Masters of Art
URI for this collectionhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/987654321/8
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Item ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS AT DINKULA SECONDARY AND PREPARATORY SCHOOL: GRADE 10 IN FOCUS(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-11) WORKENSH BADERGAThis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of teaching speaking skills at Dikula Secondary and Preparatory School Gurage Zone. To conduct the study, a descriptive survey method was employed. Thus, 104 students were selected using a simple random sampling method at Dinkula Secondary and Preparatory School of Grade 10 to complete the designed questionnaire. Besides, three EFL teachers were selected using available sampling technique. Observations and interviews were held to see the actual practices of teachers while they were teaching speaking skills. Data collected from questionnaires were analyzed manually based on open and selective coding quantitatively whereas data gained from observations and interviews were analyzed using descriptive statistics qualitatively. The data indicated that most of the speaking instructions that EFL teachers employed were not created a conductive environment for learners to practice the language in order to improve their speaking skills. Most of the students were not able to express their own feelings, attitudes and ideas using the target language. Students were passive learners .Hence, the overall findings indicated that the majority of teachers give little emphasis for students speaking skills. As a result, the researcher recommend that EFL teachers should give due emphasis while speaking skills. Besides, teachers need sufficient training in teaching the language to enrich and update themselves.Item PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN WOLKITE TOWN(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-12) SIRAJ TEMAMSolid waste management (SWM) is the collection, transfer and disposal of all non-liquid and nongaseous solid materials from residential, commercial, institutional, construction, demolishing area and from street sweeping. Most civilized countries recognize the importance of solid waste management as it has socioeconomic, environmental and health values. However, developing countries like Ethiopia have low consciousness and limited involvements in SWM. Based on this premises, this study is aimed to assess the SWM practices of the municipality in Wolkite town in southern Ethiopia. Descriptive research design with mixed research approach was employed in the study. Totally, 399 sample households were involved in household survey, while, other key informants from the municipality, health institutions and local community were involved in in-depth interview and FGD. The survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics that was complemented by narration of qualitative data obtained from interview & FGDs. The finding of the study indicates that almost all of the households have temporary storage for solid wastes at their home. However, most of the households didn’t store wastes separately based on the nature of the wastes. Disposing solid wastes in illegal sites is highly practiced by most households. Challenges like: limited awareness on solid waste management, inconsistent solid waste collection services by the municipality, in adequacy and inefficiency of the private solid waste collectors, poor coordination of governmental organizations and the private sectors in SWM are the major challenges affecting the SWM system of the study area. Furthermore, shortage of solid waste disposing containers and trucks in the municipality, financial constraints, inadequate human power to engage in SWM, lack of proper implementations of rules and regulations and lack of decentralized SWM services of the municipality are also among the bottlenecks that challenged the SWM practices in Wolkite town. In order to curb the challenge on SWM, concerned stakeholders should jointly work. Moreover, the municipality should carry out all the facilities for effective and efficient SWM in the town.Item PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES OF LOCAL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF URBAN ROAD PROJECTS IN GUNCHIRE TOWN(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-11) AMARE ZERGAThe purpose of this study was to examine the coverage of existing road infrastructure problem of the town and then knowing the level of satisfaction of the community with currently provided road infrastructure. Based on this it needs to evaluate the existing participation level of the community in urban road infrastructure and identifying the factors that hinder community participation and identify an approach to improve the participation of the community in road construction. The objective of the study was to examine the participation of the local community in the activities of planning, construction, and maintenance of road infrastructure projects and forwarding feasible recommendations. Accordingly, a design of a cross sectional study was employed to analyze the practice and challenges of local community participation in planning, construction, maintenance of urban road projects in the case of Gunchire Town, Gurage Zone. This study collected data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary quantitative data generated through using a questionnaire, while, qualitative data gathered by using interviews. In addition, the secondary data were collected to support findings obtained from the primary source. The findings demonstrate the existed road coverage of the town does not meet the road demand of the town community in case of poor quality of the road, with erosion and cracking of road it lost the standard of road and the decision-making process does not give the opportunity to the community to inform their demanding needs and priorities. And also this study revealed that there was low community participation performance during the planning, construction, and maintenance of urban road projects.Item ASSESSING THE ROLE OF MICRO AND SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES ON POVERTY REDUCTION: THE CASE OF SODO WEREDA GURAGE ZONE, SNNPRS(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-04) DEBEBE ADANEPoverty is a condition in which people lack satisfactory material resources, are unable to access basic services, and are constrained in their ability to exercise rights, share power and lend their voices to the institutions and processes which affect the social, economic and political environments in which they live and work (Siyum, 2015) Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected in the cross-sectional survey using questionnaires and interviews. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of micro and small enterprises in poverty reduction. The researcher used descriptive research design due to the nature of the problem. The researcher distributed 170 questionnaires to the respondents, 167 questionnaires were returned. Out of the returned questionnaires, 3 were incomplete. After excluding all the questionnaires with incomplete and missing data, a total of 164 (96.5%) of the questionnaires were retained and analyzed using SPSS version-23.Descriptive statistics was used and reviewed. The issue urges the commitment of all stakeholders such as local government, entrepreneurs, financing institutions, educational institutions, researchers and NGO. Provision of regular awareness raising workshops and counseling are necessary to develop a culture that support and reward entrepreneurship. Therefore, the proper implementation of the forwarded areas of intervention in the study area requires the real commitment of different stakeholders is highly indispensable.Item RURAL WOMEN EDUCATION ACCESS AND ITS EFFECT ON THEIR LIVELIHOOD IN KEBENA SPECIAL WOREDA, CENTRAL REGIONAL STATE OF ETHIOPIA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-04) MESELE YILMA ACHAMYELEHThe aim of this study was to assess rural women education access and its effect on their livelihood in kebena Special woreda, Central Regional State. The study employed Descriptive and Explanatory research design. Purposive, proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 358 rural women, 20 interviewees from male headed households. Primary data was collected using self – administered and interviewer - administered questionnaires and interview. Secondary source of data was used by reviewing documents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the quantitative data and multiple linear regression analyses were used. Qualitative data was collected and narrated systematically using content analysis approach to support the quantitative data analyses results. The findings’ of the study unraveled that no sufficient access to education for most of women and poor status of women education in the study area. The one – way ANOVA test results indicates the existence of significant differences between the educational statuses of women in their livelihood. Furthermore, the linear regression analysis results revealed status and access to education significantly affected the livelihood of most women accounted for 78.3% of the variance on the livelihood of most of the women in the selected kebeles. Therefore, from the results of the study it can be inferred that great majority of women are not in a position to manage their livelihood because of their low status of education and insufficient access of education. Thus, this study suggests that concerned bodies on rural women education and livelihood have to give serious attention and work hard in creating ways to improve women education as well as their livelihood.Item ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND EMPLOYEES’ SATISFACTION(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2020-10) Kasahun TAMIRATA study entitled Assessment of performance management system and employees’ satisfaction Ethiopia was conducted with the aim of identifying determinants affecting the employees satisfaction in some selected west Addis Abeba . A three stage random sampling technique was used to select representative employees; and a total of 349 employees were surveyed to collect primary data from sample respondent using a semi-structured questionnaire. Secondary data were also collected through reviewing of different documents from commercial bank of Ethiopia. Both descriptive and econometric methods of data analysis (binomial logit model) were used. The result of econometric analysis revealed that age, sex, access to training, and good working envaroment were found to significantly affect the employee satisfaction in the organization. The finding, therefore, focused to build the capacity and knowledge of employees with training, good working envaroment that satisfaying of employees towards it is works in the commercial bank of ethiopia.Item AN EVALUATION OF THE WRITING TASKS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION; INTHE CASE OF GRADE 12 ENGLISH TEXT BOOK(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-08) DEJENE DEGAGAThe purpose of this study was to evaluate grade 12 the old English textbook writing tasks and their implementations. A descriptive research design was used. The writing tasks of the study included a Grade 12 the old English textbook, 50 grade twelve students, and three English teachers. The simple random sampling technique and the comprehensive sampling technique were used to select the participant students and teachers, respectively. As data collection tools, document analysis, questionnaires, and observations were used. Then, the book was evaluated using the checklist, and the data obtained from participant teachers and students were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data from the document analysis were analyzed qualitatively while data from the questionnaire and observation were analyzed quantitatively. All the activities presented in the writing tasks were designed in accordance with the data collected from questionnaire and observation. The variety of writing activities was not enough. The activities include a limited variety of active learning methods. Moreover, most of the activities did not include the three stages of language learning; pre-task, while task, and post-task. The teachers did not appropriately implement the tasks. The roles of learners and teachers in the writing tasks of the book were appropriate. However, these roles were not clearly stated in the book. The number of individual work activities was relatively high compared to the whole class and group activities. More number of pair and group work activities exceeding individual activities should be include in the writing tasks.Item TheCaseofHidaseYewogerawoGeneralSecondarySchoolinMihurnaAklil WoredaofGurageZone;CenteralRegionalSt ateofEthiopi(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-08) ErmiasDeaBramoLack of adequate information on the use of Rhizobium strain and nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur boron (NPSB) fertilizer rates are the major yield limiting factors for producing mung bean in the study area. Therefore, the study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nodulation, growth and yield responses of two varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) at differ ent rates of NPSB fertilizer and Rhizobium inoculates. A field experiment was carried out during the main cropping season of 2021/22 at Misirak Meskan District in Farmers Training Center (FTC). The treatments combinations were two levels of Rhizobium inoculation (with and with out), two mung bean varieties N-26 (Rassa) and NVL-1(Nassa) and four levels of NPSB fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a 2×2×4 factorial combination in randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were collected from the experimental field at (0-30cm depth) before planting and after harvest to determine selected soil physicochemical properties. Data on growth, nodulation, yield and yield components were rec orded and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results on soil physicochemical proper ties analyzed before planting and after harvest showed significant differences due to the com bined effects of NPSB fertilizers and Rhizobium inoculation. Crop phenology (days to 50% flow ering and days to physiological maturity), growth (plant height, number of primary and second ary branches, shoot fresh and dry weight, root dry weight), and nodulation (number of nodules, nodule fresh and dry) weight of mung bean varieties were significantly affected by NPSB fertiliz er rates and Rhizobium inoculation. Moreover, the interaction effects of NPSB fertilizer rates, Rhizobium inoculation and mung bean varieties showed significant effects on number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, a hundred seed weight, harvest index, grain yield and above ground biomass. The highest mean value of grain yield(2105.77 kg ha-1) was obtained from a combined effect of 150 kg NPSB ha-1 and Rhizobium inoculation from variety N-26 which result ed in 61.28% followed by (2078.90 kg ha-1) which was increased by 62.07% at the rate of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 increase over the control (1290.37 kg ha-1). Furthermore, the number of seeds per plant, a hundred seeds weight, above ground dry biomass and HI of mung bean were recorded the highest mean values (607.33), (7.50 g), (4241.67 kg ha-1) and 0.483, respectively at the rate of 150 kg NPSB ha-1 fertilizer with a Rhizobium inoculation. The partial budget analysis re vealed that the maximum (ETB 108600.6 ha-1) net benefit was obtained from combined application of rhizobium inoculation and 100 kg NPSB ha-1from variety N-26 with MRR of 10130% And minimum (ETB 68572.8 ha-1) net benefit was obtained from the control. A net benefit ad vantage of 63.14% (ETB 68572.8 ha-1) when compared with the maximum and minimum net benefit. Hence, Rhizobium inoculation with application of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 could be tentatively recommended for mung bean production in Misirak Meskan area. However, the experiment should be repeated over years and locations to provide valid recommendations appropriate for the study site.Item PROTECTION OF MINORITY RIGHTS UNDER ETHIOPIAN FEDERAL ARRANGEMENT᎓ASSESSMENT ON THE PROTECTION SCHEME OF ADAMI TULU AND JIDO KOMBOLCHA WOREDA IN EAST SHOA ZONE, OROMIYA REGINAL STATE, ETHIOPIA.(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-09)Only eight of Ethiopia's more than 76 ethnic groups, including their subgroups, have been granted their own regions by the federal government. The territorial autonomy afforded to ethno-national communities emphasizes the Ethiopian federal system’s distinct division of territories, despite the diversity among its individual constituents. Within the autonomous area designated for each group, the related ethno-national community possesses full territorial authority and governance. Based on the 2007 census, nearly all ethnic groups are dispersed throughout the region, yet their unique identities have not been acknowledged in the Oromiya constitution. The research primarily aimed to explore the Ethiopian federations and the issue of minority rights within the Adami Tulu and Jido Kombolcha Woreda. This study specifically aimed to identify the prevailing political practices surrounding minority representation, the obstacles minorities encounter in asserting their rights, and to propose strategies for safeguarding those rights. The data was analyzed using a qualitative interpretive approach. To gain perspectives from the target community, the researcher conducted interviews with 32 heads of households, selected through purposive sampling; among these, 11 belonged to the Amhara group, 8 were from Mareko, 7 represented Gurage, and 6 were from the Silte minority groups. Moreover, 3 local experts were interviewed by the researcher. In total, 35 individuals participated in the interviews. For the focus group discussion (FGD), the researcher purposefully selected 10 participants, which included 6 heads of offices from the woreda government and 4 notable members of minority groups. Consequently, a total of 45 individuals participated in the study. The findings indicate that language barriers and discrimination constituted the main challenges faced by the Amhara, Mareko, Gurage, and Silte minorities within the studied region.Item STUDIES ASSESSING FARMERS’ PERCEPTION ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE CASE OF ABESHGE WEREDA, ETHIOPIA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) WENDMAGEGN TARIKUThis study examines smallholder farmers’ perceptions of agricultural extension services in Abeshga Woreda, Ethiopia, focusing on efficacy, challenges, and demographic barriers. The research assesses how extension services influence farmers' engagement with agricultural innovations and identifies systemic gaps in service delivery. Employing a convergent parallel design methods, data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to randomly selected farmers across four kebeles (Gareba, Tachgnaw Gareba, Bido, and Fita Jeju), supplemented by qualitative insights. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to evaluate correlations between perceptions and crop productivity outcomes. Findings indicate that a significant proportion of farmers rated extension services as moderately satisfactory, with many acknowledging strengths such as timely information dissemination and technical support. However, a notable segment expressed dissatisfaction due to delays, resource shortages, and limited customization of services to their specific needs. Gender disparities were evident, with male farmers dominating participation, reflecting women’s restricted access to resources and decision-making roles. An aging farming population and youth migration further threaten agricultural sustainability in the region. Educational barriers, including low literacy rates and limited formal schooling, hinder the adoption of modern practices, affecting pest control, crop management, and market strategies. To enhance the impact of extension services, the study recommends participatory extension models that involve farmers in co-designing solutions, gender-responsive programs to empower women through improved resource access, intergenerational knowledge transfer to bridge gaps between elders and youth, and literacy-adapted training using visual and verbal tools. Addressing these challenges could improve service effectiveness, boost agricultural productivity, and strengthen food security in Abeshga Woreda.