ASSESSENT OF MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION AMONG CHILDREN AGE OF 0-23 MONTHS ATTENDING ON MIHUR AKLIL WOREDA HEALTH CENTERS, GURAGE ZONE,SNNPR,ETHIOPIA, 202

Abstract

1.1 INTRODUCTION Immunization is the process of inducing an immune response or making our body resistant to an infectious disease, typically by administering a vaccine [1]. Defaulting of immunization refers to missing at least one or more recommended vaccine doses by the national expanded program of immunization (EPI) [2]. Besides the attainment of high coverage of vaccines, receiving complete immunization under 2 year of age is essential to reduce vaccine-preventable diseases among Children. It is vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, poverty reduction, and universal health coverage [3]. Globally, 19.4 million (14%) were not fully vaccinated in 2018, and among them, 13.5 million (70%) did not receive any diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) doses in low-income countries, which is a principal indicator of immunization performance[4]. An estimated 5 million children died each year worldwide [5], nearly 199,000 deaths caused by Haemophilus Influenza type b (Hib), 195,000 by pertussis, 118,000 by measles, 59,000 by neonatal tetanus, 476,000 by pneumococcal disease, and 453,000 by rotavirus [6, 7] African and Southeast Asian nations are the foremost influenced districts by vaccine preventable malady, which accounted for 50% of all under-five passing’s in 2018 [8, 9]. Ethiopia contributes 46% of the cases, with 51% of deaths from measles among eight eastern African nations [1]. There is a noteworthy difference in default from immunization between developed and creating nations, extending from 1% within the Western Pacific to 10% within the African locale, the most elevated (7%) among high-income countries to 3% in low-income countries for the third dosage of DTP3 [4].

In Ethiopia, the most obstruction of immunization is not the primary measurements; instep, completion of all prescribed measurements within the suitable age. Since the 2016 national report prove that, a huge number (79.1%) of children age 12 to 23 months took OPV1 (to begin with measurements of the verbal polio immunization), from this, as it were 47.4% of children took MCV1 (final dosage of measles vaccine).The overall default rate varied among regions, 2 ranging from 58.6% in the Somali region to 9.3% in Addis Ababa [10].

Similarly, there was marked variation among districts within the same region in Ethiopia. In the South Nation Nationality of People region, Arbaminch town was relatively high (41.2%) [11] compared with the Wonago district (20.7%) [12] and Omo district (27%) [13] A number of studies about were conducted on child immunization default at national levels in Ethiopia by utilizing EDHS 2016 [14, 15]. In spite of this gigantic exertion to scale up the national immunization scope, full immunization remained at 43% in 2019, distant from arranged scope of 90% at the national level and 80% in each locale level with all antibodies by 2020 [16] with tremendous variety among districts [17]