PREVALENCE OF PNEUMONIA AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN AT EMDBIR HEALTH CENTER , EMDBIR TOWENGURAGE ONE,CENTERAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.

Abstract

Background Pneumonia: is an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs. Ethiopia faces a critical challenge, with pneumonia responsible for 18% of all under five mortality. Socioeconomic challenges, like low parental education,poverty and overcrowded living conditions significantly increase vulnerability. Understanding these localized factors is essential for designing targeted interventions and improving child health outcomes in the region. Objective:To assess prevalence of pneumonia associated factors among under five children at emdbir health center emdbir town gurage zone centeral Ethiopia, 2025. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was employed. The study was conducted from November 28 to January 15. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from sampled mother or care giver who visiting under five children out patient department. Data collectors were discussed on data collection and data was checked for completeness and consistency each night after data collection by group members to maintain data quality Data was entered to Statistical Package for be Social Science (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis technique was applied. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Variables with p value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were then included in multivariate logistic regression model. . The significance level for interpreting the result of the multivariate logistic regression was set at p<0.05 respectively. Result: The prevalence of pneumonia in the study area was 26.8%., Among those factors children who’s MUAC were MAM(11.6-12.5) were 27.5% more likely develop pneumonia than those who’s MUAC were normal(>12.6) (P=0.009, AOR=0.275(0.104,0.725). children who had previous history of measles had 7.3% more likely develop pneumonia than children who has no history of measles were (P=0.000, AOR=0.073(0.34,0.153)). post term infants are 25.3% more likely to develop pneumonia than term infants (P= 0.032, AOR=0.253(0.072,0.890). children who’s age were between 12-23 months 3.4 times (p=0.015.AOR=3.418(1.2666,9.226) more likely develop pneumonia than those who’s age is between 2-11monthss. Were significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumonia in under 5 children. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of under-five pneumonia was twenty six percent. It was high. The study identified factors associated to under-five pneumonia such as; . The pre term infants are potential predictors of under-five pneumonia. MUAC ,the age of children and previous history of measles weeks are also potential predictors of under-five pneumonia