Bachelor of Art

URI for this collectionhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/987654321/113

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    PREVALENCE OF PNEUMONIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN AT EMDBIR HEALTH CENTER , EMDBIR TOWENGURAGE ONE,CENTERAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.
    (wolkite universty, 2025-05) AZMACHU ALEMU; ETENESH NURAMO; YUNUS BEDIRU
    Background Pneumonia: is an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs. Ethiopia faces a critical challenge, with pneumonia responsible for 18% of all under five mortality. Socioeconomic challenges, like low parental education,poverty and overcrowded living conditions significantly increase vulnerability. Understanding these localized factors is essential for designing targeted interventions and improving child health outcomes in the region. Objective:To assess prevalence of pneumonia associated factors among under five children at emdbir health center emdbir town gurage zone centeral Ethiopia, 2025. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was employed. The study was conducted from November 28 to January 15. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from sampled mother or care giver who visiting under five children out patient department. Data collectors were discussed on data collection and data was checked for completeness and consistency each night after data collection by group members to maintain data quality Data was entered to Statistical Package for be Social Science (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis technique was applied. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Variables with p value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were then included in multivariate logistic regression model. . The significance level for interpreting the result of the multivariate logistic regression was set at p<0.05 respectively. Result: The prevalence of pneumonia in the study area was 26.8%., Among those factors children who’s MUAC were MAM(11.6-12.5) were 27.5% more likely develop pneumonia than those who’s MUAC were normal(>12.6) (P=0.009, AOR=0.275(0.104,0.725). children who had previous history of measles had 7.3% more likely develop pneumonia than children who has no history of measles were (P=0.000, AOR=0.073(0.34,0.153)). post term infants are 25.3% more likely to develop pneumonia than term infants (P= 0.032, AOR=0.253(0.072,0.890). children who’s age were between 12-23 months 3.4 times (p=0.015.AOR=3.418(1.2666,9.226) more likely develop pneumonia than those who’s age is between 2-11monthss. Were significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumonia in under 5 children. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of under-five pneumonia was twenty six percent. It was high. The study identified factors associated to under-five pneumonia such as; . The pre term infants are potential predictors of under-five pneumonia. MUAC ,the age of children and previous history of measles weeks are also potential predictors of under-five pneumonia
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    IMPLEMENTATION OF PRISONER’S RIGHT OF EDUCATION AND WORK; THE LAW AND PRACTICE IN WORABE TOWN PRISON ADMINISTRATION
    (wolkite universty, 2022-06) ABDI AHMEDIN
    This study’s cardinal purpose was at assessing the practice of the right to education and workofprisoners. Prisoners' education and work in the prison are emerging as a major corrections andsocial services issue. Right oriented services, almost non-existent a decade ago, are developing in institutional and community settings and a range of services including learning and works inthe prison centre. The study was conducted in worabe (silte zone) central prison centre. TheFDRE constitution allows the right to education and work of prisoners within the prisonpremises. 24 participants (14males and 10 females) were selected by using purposive sampling.The data obtained are analysed using table and percentage. The challenges for this right are thelaw itself and non-suitability of the prison administration. The law incorporated such rights theright to education and the right to work but there is no proclamation, regulation or directive hassituated way of implementation of those right unless imposing duty on the administration toimplement such rights. The government should bring out the rule and regulation for thatprisoner matriculation. The absence of institutional cooperation between institution like theprisoner administration with another institution like educational service and employer institution and there is no market accessibility for their production and labor force. The prison administration should be cooperated with other institution another one is there is lack of budgetto implementation of such right. The government should budget to the implementation of suchright.
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    THE IMPACT OF URBAN EXPANSION ON THE SURROUNDING FARMING HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOOD IN THE CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN, GURAGE ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA REGION.
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) BIRTUKAN MENGESHA; YALEWU ADINO
    This research was conducted to analysis the impact of urban expansion on thesurroundingfarminghousehold livelihood. The study focused on mainly impact of urbanization on farmer’s farm land, grazing land and livestock reduction in the society.To achieve this objective the data wascollected from primary and secondary source. From the total 1200 total households the researcherselected 40 respondent. Purposive sample technique was used to select the respondents and both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analysis the data. The finding also indicates that the horizontal expansion of wolkite town has impact on the surrounding household livelihood activities this cause of wolkite town expansion through investment. Due to this the agricultural land is changed to urban area. Depending on the result of this study the researcher would recommend to decrease the impact and improve the livelihood of the society by giving fair and effective compensation for the farmer who lost their land, facilitating vertical growth of the town rather than horizontal growth and reducing of rural urban migration.
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    IMPACTS OF SOIL EROSION ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND FARMERS LIVELIHOOD
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) ABREHAM SEWAGEGN; WUBISHET BIRUK
    Soil erosion is a worldwide challenge for sustainability of agriculture especially in the tropical region of Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world and most of its population lives in the high land area endowed plenty of resources the most severe soil erosion is observed in the eastern high part of the country Soil fertility declines is mainly caused by intensification of agriculture on already fragile land this process steeply dapples nutrients and extremely soil fertility loss through erosion can be precursor to desertification. The rates of soil erosion that exceed the generation of new top soil are a dynamic process which leads to decline in the soil productivity, low agricultural yield and income. The balance between soil-forming and depleting processes is of utmost importance for attaining long-term sustainability in any production system. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is a major impact in the high land regions of Sire around Eastern zones Sire particularly Lode Benben Keble. To achieve this objective the necessary data’s been collected from secondary and primary source. The primary data’s were obtained from questioners, interview, field observation and focus group discussion, and analyzed in qualitative and quantitative method. Field survey was conducted to collect the necessary data from 66 respondents which were selected by purposively probable sampling techniques.
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    ASSESSING IMPACTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF ANGECHA TOWN, KAMBATA ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) HENOK SHITAYE; MILKIYAS BIRHANU
    Waste management is a critical issue globally, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Angecha town faces significant challenges in household waste management, impacting public health and the environment. A study was conducted to assess the current situation and raise awareness within the community. The research aimed to evaluate the existing municipal waste management services in Angecha town, Analyze the composition of household waste, Assess the spatial coverage of waste management services and Examine institutional arrangements and capacities. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and field observations, supplemented by secondary sources. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed for analysis. Findings indicate that Angecha town's waste management heavily relies on the municipality, yet services lag behind waste generation. Biodegradable waste from households dominates the waste stream. Key challengesinclude Poor institutional structure and capacity within the sanitation department, Limited stakeholder participation, including communities, NGOs, and the private sector, Inadequate household waste management practices, such as improper storage, low separation, and illegal disposal. To address these challenges, recommendations include implementing sustainable waste management practices through awareness campaigns and training, enhancing institutional capacity, and adopting an integrated approach involving all stakeholders.
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    CHALLENGES OF URBAN LAND DELIVERY ON DEVELOPMENT IN BANSA DAYE TOWN, EAST SIDAMA ZONE, SIDAMA REGION ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) TOMAS TONE; WONDYE ASALF
    Land is the solid surface of the earth that is not permanently covered by water. Land is everything for human beings, having direct and indirect impacts. The study was conducted in Bansa Daye town, Sidama, Ethiopia, to assess the challenges of urban land delivery on development. In this study, a mixed research design was employed because both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. To achieve the objective of the study, the researchers followed a mixed-methods research approach. Both quantitative and qualitative research can support each other towards a better understanding of the issue under study. The primary data source was obtained through a questionnaire, an interview, and observation. Secondary data sources were obtained from reading materials, different books, and municipal offices. This study used descriptive research method using both primary and secondary data where probability and nonprobability sampling were used. For the study, 72 respondents were selected proportionally from 3965 households. Within the chosen kebeles, researchers identified four specific groups to collect data from: mayors (17 respondents), municipality officials (18 respondents), elders (12 respondents), and urban dwellers (25 respondents). This purposive sampling technique ensured data collection from a diverse range of individuals within the sampled kebeles. So the study was collected by employing interview guidelines, a questionnaire, and observation as data gathering tools. The data was analyzed through a mixed-data analysis method. Therefore, the qualitative data was analyzed and the narrative analysis method, and the quantitative data was analyzed throughdescriptive statistics like percentage and frequency. The findings of the study by the researcher were: poor land delivery on development policy, poor land compensation, poor master plan, misuse of land, loss of prime land to urban sprawl, lack of commitment by local government to deliver urban land properly, especially the municipality. Even though urban land delivery on development had positive impacts, it also had negative impacts, such as economic, social, and environmental impacts. The researcher finally recommended a possible solution for concerned bodies to further improve the condition of urban land delivery on development of the study area.
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    ASSESSEMENT OF THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN, GURAGE ZONE, AND CENTRAL ETHIOPIA.
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) Eshetu Kindie; Temesgen Belete
    Ethiopia has enormous water potential but still faces a range of challenges in drinking water supply. People in the study area are still without access to improved water sources, and even more are without access to consistently safe drinking water. In order to address the problem of drinking water various efforts were carried out by the involvement of different stakeholders. Therefore, The main objective of this study was to assess the challenge and prospect of drinking water supply in Wolkite town, Central Ethiopia. To realize this objective, both primary and secondary data were produced by utilizing qualitative and quantitative data. A total of 51 households were selected from three villages by using systematic random sampling. To gather the required information from selected respondents, questionnaire, key informant’s interviews, and focus group discussion were conducted. Descriptive survey statistics such as frequency and percentage was used to analyze quantitative data. The qualitative data obtained from interviews and FGD was analyzed by describing and interpreting the deeply the situation of challenges of drinking water supply. The major finding of the study indicate that the major causes of the water scarcity in the area was due to limited or few pipeline that caused by fast expansion of the town, which the few old existing pipelines cannot support. The survey result indicate that slow down progress in all domestic and commercial activities and exposed to water born disease due to drinking of unsafe water from open wells were major impact of shortage of drinking water in the study area
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    ASSESSING AGRICULTURAL LAND SIZE FRAGMENTATION AND IT’S ECONOMIC EFFECTS: IN THE CASE OF EZHA WOREDA IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA.
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) THOMAS KEBEDE; FITSUM TAMIRAT.
    The research title is focuses on the assessing Agricultural land size fragmentation and its socio economic effect the case of Ezha woreda Gurage Zone Central Ethiopia. Land fragmentation was a single farm consists of a large number of separated land plots in common agricultural phenomenon in many countries. To addressing of this, issue the study objective were to identify the main cause of agricultural land size fragmentation and its socio economic effect on agricultural land. To achieve this objective, the necessary data were collected from both primary and secondary data source. The samples were selected through a simple random sampling and respondent’s interviewee. The total sampling size was 43 respondents. The given data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative method. The present land holding or plots of land of farmers were located in difference places. The finding indicates, majority of the farmers have less than 1-hectare land in the study area. The major causes of agricultural land size fragmentation in the study area were population growth, land distribution and redistribution, increase number of farmers. The possible solution for agricultural land size fragmentation and its socio economic effect in Ezha woreda is controlling the population and creating job opportunity other than agriculture.
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    Assessment of Soil Conservation Practices and Challenges The Case of Bokoji Nageso Kebele,in Limu Bilbilo Woreda of Arsi Zone,Oromia Region ,Ethiopia
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) Lalisa Chala; Juhar Mokenen
    This study was conducted in Bokoji Nageso kebele in Limu Bilbilo woreda,Arsi Zone,Oromia,Ethiophia with the objective of identifying challenges that influence soil conservation practices and management on it. For in the study ninenty-one(91) respondents were selected from a total of 802 households sampled using simple random sampling. The information was obtained from both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source was obtained through a questionnaire, an interview, and observation. While secondary data sources were obtained from reading materials, different books, and municipal offices. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to obtain realizable information.the result show that soil conservation practices and challenges influences the level of investment in soil conservation and the number of years of the household has spent farming as living the household labor. The elements that challenges soil conservation practices,ownership of land, and farmers on soil erosion are significantly related to improveing conservation practices to protect their soil from loss by using traditional and improved soil conservation practices.The researchers findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, extension workers, and other stakeholders to develop targeted strategies and interventions to promote soil conservation practices and management in the study area. Finally researchers tried to assess some problems with the soil conservation practices and challenges in the study area based on the respondents and some recommendations for the problem.
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    Challenge and Opportunities of Watershed Management Practice in Kochere Woreda Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia Region, Ethiopia
    (wolkite universty, 2024-08) PETROS BECHO; TAMIRAT SHEGINU
    This research study investigated the challenges and opportunities of watershed management practices in Kochere Woreda, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia Region. The research aims to provide valuable insights into the complexities surrounding watershed management in the region, highlighting both the obstacles faced and the potential avenues for sustainable water resource management practices in Kochere woreda. In this study, primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were obtained or gathered through personal observation; secondary data were obtained from different written materials,published and unpublished sources, and different books. The total number of households in the kebele was 1228. This sample size was determined by 7% of the total study, which is 1228 households. This was done using simple random sampling techniques to give equal chances to all respondents to be selected and minimize biases by every 92 respondents. The data was collected using a questionnaire from sampled households and personal observation. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively by using statements and quantitatively by tables, frequencies, and percentages, presented, and interpreted. Identifies and analyzes the primary challenges hindering effective watershed management in Kochere Woreda, such as deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, a lack of community participation, and inadequate infrastructure. The challenge of watershed management has its own impacts on the environment. It leads to poverty, food insecurity, and social conflict. The negative socio-economic consequences of unsustainable resource use are significant. According to the respondents, there are watershed management practices in the study area, and they practiced physical methods of watershed management. However, farmers and most stakeholders were not aware of the major constraints for increasing effective watershed management practices, specifically in terms of economic, social, technological, technical, physical, natural, and environmental aspects. While practicing watershed management measures, the community was hindered by a lack of management equipment, a lack of incentives, a lack of advanced technology, and a lack of awareness. As recommended by the researcher, awareness, provision of equipment's provision, and incentives by governments were strategies forwarded by the researcher to minimize the problem in the study area.