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ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN-HOSPITA MORTALITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, 2023-2026: A CROSS-SECTIONAL CHART REVIEW
(wolkite University, 2026-06) ABDULSEMED WORKU
Background: Acute coronary syndrome remains a major cause of in-hospital mortality in low-resource settings, where access to reperfusion therapy and specialized cardiac care is limited. Evidence on determinants of outcomes in such contexts is scarce, particularly from non-revascularization centers in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the magnitude of in-hospital mortality and identify its independent predictors among patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital, in the years 2023-2026; Wolkite Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional chart review was conducted among 212 consecutive Acute Coronary Syndrome patients admitted between 2023 and 2026. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, in-hospital complications, and outcomes were extracted using a structured checklist. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality (died vs discharged alive). Bivariate logistic regression was performed to identify candidate predictors, followed by multivariable logistic regression using an events-pervariable–guided approach. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and pseudo R² statistics. Result: The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 16.1%, with substantially higher mortality among patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In multivariable analysis, Killip class IV at presentation [AOR=11], ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis [AOR= 3.6], elevated serum creatinine indicating acute kidney injury (AOR ≈ 10), and composite in-hospital complications [AOR=14] were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The final model demonstrated good fit (Hosmer– Lemeshow, p = 0.718) and strong explanatory power (Nagelkerke R² = 0.73). Conclusion: In-hospital mortality among Acute Coronary Syndrome patients in our study was high and driven primarily by clinical severity and in-hospital complications. Early risk stratification and improved supportive care for high-risk patients are essential to improve outcomes in resource-limited settings.
ADHERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON FOLLOW UP AT GURAGHE ZONE HOSPITALS,CENTRAL ETHIOPIA NOV-DEC,2025
(wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr.DANIEL FUJAGA
Background: Optimal blood pressure control depends largely on patients’ adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications. However, medication non-adherence continues to be a major challenge. In Ethiopia, although several studies have examined antihypertensive medication adherence, findings on associated factors vary, and evidence from Guraghe Zone hospitals is lacking. Method: A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November-1 to December-30, 2025 in three selected Hospitals of Guraghe Zone. A simple random sampling technique was used to select hospitals and study subjects were proportionally allocated. A total of 368 adult hypertensive patients on follow-up who visit during the study period were consecutively enrolled until the required sample attained. Medication adherence was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.7 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done at a 95% confidence interval (CI). A variable with a P-value 4.33) and duration of antihypertensive treatment for less than five years (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10–0.94). Conclusion: Adherence to antihypertensive medication was found to be suboptimal. This study identified place of residence, educational level, blood pressure control status, use of health insurance coverage and duration of hypertension treatment as independent predictors of medication adherence. Therefore targeted counseling more focusing on first years of therapy and strengthening health insurance coverage is recommended
ASTHMA CONTROL STATUS AND ASSSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ON FOLLOW-UP AT PUBLIC HOSPITAL IN GURAGHE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. AKMEL MOHAMED
Background: Asthma is a major health challenge globally where majority of the patients have uncontrolled disease status. According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, one of the goals of asthma management is to achieve clinical control. Despite good understanding of therapeutic regimens, there is evidence for suboptimal asthma control in many patients. However, there is limited local evidence on the magnitude of uncontrolled asthma and its associated factors in our setting. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess level of poor asthma control and associated factors among asthmatic patients attending public hospitals in Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among clinically diagnosed asthmatic patients who were consecutively enrolled from follow up clinic at public hospital in Gurage zone. Data were collected using a interviewer-administered questionnaire and asthma control was assessed based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between independent factors and uncontrolled asthma. A variables with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.05 declared as having significant association. Result: Among the 283 study participants, the mean age was 53 ± 14 years, and the median duration of asthma was 9 ± 7 years. Out of total participants,74.9% (212/283) had uncontrolled asthma. Uncontrolled asthma was significantly associated with variables including salbutamol use as rescue medication (AOR = 5.18; 95% CI: 2.21–12.18), poor pMDI technique (AOR = 12.35; 95% CI: 3.54–43.06), presence of comorbid disease (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.41–7.26), longer asthma duration (>6–30 years) (AOR = 11.3; 95% CI: 6.2–20.6), illiteracy (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.12–5.62)and lack of regular physician follow-up (AOR 11.65 (2.97– 45.79)) were significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma. Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly three fourth of asthma patient at follow up had uncontrolled asthma. Poor inhaler technique, inadequate follow-up, longer disease duration, comorbid conditions, and lower educational status were factors associated with it. Therefore, promoting regular follow up, strengthening patient centered counseling particularly for patients with comorbidities and low educational status would help control asthma
CLINICAL OUTCOME OF COMPLICATED MALARIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN LESS THAN 5 YEARS DIAGNOSED WITH MALARIA AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALISED TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.
(wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr.ABDULFETAH NUREDIN
Background: Malaria is a major public health problem and a life-threatening parasitic infection, particularly among immunologically naive children who are highly vulnerable to severe complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes and factors associated with severe malaria among children under five diagnosed at WUCSRH in a retrospective study. Methods: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing medical records and logbooks of children under five diagnosed with malaria. A total of 427 children were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, cleaned, coded, entered into SPSS, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results were presented in narrative form and tables. Results: Of the 427 children, 190 (44.5%) had severe malaria. The most frequent complications were severe anemia 114 (26.7%), seizures 40 (9.4%), prostration 20 (4.7%), cerebral malaria 10 (2.3%), acute kidney injury 4 (0.9%), and hypoglycemia 2 (0.5%). Treatment outcomes showed that 177 (41.9%) were discharged improved, 1 (0.2%) referred, 7 (1.6%) left against medical advice, and 3 (0.7%) died. Season of presentation, duration of illness, and patient residence were independently associated with severe malaria. Children presenting in spring had lower odds of severe malaria compared to summer (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.10–0.55). Delayed presentation of 2–7 days increased the risk of severe malaria (AOR = 44.62; 95% CI: 23.01–86.53; p < 0.001), while children living near the health acility had lower odds (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.57; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Severe malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five. Early healthcare seeking, improved access to health facilities, and preventive measures are essential to reduce its burden and improve outcomes in endemic areas
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OBSTRUCTED LABOR AND ITS MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES AMONG MOTHERS WHO GAVE BIRTH AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL: UNMATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY, WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA
(wolkite University, 2026-06) MUKTAR MOHAMMAD
Background: Global maternal mortality due to obstructed labor is responsible for 9% of all maternal deaths. About half of the maternal deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa alone and one third took place in South Asia. Obstructed labor contributes 13% of maternal death in Ethiopia. Women who experienced obstructed labor for prolonged time can be complicated with fistula, serious social issues of divorce, separation from religious exercises, detachment from their families which can worsen poverty and malnutrition. Objective: To assess factors associated with obstructed labor and its maternal and perinatal outcomes among mothers who gave birth in WKUSH from January, 2022 to December, 2024 Methodology: Unmatched case - control study design was employed among cases and controls who delivered in WKUSH from January, 2022 to December 2024. Total sample size calculated to be 176, 59 were cases and 117 were control. Cases of obstructed labor were selected by simple random sampling and convenience sampling was employed to enroll the control group. Bivariate analysis between dependent and independent variables was performed. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were used as statistically significant factors and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure strength of association. Results: A total of 176 study subject, 59 cases and 117 control were enrolled the study. After performing multivariate logistic regression, four variables (distance from WKUSH, nulliparity, partograph utilization and place of labor follow up at health center) were the significant predictors of obstructed labor. Stillbirth, birth asphyxia, postpartum hemorrhage, obstetric fistula, SSI, longer hospital stay and maternal death were the major adverse perinatal outcome identified among cases. Conclusions: Obstructed labor was associated with increased maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Stillbirth, birth asphyxia, postpartum hemorrhage, SSI, longer hospital stay, obstetric fistula and maternal death were the common adverse outcomes of obstructed labor. Increasing accessibility of comprehensive obstetric care to the community, improving partograph utilization, and optimal creation of awareness in the community for birth preparedness and complication readiness may prevent occurrence of obstructed labor.
GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2025.
(wolkite University, 2025-06) Dr. YONAS GIRMA
Background: Poor glycemic control is a major public health issue among patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus and it is a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications. Numerous studieshave documented the importance of glycemic control and the factors that influence it. However; as of the studies done previously in Ethiopia the result are wide in terms of magnitude and its determinants. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and its determinant factors of poor glycemic control among type 2diabetes patients public hospitals of Gurage zone, central Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 316 patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus attending follow-up clinics at public hospitals in the Gurage Zone from November to December 2025. Study participants were selected using a systematic probability sampling technique, andall eligible patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected through face-to-faceinterviews using a structured questionnaire and by reviewing patients’ medical charts. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics wereused to summarize the data, while bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performedto identify factors associated with glycemic control. Results: Among the 316 study participants, 216 (68.4%) had poor glycemic control and 100 (31.6%) hadgood glycemic control. Longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.73–9.80), poor medicationadherence (AOR = 7.64; 95% CI: 3.59–16.28), non-adherence to dietary recommendations (AOR = 2.55;95% CI: 1.15–5.65), and older age (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI: 2.41–16.86) were independently associated withincreased odds of poor glycemic control. Access to a health care facility was associated with reduced odds of poor glycemic control (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12–0.54). Diabetic complications, comorbidity status, and community-based health insurance were not significant in the adjusted analysis. Conclusion and Recommendations: Poor glycemic control was highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gurage Zone public hospitals. Longer duration of diabetes, poor medication and dietary adherence, older age, and who lack access to health care facilities were significant predictors of poor glycemic control. Strengthening patient education on adherence, improving access to chronic care services, and prioritizing high-risk groups are essential to improve glycemic outcomes
IN HOSPITAL OUTCOME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL FROM OCTOBER 2023 TO DECEMBER 2025: HOSPITALBASED RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(wolkite University, 2026-06) SEID YESUF
Background: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middleincome countries, including Ethiopia. However, evidence on in-hospital treatment patterns, complications, and predictors of outcome among hospitalized stroke patients remains limited. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among patients admitted with acute stroke. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, in-hospital treatment, complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of poor in-hospital outcomes. Results: A total of 236 patients admitted with acute stroke were included in the study. The mean age was 62.1 ± 13.7 years, with a slight male predominance (51.7%). Hypertension (67.8%) was the most common risk factor, and most patients presented late after symptom onset. Ischemic stroke accounted for 59.3% of cases. Overall, 41.1% of patients experienced a poor outcome, including clinical deterioration (28.0%) and death (12.3%). In multivariable analysis, moderate to severe impairment of consciousness at admission (AOR = 6.98; p < 0.001), higher admission RBS (AOR = 2.26; p = 0.032), renal dysfunction (AOR = 2.87; p = 0.016), delayed blood pressure management (AOR = 2.89; p = 0.041), and prolonged hospital stay (AOR 3.12; p = 0.008) were independent predictors Conclusion: Poor in-hospital outcomes among stroke patients remain substantial. Admission neurological status and random blood sugar, renal dysfunction, delayed blood pressure management, and prolonged hospitalization are key associated factors of adverse outcomes, highlighting the need for early risk stratification and comprehensive inpatient care in resource-limited settings
MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED TO SURGICAL WARD OF WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA.
(wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr Abel Woldegiorgis
Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are defined as infections apparent within 30 days of an operative procedure and a year if prosthetic implant is used. Globally, surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most commonly encountered complications after surgery(1). No study, on SSI, had been done in Wolkite university comprehensive specialized hospital (WUCSH). Therefore, this study was intended to determine the magnitude and associated factors of surgical site infections among patients admitted to surgical ward of WUCSH. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 168 files of patients who had been operated and admitted to surgical ward during the study period. Collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Binary logistic regression test was done to determine the relationship of SSIs and risk factors. Results were presented in tables and charts. Results: A total of 984 patients underwent both emergency and elective surgeries during the study period. The magnitude of SSI was 14.9% (95% CI: 9.9-21.2). Age of the patient (AOR 1.45(95%CI: 1.09-1.93), contaminated wound class (AOR 3.09, 95%CI 1.09-8.78), presence of surgical drain (AOR 8.13: 95%CI: 2.41-27.39) longer postop stay (AOR 1.29, 95%CI1.08-1.54) and high number of people in the OR (AOR 3.28, 95%CI 1.35-7.93) were found statistically significant risk factors. Surgical drain being the strongest risk factor. Conclusion and recommendation: The magnitude of SSI was generally high. The risk factors associated with SSI were: older age of the patient, contaminated wound, use of surgical drain, prolonged postoperative hospital stay and presence of large number of people in OR during the procedure. It is advisable for the hospital to have a standardized protocol to use a surgical drain and strictly monitor OR traffic and early safe discharge of patients to reduce surgical site infection rates.
MAGNITUDE AND FACTORS INFLUENCINGOPTIMALESCALATION OF GUIDELINE-DIRECTED MEDICALTHERAPYAMONG CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITHREDUCEDEJECTION FRACTION IN COMPREHENSIVE HOSPITALSOFCENTRAL ETHIOPIAN REGION, ETHIOPIA. A CROSS SECTIONALSTUDY.
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. ABDULFETAH ABDULHAKIM
and dose optimization of GDMT remain sub-optimal inmanylowresource settings. This study assessed the magnitude and factors influencing optimal escalationof GDMT among HFrEF patients in comprehensive hospitals of Central Ethiopia. Methods: A mixed-methods, institution-based cross-sectional study was conductedamongadultHFrEF patients attending medical referral clinics in selected comprehensive hospitals in Central Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected from 93 patients using structured tools andanalyzedwith SPSS version 23. multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associatedwith GDMT optimization. In parallel, key informant interviews were conducted withcliniciansand pharmacists, and facility observations were performed to explore system-level barriers. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: Although most patients received at least one component of GDMT, noneachieve doptimal beta-blocker dosing, and 63% were taking less than 25%of the recommended target dose. Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) was verylimited. On multivariable analysis, higher systolic blood pressure (AOR = 1.047, 95%CI: 1.003–1.093), the absence of community-based health insurance (CBHI) (AOR = 0.288, 95%CI: 0.091–0.915),and longer duration of heart failure (AOR = 1.572, 95% CI: 1.055–2.344) were independently associated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) use. No significant predictors were identified for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), and SGLT2I escalation. Qualitative findings revealed limited availability of GDMT medications, lack of training onheart failure management, absence of local guidelines and protocols, high patient load, and supply chain and insurance-related constraints as major barriers to optimization. Conclusion: Optimal escalation of GDMT among HFrEF patients in Central Ethiopiai markedly sub-optimal, particularly for beta-blockers and newer therapies. System-level and provider-level barriers, rather than patient factors, predominantly limit implementation. Strengthening drug supply systems, clinical guidelines, provider training, and alongside improving the effectiveness of CBHI, is essential to translate evidence-based recommendations into improved patient outcomes.
MAGNITUDE OF ADVERSE EARLY NEONATAL OUTCOMES AND IT’S ASSOCIATED FACRORS AFTER EMERGENCY CESAREAN DELIVERY AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, CERS, ETHIOPIA, 2026: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
(wolkite University, 2026-06) ADANE HABTE BEREKA
Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality after cesarean delivery varies with the type of cesarean delivery and is greater for neonates delivered by emergency cesarean delivery than elective counterparts. Early neonatal outcomes after cesarean section are influenced by preoperative and intraoperative feto-maternal factors, most of which are preventable. However, evidence from the study area is limited. Objective: amid to assess magnitude of adverse early neonatal outcomes and associated factors after emergency cesarean delivery at Wolkite University comprehensive specialized Hospital, Central Ethiopia. Method: Institution based retrospective study was conducted among 270 emergency cesarean deliveries. Data were collected using a structured checklist and entered to Epi data 4.2 and was exported to STATA version 17 for data analysis. Modified Poisson regression with robust SE was employed to identify factors with the outcome. Significance level was obtained using adjusted relative risk (ARR) with 95% CI and p value < 0.05. Result: Overall, 89 (32.96%: CI; 27.6%-38.81%) of the newborns experienced early neonatal adverse outcomes. Moreover, placental-related hemorrhage (ARR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.15; p = 0.004) and second stage of labor during C/S decision (ARR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.22–1.70; p < 0.001) were associated with early neonatal adverse outcome related to emergency C/S. Conclusion: In the current study, one-third of early neonatal adverse outcomes were associated with emergency cesarean section (CS). Placental-related hemorrhage and cesarean delivery performed during the second stage of labor were significantly associated with early neonatal adverse outcomes following emergency CS. These findings highlight the need for timely identification and management of placental complications and careful decision-making regarding the timing of cesarean delivery to improve neonatal outcomes.
MAGNITUDE OF MATERNITY WAITING HOME UTILIZATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN WHO GAVE BIRTH WITHIN 12 MONTHS BEFORE SURVEY IN GETA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIAN,2025
(wolkite University, 2026-06) CHERU BIREGA
Introduction: Maternity waiting homes are a cost-effective approach to ensure safer deliveries and healthier mothers and babies. It is important to enhance accessibility of healthcare services, by closing the gap between remote communities and medical facilities, an ensuring timely access to skilled birth attendance. In Sub-Saharan Africa, close to 30% of women with proper ANC follow-up ended up delivering at home. The types of waiting homes and their capacity to accommodate clients differed across regions in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the magnitude of maternity waiting home Utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth within 12 months prior to the survey in rural kebeles of Geta district Gurage zone, Central Ethiopian. 2025 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to determine the extent of maternity waiting home utilization and its associated factors among women who gave birth within 12 months prior the survey in Geta district. A simple random sampling method was used to extract 365 samples from six rural kebeles from July 1 up to 30/2025. The data was collected through face-to-face interview by using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Then it was entered into Epi-data version 4.2 and then exported to SPSS version 26 for cleaning, coding, and analysis. And major analysis of data was conducted with binary logistic regression model Results: 365 mothers who had given birth in the last year were successfully interviewed. Out of the total study participants, 131 study participants (36%) mothers with the 95%CI of (31.0 _40.8) utilized maternity waiting home. ANC follow up (AOR = 9.001, 95% CI: 2.407,33.662, p = 0.001), maternal age 25-35yrs (AOR =20.1, 95% CI: 3.765,107.41, p = 0.001),no access to transportation facilities (AOR =57, 95% CI: 14.607,225.608, p = 0.000), multigravida 95%CI AOR =7.728 (1.692,35.293), maternal occupation being merchants were AOR= 12.787 , 95% CI: (3.193,51.207), women whose husbands were farmers With AOR= 22.9 with 95% CI of (4.912,106.767) p = 0.001, were identified as independent predictors of maternity waiting utilization Conclusion Overall, maternity waiting home utilization accounted for 36% of the study population, which is predicted with ANC follow up, maternal age, maternal gravidity, maternal and husband occupation. Therefore, enhancing maternity waiting home utilization may require expanding strategic approaches
NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE,PRACTICE,AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN PEDIATRIC PAIN MANAGEMENT AT SELECTED PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGION, 2026
(wolkite University, 2026-06) D/r Akmel Ahmed
Background: ‘Pain is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience that is linked to or characterized as actual or possible tissue damage.According to national studies and preliminary observations with nursing staff at public Hospitals of central Ethiopia region variability in pain assessment practice and knowledge reliance on subjective judgment rather than standardized tools.Pediatric pain is not properly assessed and managed despite the presence of pain management guidelines. Objective: To assess nurses’ knowledge, practice, and associated factors in pediatric pain management at selected public Hospitals of Central Ethiopia Region,2026. Methods: An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study were done, simple random sampling method was used, and a total of 420 Nurses were included from selected public Hospitals. Data were collected from January 1–30, 2026, after permission is obtained from the ethical review commites of Wolkite univeresty .Data was collected by 8 health officers. After data collection, it was coded and then entered into the Epi Data Version 4.1 software, and then it was analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 27 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were done to identify factors that were associated with knowledge and practice of pediatric pain management of nurses. Results :-Out of 403 participants more than half (64.4%) of nurses had Good knowledge and only 43.2 % of participants had good practice.Those nurses who had training after graduation,nurses working in pediatric ward and experience in nursing were significant associated factors. Conclusions:-Nurses working at central Ethiopia region comprehensive specialized hosipitals were 64.4% good knwldege and 43.2% practice . Therefore the findings of this study suggest that Much work is expected to be done to improve their Knowledge and practice towards pediatrics pain management.
OSTOPERATIVE OUTCOME OF STOMA REVERSAL AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS WHO UMDERWENT STOMA REVERSAL AT THREE COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGION ,ETHIOPIA FROM 2020 - 2025
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. MEBRATU ALAMIREW
Background: Intestinal stoma reversal is performed to restore bowel continuity and improve quality of life. However, it carries substantial morbidity and mortality. Reported morbidity ranges from 10% to 52.1%, and mortality may reach 10%. Despite these risks, local evidence regarding postoperative outcomes and associated factors in Central Ethiopia remains limited. Objectives: To assess postoperative outcome of stoma reversal and identify associated factors among adult patients who underwent stoma reversal in selected hospitals in Central Ethiopia from 2020 to December 2025. Methods: An Institution-based multicenter retrospective cross sectional study was conducted among adult patients who underwent stoma reversal between 2020 and 2025. Data were collected using a structured checklist from medical records, entered into EpiData 4.7, and analyzed using SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. Variables with pvalue < 0.05 in multivariate analysis were considered statistically significant. Results: Of 229 patients who underwent stoma reversal, 185 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Overall postoperative complication rate was 35.1%. Surgical site infection was the most common complication, accounting for 60.9% of all complications. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 6.5%. In multivariate analysis, increasing age (AOR=10.8, 95%CI: 2.48-16.68), delayed time to reversal (AOR=6.583 , 95% CI: 1.524-11.282), delayed admiration of prophylaxis (AOR=10.12, 95% CI: 1.82-22.54), the presence of comorbidity (AOR=5.019, 95% CI: 1.076 -23.404) were independently associated with postoperative complications Conclusion: Postoperative complications following stoma reversal remain common, affecting 35.1% of patients. Optimizing perioperative care and timely reversal may help reduce adverse outcomes.
POOR OUTCOMES OF ILEOSIGMOID KNOTTING AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS OPERATED AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY (JANUARY1, 2020 – DECEMBER 31, 2025)
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR SINTAYEHU BEKELE
Introduction Ileosigmoid knotting (ISK) is a rare but unique life-threatening surgical emergency in which a loop of the ileum and the sigmoid colon wrap around each other. The aim of this study was to evaluate poor outcomes and associated factors among adult patients operated for ISK. Methods This is institution-based cross-sectional study conducted at Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Wolkite, Central Ethiopia. The study reviewed medical records over a six-year period, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2025, and included 54 adult patients who underwent surgery for ileosigmoid knotting. Secondary data were extracted from patient medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 27. A p-value of duration of symptoms (AOR=11.03, 95% CI: 2.69–45.20) were independently associated with poor postoperative outcome. Conclusions and recommendations Nearly half of the participants had poor postoperative outcome. It is associated with advance age, delayed presentation, preoperative shock, and presence of bowel gangrene. Early recognition, prompt surgical intervention, and aggressive perioperative optimization, and stoma creation in double bowel gangrene are essential to improve outcomes.
POOR OUTCOMES OF ILEOSIGMOID KNOTTING AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULT PATIENTS OPERATED AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY (JANUARY1, 2020 – DECEMBER 31, 2025)
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR SINTAYEHU BEKELE
introduction Ileosigmoid knotting (ISK) is a rare but unique life-threatening surgical emergency in which a loop of the ileum and the sigmoid colon wrap around each other. The aim of this study was to evaluate poor outcomes and associated factors among adult patients operated for ISK. Methods This is institution-based cross-sectional study conducted at Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Wolkite, Central Ethiopia. The study reviewed medical records over a six-year period, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2025, and included 54 adult patients who underwent surgery for ileosigmoid knotting. Secondary data were extracted from patient medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 27. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsOf the 54 patients, 50 (92.5%) had complete medical records and were included in the analysis. Poor postoperative outcomes occurred in 23 patients, giving a proportion of 46%(95% CI: 31.8%–60.7%). Age (AOR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.03–4.07), bowel gangrene (AOR=3.84,95% CI: 1.46–10.10), preoperative shock (AOR=4.34, 95% CI: 1.48–12.69), and prolonged duration of symptoms (AOR=11.03, 95% CI: 2.69–45.20) were independently associated withpoor postoperative outcome. Conclusions and recommendations Nearly half of the participants had poor postoperative outcome. It is associated with advance age, delayed presentation, preoperative shock, and presence of bowel gangrene. Early recognition, prompt surgical intervention, and aggressive perioperative optimization, and stoma creation in double bowel gangrene are essential to improve outcomes.
PREVALENCE OF MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6-23 MONTHS, IN WOLKITE, ETHIOPIA, 2026
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. BINIYAM GESSESE
Background: Dietary diversity is a key of high-quality diets and an important indicator of appropriate complementary feeding. Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is defined as the consumption of foods from at least five of the eight recommended food groups within a 24- hour period. Globally, only a small proportion of children receive nutritionally adequate and diversified diets, and more than two-thirds of malnutrition-related child deaths are linked to inappropriate feeding practices during the first two years of life. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months remains low. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of minimum dietary diversity practice and identify associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Wolkite Town, Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity and identify associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Wolkite Town, Ethiopia, 2026. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to January 30/ 2026 among 192 children aged 6–23 months selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on World Health Organization infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators by google forms. Data were cleaned in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Bivariable logistic regression identified candidate variables (p < 0.25) for multivariable analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of minimum dietary diversity was 26.6%. The most commonly consumed food groups were grains, roots, tubers, and plantains (90.6%) and legumes, nuts, and seeds (72.9%). Maternal postnatal care attendance (AOR = 9.96; 95% CI: 4.74–20.93) and adequate maternal knowledge of IYCF (AOR = 6.07; 95% CI: 2.06–17.83) were significantly associated with achieving minimum dietary diversity. Children born with a birth interval of less than two years were significantly less likely to receive diversified diets (AOR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03–0.66). Conclusion: Minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months in Wolkite Town remains low. Maternal knowledge of IYCF, postnatal care utilization, and optimal birth spacing play critical roles in improving dietary diversity.
PREVALENCE OF PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. KEFELE DESTA
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a common obstetric complication associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of PPROM among 199 pregnant mothers admitted to Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Central Ethiopia, from December 2025 to January 2026. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic random sampling. Data collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and chart reviews were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The overall prevalence of PPROM was 11.6% (95% CI: 7.1–16.1). Factors significantly associated with PPROM included a history of abortions (AOR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.725–18.921), urinary tract infection (AOR=4.3, 95% CI: 1.074–17.4), a history of vaginal bleeding in the current pregnancy (AOR=18.07, 95% CI: 3.7–87), and residing in rural areas (AOR=3.54, 95% CI: 1.18–10.61). The prevalence of PPROM in this setting is high. To mitigate this burden, the hospital should transition toward universal, laboratorybased screening for infections and provide intensified surveillance for mothers with high-risk obstetric histories.
SPECTRUM OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ADMISSIONS, OUTCOME, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
(wolkite University, 2026-06) Dr. Tarekegn Murezha
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, with approximately 80% of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Despite this growing burden, there is a significant lack of localized data on the clinical profile, outcomes, and associated factors of cardiovascular disease admissions in many regions of the country, including the study area. This study seeks to fill that gap by providing crucial evidence from a tertiary care setting. Objective: To assess the clinical spectrum, admission outcomes, and determinants among patients admitted with cardiovascular diseases at Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods: An institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 cardiac patients admitted to Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 1, 2022, to September 1, 2025. A systematic random sampling method was applied, and all eligible medical records were reviewed from this period. Data on types of cardiovascular diseases, clinical presentation, diagnostic results (including echocardiography), treatment, and inhospital outcomes were collected using a pre-tested, structured data extraction checklist. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 27 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the burden and spectrum of cardiovascular disease. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with admission outcomes. A p-value of less than 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 357 cardiovascular disease admissions were included in the analysis. The most common cardiovascular diagnoses were Stroke, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 10.9%. Among the independent factors, hemorrhagic stroke (AOR = 7.92, P = 0.004) and ICU admissions (AOR =5.45, P = 0.020) are associated with unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion: The study area has a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Overall, this study demonstrates an increasing burden of stroke and heart failure among patients admitted for cardiovascular disease in Gurage zone. The majority of cardiovascular diseases involve potentially modifiable risk factors that may have stopped or slowed the disease’s progression. Among the independent variables hemorrhagic stroke and ICU admissions were associated with poor admission outcome.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OUTCOME OF PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG SURGICALLY TREATED PATIENTS AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY COMPREHNSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY (SEPTEMBER2019-AUGEST2025)
(wolkite University, 2026-06) DR. MELKAMU MERDASSA
Background Peptic ulcer perforation is a surgical emergency and life-threatening complication affecting 2– 10% of peptic ulcer disease patients. Delayed diagnosis and surgical management are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the outcome of Perforated peptic ulcer disease among patients operated at Wolkite university comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. Objective To study surgical treatment Outcome of Perforated Peptic ulcer disease Patients who underwent emergency Surgical Operations in Wolkite university comprehensive specialized hospital between September 12/2019 to august 2025. Method A six-year hospital based retrospective study, in Wolkite university comprehensive specialized hospital, Wolkite, Ethiopia from September 12/2019 to august 2025 was conducted on 113 patients. Data was entered into EPI data then transferred and analyzed using SPSS windows program version 27. Odds ratio and 95% CI was calculated using the chisquare test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant Results Out of 134 cases operated for Perforated peptic ulcer in the study period, charts of 113 cases were analyzed making the retrieval rate 84%. 85%% were males & 51% are above 40 years of age. Previous history of Peptic ulcer disease & cigarette smoking was documented in 54.9% & 8.5% respectively. The post-operative complication rate was 21.1% & overall mortality of the study is 8.9%. Factors found to be significantly associated with increased complications were age above 40 (p=0.002) & treatment delay > 24 hours (p=0.01). Whereas mortality was increased by treatment delay (p=0.04) & shock at presentation (p=0.039). Conclusion and recommendations Perforated peptic ulcers as we have noted from our study is a disease of the young & males like the figures from the developing nations. Perforated peptic ulcer has high rates of overall morbidity & mortality. Early presentation of patients to surgical care facilities may reduce the overall morbidity and mortality
The Effect of Talent Management Practices on Organizational Success: Experience from Amhara Bank S.C. - Welkite Branch
(wolkite University, 2026-06) D/r MERKEBU ABERA
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant post-cesarean complication affecting 3% to 15% of cases globally, resulting in substantial physical and financial burdens. Despite advancements, SSI rates remain high in low- and middle-income countries, with studies showing a pooled incidence of 12.32% in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the incidence of and factors contributing with SSI among cesarean deliveries at Wolkite University Comprehensive Specialized Teaching Hospital (WKUCSTH). Objective: To assess the incidence of surgical site infections and contributing factors in cesarean deliveries at WKUCSTH, wolkite, central Ethiopia, 2025 G.C. Method: A facility based single armed prospective study design was carried out on patients who have undergone cesarean section delivery in WUCSTH from October 1 to December 13/2025.and each Patient was followed for 30 days. Data was collected using a standardized checklist. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis. Binary and multi-logistic regression model with a significance threshold of P-value < 0.25 and< 0.05 respectively has been used to identify the factors contributing with the outcome variable. Results: The incidence of surgical site infection was 16.7% ((95%CI: 13.2, 19.7)). A prolonged labor exceeding 24 hours (ARR = 2.7; 95% CI: 2.43,8.91), obstructed labor (ARR = 19.2; 95% CI: 2.01,10.23), having five or more per vaginal examinations prior to cesarean delivery (AR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.39, 9.12), and prolonged premature rupture of membranes before cesarean delivery (ARR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.62,7.32) and number of less than 3 dose postoperative antibiotics (ARR=6.20; 95%CL:2,40,13.33) were statistically significantly contributing withsurgical site infection. Conclusion: The incidence of surgical site infection was high. Prolonged labor, obstructed labor, frequent per vaginal examinations, number of postoperative antibiotics doses and prolonged premature rupture of membranes were predictors of SSI. Strengthening intrapartum care and minimizing modifiable risk factors may reduce postoperative infections.