REVIEW ON BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM FRUIT WASTES USING SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FERMENTATIO

Abstract

Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has been demonstrated as alternative to conventional fuel, as it is considered to be renewable and clean energy. Fruit wastes are available in plenty as wastes world over. Fruit wastes are rich in sugars and carbohydrates which can be recovered and utilized for the production of bioethanol. This review paper aims to provide an overview of works done on bioethanol production from fruit wastes there by giving incites to the reader that bioethanol can be used as substitute for fossil fuel that could diminish the combined ill effect of Air, soil, and water pollution and global warming. The literature indicates that the best results have been obtained with acid and steam pretreatment of fruit waste while enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase and xylanase enzymes resulted in giving good yields of fermentable sugar. S. cerevisiae has been obtained as the best microorganism in the production of ethanol due to its wide tolerance of PH making it less susceptible to infection. Recombinant S. cerevisiae was also obtained as the best bioethanol producer compared to non recombinant one. Production of Bioethanol can be maximized by controlling fermentation factor such as temperature, pH, and time. Different integrated methods for hydrolysis and fermentation have been proposed but Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process has been the preferred step for the production of bioethanol. Fruit waste including rambutan, mango, banana, date palm, pineapple, orange and apple pomace can efficiently be used for ethanol production with the help of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioreactors equipped with new agitation systems like a special segmented helical stirrer, the double helical ribbon impeller and S-shaped impellers were constructed to achieve better yield of ethanol. Blending bioethanol with gasoline or other additives under different ratios take advantage of bioethanol high octane number and low octane number. Ethanol production from fruit waste can be used as green alternative for fuel production. This green production is important for environmental sustainability.