College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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College of Medicine and Health Sceinces

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Start date: 2025Subject: search.filters.subject.Ethiopia.

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    ASTHMA CONTROL STATUS AND ASSSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ON FOLLOW-UP AT PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN GURAGHE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.
    (wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. AKMEL MOHAMED
    Background: Asthma is a major health challenge globally where majority of the patients have uncontrolled disease status. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, one of the goals of asthma management is to achieve clinical control. Despite good understanding of therapeutic regimens, there is evidence for suboptimal asthma control in many patients. However, there is limited local evidence on the magnitude of uncontrolled asthma and its associated factors in our setting. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess level of poor asthma control and associated factors among asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among clinically diagnosed asthmatic patients who were consecutively enrolled from follow up clinic at public hospital in Gurage zone. Data were collected using a interviewer-administered questionnaire and asthma control was assessed based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between independent factors and uncontrolled asthma. A variables with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.05 declared as having significant association. Result: Among the 283 study participants, the mean age was 53 ± 14 years, and the median duration of asthma was 9 ± 7 years. Out of total participants,74.9% (212/283) had uncontrolled asthma. Uncontrolled asthma was significantly associated with variables including salbutamol use as rescue medication (AOR = 5.18; 95% CI: 2.21–12.18), poor pMDI technique (AOR = 12.35; 95% CI: 3.54–43.06), presence of comorbid disease (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.41–7.26), longer asthma duration (>6–30 years) (AOR = 11.3; 95% CI: 6.2–20.6), illiteracy (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.12–5.62)and lack of regular physician follow-up (AOR 11.65 (2.97– 45.79)) were significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly three fourth of asthma patient at follow up had uncontrolled asthma. Poor inhaler technique, inadequate follow-up, longer disease duration, comorbid conditions, and lower educational status were factors associated with it. Therefore, promoting regular follow up, strengthening patient centered counseling particularly for patients with comorbidities and low educational status would help control asthma
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    WOMEN’S AUTONOMY ON MATERNALAND CHILD HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025: ACOMMUNITY BASED CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-05-01) WORKINEH DENDIR
    Background: women status often has impact on their autonomy and decision making ability about different aspects of their own lives. While women’s autonomy is basic for prevention of maternal and child mortality, it has not been given more attention. Beyond that maternal mortality is still remains as a public concern, it is necessary to assess women's autonomy and associated factors on the use of maternal and child health care services in the Gurage zone. Objective: To assess women's autonomy on maternal and child health services utilization and associated factors in Gurage Zone, central Ethiopia in 2025. Method: A Community-based cross-sectional study was employed on 601 participants from December 15/2024 to January 15/2025. Women's autonomy is the capacity and freedom of women in the reproductive age group to act independently and make decisions. Epi data version 3.2 was used to store the collected data, which was then exported to SPSS 25 for analysis. Multivariable and bi-variable logistic regression models have both been applied. A P-value of < 0.05 was used as statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Result: - Respondent rate of this study was 98 %. About 355 (59 %, 95% CI: 56 % - 62 %) of women had higher autonomy. women who had attended primary school (AOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.40-3.69), secondary school and above (AOR: 3.40, 95% CI: 2.03, 5.69), Women of aged 36-49 years (AOR: 3.68, 95% CI: 2.18, 6.21), having media exposure (AOR: 4.71, 95% CI: 3.13-7.09), women whose wedding ceremony practice were by partners agreement (AOR: 4.12, 95% CI: 1.95-5.02) ,who married by their custom based ceremony (AOR: 2.55, 95%CI: 1.39-4.66),and women who have selected their boyfriend by their own decision (AOR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.61-5.02) were significantly associated with women’s decision-making autonomy. Conclusion: The prevalence of women decision making autonomy regarding maternal and child health service utilization in this study was 59 %. But, still which found to be low. Women education and media exposure are necessary for their health service utilization at the community level. Recommendation: An inclusive strategy needs to be applied in order to empower women to have access and health services utilization and to enhance women decision making ability in household performances through education and media exposure.
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    CO-INFECTION OF ENTERIC PROTOZOA AND BACTERIA, AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE DIARRHEIC CHILDREN VISITING WORABE HOSPITAL, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (Wolkite University, 2025-01-30) ABDIRSEMED BEDEWI
    Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among childrenunder five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Enteric pathogens such as Giardialamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella, and Shigella spp. are common causes of childhooddiarrhea in these regions. However, data on their sources and co-infection patterns were limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the co-infection rates of enteric protozoa and bacteria andidentify associated risk factors in children under five presenting with diarrhea at WorabeHospital, central Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024. Stool sampleswere collected from 250 children under five with diarrhea and analyzed using parasitologicaland bacteriological techniques to detect the presence of pathogens. Results: Out of 250 stool samples analyzed, 72 (28.7%) tested infected for intestinal protozoa,and 33 (13.2%) were infected for enteropathogenic bacteria. Co-infections were identified in 20cases (8.0%). The most frequent co-infections included G. lamblia with Salmonella spp. (2.8%),G. lamblia with Shigella spp. (2.0%), E. histolytica/dispar with Shigella spp. (2.4%), and E.histolytica/dispar with Salmonella spp. (0.8%). Factors significantly associated with co-infectionincluded large family size (p=0.042), guardians with untrimmed fingernails (p=0.013), notwashing vegetables before feeding children (p=0.003), guardians not washing hands beforefeeding children (p=0.02), presence of domestic animals in the house (p=0.017), lack of a homelatrine (p=0.001), and use of unprotected drinking water (p=0.004). Conclusions and Recommendations: The study highlights that intestinal protozoa and entericbacteria, as well as co-infections, are major contributors to diarrhea in children. Key riskfactors include poor personal hygiene, untrimmed fingernails, and inadequate environmentalsanitation. It is recommended that public health efforts focus on raising awareness aboutpersonal and environmental hygiene to reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases.