANC follow up (AOR = 9.001, 95% CI: 2.407,33.662, p = 0.001), maternal age 25-35yrs (AOR =20.1, 95% CI: 3.765,107.41, p = 0.001),no access to transportation facilities (AOR =57, 95% CI: 14.607,225.608, p = 0.000), multigravida 95%CI AOR =7.728 (1.692,35.293), maternal occupation being merchants were AOR= 12.787 , 95% CI: (3.193,51.207), women whose husbands were farmers With AOR= 22.9 with 95% CI of (4.912,106.767) p = 0.001, were identified as independent predictors of maternity waiting utilization Conclusion Overall, maternity waiting home utilization accounted for 36% of the study population, which is predicted with ANC follow up, maternal age, maternal gravidity, maternal and husband occupation. Therefore, enhancing maternity waiting home utilization may require expanding strategic approaches
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    MAGNITUDE AND FACTORS INFLUENCINGOPTIMALESCALATION OF GUIDELINE-DIRECTED MEDICALTHERAPYAMONG CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITHREDUCEDEJECTION FRACTION IN COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITALSOFCENTRAL ETHIOPIAN REGION, ETHIOPIA. A CROSS SECTIONALSTUDY.
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. ABDULFETAH ABDULHAKIM
    and dose optimization of GDMT remain sub-optimal inmanylowresource settings. This study assessed the magnitude and factors influencing optimal escalationof GDMT among HFrEF patients in comprehensive hospitals of Central Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed-methods, institution-based cross-sectional study was conductedamongadultHFrEF patients attending medical referral clinics in selected comprehensive hospitals in Central Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected from 93 patients using structured tools andanalyzedwith SPSS version 23. multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associatedwith GDMT optimization. In parallel, key informant interviews were conducted withcliniciansand pharmacists, and facility observations were performed to explore system-level barriers. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: Although most patients received at least one component of GDMT, noneachieve doptimal beta-blocker dosing, and 63% were taking less than 25%of the recommended target dose. Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) was verylimited. On multivariable analysis, higher systolic blood pressure (AOR = 1.047, 95%CI: 1.003–1.093), the absence of community-based health insurance (CBHI) (AOR = 0.288, 95%CI: 0.091–0.915),and longer duration of heart failure (AOR = 1.572, 95% CI: 1.055–2.344) were independently associated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) use. No significant predictors were identified for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and SGLT2I escalation. Qualitative findings revealed limited availability of GDMT medications, lack of training onheart failure management, absence of local guidelines and protocols, high patient load, and supply chain and insurance-related constraints as major barriers to optimization. Conclusion: Optimal escalation of GDMT among HFrEF patients in Central Ethiopiai markedly sub-optimal, particularly for beta-blockers and newer therapies. System-level and provider-level barriers, rather than patient factors, predominantly limit implementation. Strengthening drug supply systems, clinical guidelines, provider training, and alongside improving the effectiveness of CBHI, is essential to translate evidence-based recommendations into improved patient outcomes.
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    ADOLESCENT PARENT SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH COMMUNICATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CHEHA WOREDA, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-10-01) YALFAL ALEMU
    Background: Adolescent-parent sexual and reproductive health communication is a vital way of improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes for adolescents. However, there is limited evidence regarding communication between adolescent and their parents about sexual and reproductive health in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess adolescent parent sexual and reproductive health communication and associated factors among students attending secondary schools at Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study, supplemented with qualitative data, was carried out among 550 secondary school students from February 1–30, 2024. A systematic sampling method was employed to select participants. Data collection involved self-administered questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussions were held with a purposively chosen group of students. The quantitative data was entered using EpiData version 4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations, with a 95% confidence interval and a pvalue of <0.05 considered for statistical significance. Qualitative data was analyzed using manual thematic analysis. The results were presented in the form of tables, figures, and text. Results: Five hundred fifty participants completed the questionaries’ making the response rate 95.2%. More than half of the participants, 57.1% (95% CI: 0.528–0.613), reported communicating about sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents. The study identified significant associations with adolescent-parent sexual and reproductive health communication, including being female (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08–2.6), having a mother whose occupation was farmer (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7), receiving information about SRH (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.12–2.7), and being knowledgeable about SRH (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04–2.4). The qualitative findings identified shame and fear of parents as primary barriers to SRH communication. Conclusions and recommendations: Around two third of the participants were aware of various sexual and reproductive health services; however, the proportion of sexual and reproductive health communication with parents was low. Therefore, providing detailed information on the importance of communicating such sensitive issues with parents is recommended. Further research is needed to identify barriers from the parents' perspective
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    PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF UTERINE FIBROIDS AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN ATTENDING GYNECOLOGY UNIT IN GURAGE ZONE HOSPITALS, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) MUNTAHA KEDIR
    Introduction: Uterine fibroid is one of the most common benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus that affect women of reproductive age. The prevalence of fibroids is significant with esti mates that 20-25% of women and about 235 million of women who represent 6.6% of global women population estimated to be affecting worldwide. In our country the prevalence and asso ciated factors of uterine fibroids among reproductive age women is still unclear, thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of uterine fibroids among women attending gynecological unit in Gurage Zone Hospitals, 2024. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024, involving 342 study participants who were selected consecutively during the study period. The data were collected by using pre-tested structured questioners and data were entered into epi-data manager Version 4.2 and subsequently exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and Multivariable Lo gistic regressions analysis were performed to identify associated factors for uterine fibroids con sidering of 95% CI and P-value of < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of uterine fibroids among reproductive age women was 22.1%. The mean age of respondents was 33.4 and SD ± 6.8 years. Factors such as, age between 36-45 years (AOR = 8.635, 95% CI (1.179 - 63.223); participants educational status of secondary level (AOR = .040, 95% CI (.003-.485); experiencing infertility (AOR = 18.626, 95% Cl (4.336 - 80.011); obstetrics and gynecology related surgeries (AOR = 15.520, 95% Cl (5.755 - 41.854); ever used of contraceptives (AOR = .267, 95% Cl (.094 - .759); late age of menarche (AOR = .031,95% Cl (.001- .646); and family history of uterine fibroids (AOR = 6.705, 95% Cl (2.464 18.248); were significantly associated with uterine fibroids. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of uterine fibroids found to be relatively high. Major predictors such as age of women, participant educational status, infertility, obstetrics and gynecology related op eration, contraceptives, family history, and late menarche age was found to be predictors of uter ine fibroids. Therefore, encourage of the women early childbirth, promotion of contraceptives pills through long times should be promoted by health information and health education pro gram.
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    MAGNITUDE OF FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS VISITING OUT PATENT DEPARTMENT AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE ETHIOPIA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-08) DADITU TAYE; MOHAMED ABDO; ELIAS LEGASU; Mr. HAIMANOT.A
    Background: Functional dyspepsia is a prevalent condition with symptoms that originate in the upper abdomen area, both in the general population and in clinical settings. The magnitude of functional dyspepsia and its contributing variables vary from nation to nation. It is most common gastrointestinal disease in developing countries. However, had not been widely used in routine medical practice because the concept of functional dyspepsia is relatively new and not widely recognized, usually missed in the diagnosis. The magnitude of functional dyspepsia in Ethiopia is not well known and limited researches has been conducted about it in Ethiopia.Objective: To assess the magnitude of functional dyspepsia and its associated factors among adults visiting outpatient department at Wolkite University Specialized teaching hospital: 2023 G.C. Method: Institution based cross-sectional study design was utilized and the 254 participants were interviewed using both self-administered and interviewer administered structured questionnaires and they were selected using consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected, sorted by group members then entered into EPI data version 3.4 software, and exported to statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 27 software packages for further analysis. The association between each independent variable and the dependent was determined using binary logistic regression. In a multivariable analysis, variables wereconsidered statistically significant if they had a P-value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval.RESULT: A total of 254 patients participated in this study with 100% response rate. Functional dyspepsia was diagnosis in76(29.9%), by using R3DQ. In multivariate regressionanalysis, occupation (AOR:0.281,95%CI (0.11-0.721)), drugs (A0R:3.624,95%CI (1.915-6.856)), smoking (AOR:3.181,95%CI (1.498,6.758) and drinking alcohol (AOR: 0.36(0.14-0.97), were significantly associated with functional dyspepsia at p-value (≤0.05).Conclusions and Recommendations: The result of this study show that functionaldyspepsia was associated with a variety of factors. Functional dyspepsia could be prevented by working on lifestyle habits modification and giving more attention towards drug user.