College of Agriculture & Natural Resources

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College of Agriculture & Natural Resource

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    GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF FOOD BARLEY (Hordeum vulgars L.) VARIETIES TO SEEDING RATES IN CHEHA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2025-05-02) TIZAZU ANKTAWE GORAGA
    Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important food security and cash crop in Central Ethiopia. The productivity of the crop is very low in many parts of the Gurage zone, including the Cheha district. Several factors are responsible for the area's low crop yield. There is limited information on the response of various barley genotypes and seed rates for optimal production. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of seeding rate and genotypes on growth, yield, and yield components of barley in Cheha District. Factorial combinations of four food barley varieties, namely HB-1307, HB1966, HB1965, and Local genotype, and four seeding rates (75, 100, 125, and 150 kg ha- 1 ) were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result showed that seeding rate and varieties significantly affected the majority of food barley growth and yield parameters. The highest days to 50% heading (82 days), and days to physiological maturity (139 days), were recorded on 75 kg of seeding rate ha-1 with variety HB1966, while, the highest plant height (96 cm) was recorded with the use of 150 kg ha-1 of food barley seeding rate on HB1966 variety. The highest spike length (8 cm), total number of tillers (8), number of productive tillers (7), and number of kernels spike- (66) were recorded on the use of a 75 kg ha-1 seeding rate with the HB-1307 variety. The highest biomass yield (13.18 t ha-1 ) and straw yield (8.95 t ha-1 ) were recorded on 150 kg of seeding rate ha-1 with variety HB-1307. The highest grain yield (4.89 t ha -1 ), thousand seed weight (57g), and harvest index (43%) were recorded on variety HB-1307 with a 125 kg ha-1 seed rate. Net benefit of 129375.5 ETB ha-1 was obtained from the treatment combination of 125 kg ha-1 food barley seed rate with Variety HB-1307. The result indicated that the food barley variety HB-1307 with a seeding rate of 125 kg ha-1 is economically feasible and profitable for the study area. Since the present study was conducted only in a single season and location, it is necessary to conduct similar experiments further in different seasons and locations to come up with concrete and workable recommendation for varieties and seeding rates of food barley
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    EFFECT OF BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZER RATES AND INTRA-ROWSPACINGONGROWTH AND YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) UNDER IRRIGATIONCONDITION IN GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-07-04) YEKITE TEREFE ZEWDIE
    The onion is one of Ethiopia's most important vegetable crops, and it is usedvirtuallyevery day as a spice and vegetable in Ethiopian cuisine. However, its productivityisstilllow due to various limiting factors such as low soil fertility, improper plant densityorspacing, disease and pests and lack of production technologies appropriate todif erentvarieties and agro-ecological conditions. Haphard fertilizer application andintrarowplant spacing are among others the most important once. To this ef ect, the present studywas initiated to evaluate the ef ects of NPSB fertilizers and intra-rowspacingonthegrowth and yield performance of onion variety of Bombay red under Enemor districtconditions during the “irrigation” season. There were 12 treatment combinationswhichconsisted of four levels of NPSB fertilizers (0, 122, 244 and 366kg ha -1) and threelevelsofintra-row plant spacing (7.5cm, 10cm and 12.5cm). The experiment was laidout inRandomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement and underthreereplications. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatments hadhighlysignificant (p ≤ 0.01) dif erence on the their interaction ef ect on both the growthandyield parameters tested (i.e. plant height, leaf number, bulb diameter, bulb length, weightof onion bulbs as well as marketable, unmarketable and total bulb yield). Generally, thetreatment combination of 244kg ha -1 and 7.5cm intra-row spacing recordedthelargestmarketable bulb yield of 41.2t ha -1 , total bulb yield of (41.34t ha -1), harvestingindexof77.17%, and the lowest unmarketable bulb yield of 0.14t ha -1 . Results of the correlationanalysis also showed that almost all the tested parameters of onion werehighlysignificantly and positively correlated with the marketable bulb yield of onion. Besides, asrevealed by the partial budget analysis, the combined treatment of 244kg ha -1 NPSBand7.5cm intra row spacing resulted in the highest net benefit increase of Birr 893,390whencompared with the other treatments combinations. Hence, the combined applicationof244kg ha -1 of NPSB fertilizers and intra-row spacing 7.5cm is recommendedforonionproduction in Enemor District as well as areas with similar agro-ecological conditions.However, since the study was conducted only for a single season and in only onelocation,further research is recommended to be carried out in more other locations as well asatdif erent seasons.
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    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) VARIETIES IN ENEMORE WOREDA OF GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-06-03) MESFIN WONDIMU HABTE
    Onion is one of the most important vegetable crops produced as a condiment for home consumption and income sources in many parts of Ethiopia. However, the productivity of onion is low due to various limiting factors, among which low soil fertility and lack of improved site specific varieties are the major ones. Hence, this study was initiated to evaluate and determine the effects of different types of fertilizers on the yield and yield components of nationally released onion (Allium cepa L.)Varieties in Enemore Woreda (district) of Gurage zone. A combination of four fertilizer treatments and four varieties were used. These were: 200kg ha-1NP, 242kg ha-1NPS, 244kg ha-1NPSB and 257kg ha1NPSZn; and Bombay Red, Nafis, Red Creole and Nasik Red of onion verities. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, under factorial arrangement and with three replications. There were a total of 16 treatment combinations and 48 experimental units. Data were collected on various parameters of growth, yield and yield components using standard procedures. The data were analyzed using a SAS software version 9.3. The analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of both the different types of fertilizers and onion varieties influenced plant height, date of maturity and bulb dry weight. However, the unmarketable bulb yield was highly significantly (p<0.001) affected only by varieties. There was also statistically highly significant (p<0.001) interaction effect on leaf length, leaf number, bulb diameter, average fresh weight, marketable bulb yield, and total bulb yield. Accordingly, the treatment combination of 244 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer and variety Red Creole recorded the highest plant height (68.25cm), bulb diameter (6.1cm), leaf length(59.9cm),leaf number (13.66), average bulb fresh weight (103.66g), marketable yield (31.64 t ha-1 ) and total bulb yield(32.25 t ha-1 ). On the other hand, correlation analysis showed that almost all the tested yield and yield component parameters were highly significantly and positively correlated with the marketable bulb yield of onion. Besides, as revealed by the partial budget analysis, plants supplied with 244 kg ha-1 NPSB and variety Red Creole recorded the highest net benefit if Birr 462412.00 with acceptable Marginal Rate of Return (MRR,3441.7%), which can be recommended for economical production of onion at Enomore Woreda. Nevertheless, since, the study was conducted only for a single season and one location, further research is recommended to be carried out at different seasons of the year and multiple potentially representative locations.
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    RESPONSE OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) VARIETIES TO BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS AT GUMMER DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-06-01) DAMTEW GIRMA LEGESE
    Potato is an important food security and cash crop in Southern Ethiopia including Gurage Zone. However, productivity of the crop in the zone is far below its potential due to an array of factors. For instance, inappropriate selection of varieties and lacking information regarding the actual rate of the newly recommended blended NPSB fertilizer in the potato producing areas including Gummer district. Cognizant of this, the present experiment was initiated and conducted in Gummer district under supplementary irrigation, during the 2021 Belg season, with the objective of assessing the response of different potato varieties to blended NPSB fertilizer rates. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement and having three replications. There were 12 treatment combinations, which comprised of three potato varieties (namely; Belete, Gudanie and a local check, Askot) and four rates of blended NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 119,238 and 357 kg NPSB ha-1 ). The analysis of variance showed that the two main factors (blended NPSB fertilizer rates and potato varieties) had a statistically significant effect on all tested parameters except the effect of the blended NPSB fertilizer rates on days to 50% emergence. The interaction of the two factors had also showed a statistically significant effect on days to 90% maturity, plant height, main stem number per plant, total tuber number/hill, tuber yield per hill, large sized tuber yield, marketable and total tuber yields (t ha-1 ) and tuber dry matter content. Days to 90%maturity were delayed with increased rates of blended NPSB fertilizer for all tested varieties. The highest mean plant height (69.54cm) and number of main stems per hill (8.38) were obtained at 357 kg ha-1 NPSB with Belete variety. The highest marketable tuber yield (34.40 t ha-1 ), total tuber yield (35.84 t ha-1 ) and tuber dry matter content of (26.75%) were obtained from Belete variety with the application of 238 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. The results of the economic analysis indicated that the maximum net benefit (180660.7 Birr ha-1 ) with 3405.23% marginal rate of return was obtained from Belete variety with the application of 238 kg NPSB ha-1 . Hence, the application of 238 kg ha-1 with Belete variety can be recommended for optimum potato production with the acceptable economic benefit in the study area and similar agro-ecology. However, since the result is only of one season and location, further research is recommended to be carried out across more seasons and locations.
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    SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES EFFECTS OF BLENDED FERTILIZER TYPES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.) VARIETIES AT CHEHA DISTRICT, GURAGHE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2025-12-04) HAYATU ABDELLA BEDRU
    Tomato (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.), which is farmers used for income generation and home conception. In Ethiopia is facing challenges in low productivity for the major reasons including inaccessibility of improved varieties and specific fertilizer recommendations. Therefore, this experiment had initiated to evaluate the roles of blended fertilizers on yield and yield components of tomato varieties in Cheha district of Central Ethiopia during this cropping season. Sixteen treatments (four blended fertilizer types with four tomato varieties) were assigned and triplicated in RCBD design. Data on phonology; vegetative and yield related attributes were recorded and analyzed using SAS software. From the experiment, 50% flowering and plant height were significant (P<0.001) response for melkashola varieties and NPSBZn blended fertilizer. Numbers of clusters per plant and fruits per cluster, fruit diameter, total fruit yield as well as individual fruit size were highly significant(P<0.001) for Gelilema variety and NPS fertilizer. Marketable yield was highly significant for Gelilema variety with NPSB blended fertilizer. 50% fruiting, dry weight, days to maturity and total soluble solid were highly significant (P<0.001) Melkashola and NPS fertilizers. However, unmarketable fruit yield and pH significantly affected by the varieties. The highest (76.6 ton/ha) total fruit yield was obtained when NPSB fertilizers applied to Gelilema variety. Observing the partial budget analysis, the application of NPSB fertilizers with Gelilema variety gave the maximum net return of 1278200ETB with an acceptable marginal rate of return (5219.6 %). Therefore, the combination of NPSB fertilizer with Gelilema variety is economically feasible for growing tomatoes in Cheha areas. However, this study cannot provide a solid recommendation because the research only one season of work was done in one place
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    RESPONSE OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) VARIETIES TO TYPES OF BLENDED FERTILIZERS IN MIHUR-AKLIL DISTRICT OF GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2023-07-02) HABTEMARIAM FIKADU BEREKA
    Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the major vegetable and cash crops cultivated throughout the world including Ethiopia. Garlic productivity in Ethiopia (9.18t ha-1 ) is very low compared to the world average (18.4t ha-1 . Its production is constrained by several factors including lack of productive varieties, improved agronomic practices, diseases and insect pests. Among these, inappropriate type of fertilizer and lack of improved varieties are the major ones. Hence, this experiment was conducted in 2023 at Mihur-Aklil District of Gurage zone, Ethiopia with the objective of investigating the effect of blended fertilizer type on growth, yield and yield attributes of garlic varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in three replications using 20 treatments formed from factorially combined five garlic varieties (Tsedey, Kuriftu, Chefe, Holeta and local) and four types of blended fertilizers (0, NPS, NPSB and NPSZn ). Data on different Phenological, growth, yield and yield related variables were collected and analyzed using SAS, version 9.3. The analysis of variance showed that most of the studied parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of the two factors. The highest total bulb yield (17.08t ha-1 ), marketable bulb yield (14.94 ha-1 ), bulb weight (37.27g), bulb diameter (24.27mm), plant height (77.8cm), leaf length (52.33) and leaf area (38.80cm2 ) was recorded from Tsedey variety at NPSB blended fertilizer type while the widest leaf width (1.04cm) was recorded from Tsedey variety treated with NPSZn blended fertilizer type and the highest clove weight (2.70g) was recorded from Kuriftu variety treated with NPSZn blended fertilizer type. The partial budget analysis result showed that the highest net benefit of 963881.281Eth-Birr ha-1 was obtained from variety Tsedey and NPSB fertilizer. Thus, from the present study, the variety Tsedey and NPSB fertilizer are recommended for economic production in the study area and areas with similar agro-ecological settings. However, since the study was carried out only for one cropping season and in single location, it is as well recommended that to be repeated across seasons and locations.
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    STUDY ON THE COMBINED EFFECT OF NPSB FERTILIZER RATES AND VARIETIES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) IN GUMMER DISTRICT OF GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-02-01) JADU KIBRET AGERCHU
    Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the major horticultural crops known worldwide with respect to its production and economic value. It is also the main bulb crop produced in Ethiopia, including the southern region. However, farmers are producing garlic from locally available varieties without or with low rates of fertilizer input which results in low yield. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of garlic varieties to different rates of NPSB. Three improved garlic varieties (Kuriftu, HL and Tseday) and one local cultivar (‘Tuma”) and four levels of NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 144, 244, 344 kg NPSB ha ˡ ) were used. The experiment was arranged in a 4 X 4 factorial experiment under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Plant height (cm) and leaf number were significantly influenced by the interaction effect of varieties and NPSB fertilizer except leaf length (cm) that was significantly influenced only by the main effect of variety and NPSB. All yield and yield related traits were significantly influenced by the interaction effect of varieties and NPSB fertilizer rates except days to 50% emergence and bulb weight (g) that were significantly influenced only by the main effect of variety and NPSB. The highest total bulb yield was obtained from variety Kuriftu (8.81 t ha ˡ ) at the NPSB rate of 244 kg ha ˡ , and the lowest recorded from the local cultivar (5.52 t ha ˡ ) without NPSB (0 kg) fertilizer application. The maximum plant height (74.17cm) was recorded from variety HL at 244 kg/ha NPSB and the highest number of garlic leaves (10.33) were obtained from variety Kuriftu that received the highest NPSB rate of 344 kg/ha. The longest leaf was recorded from variety Tsedey (34.875cm) which was followed by variety Kuriftu (34.154cm) and HL (32.596cm). The highest statistically significant bulb weight was recorded equally from variety Kuriftu, Tsedey and HL 43.42g, 42.77g and 41.92g respectively. Marketable bulb yield was very highly significant (P<0.001) and positively correlated with leaf number (r =0.68***), bulb weight (r =0.64***), bulb diameter (r =0.72***), and highly significant (P<0.01) and positively correlated with plant height (r =0.41**) and leaf length (r =0.46**). The cost benefit analysis indicated that variety Kuriftu with the application rate of 244 kg NPSB ha ˡ gave the maximum MRR (1974.3%).
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    EFFECT OF INTER ROW SPACING AND VARIETIES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) AT WOLISO DISTRICT, SOUTH WEST SHOA ZONE, ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2024-05-02) LETA ABEBE BEDADA
    Fenugreek (Trigonella-foenum-graecum L.) is a legume crop which is used as a spice, vegetable, animal feed and medicinal plant. Inter row spacing is one of the yield limiting factors on fenugreek production. A field experiment was conducted at Woliso Polytechnic College during the 2023/2024 cropping season. To evaluate and determine the combined effect of inter-row spacing (10cm, 20cm, 30cm and 40cm) and varieties (Burqa, Chala, Ebbisa, Wereilu and one local variety for check) on yield and yield components fenugreek. The experiment was laid out under Randomized Complete Block Design with Factorial arrangement and three replications. Based on the data analysis, the higher yield and yield components were recorded from planting of fenugreek with the wider inter-row spacing of 40cm. The shortest days for 50% flowering (44.6 days), the shortest days for 90% maturity(117.9), the highest number of primary branches (6.73), the highest number of pods per plant-1 (29.33), the highest number of seeds per pod-1 (21.6), the highest pod length (19.3), the highest 1000g seed weight (20.6), the highest above ground biomass (3568.33Kg ha-1 ), the highest harvesting index (40.2% and the highest seed yield (1586) were recorded from the 40cm inter-row spacing followed by 30cm. On the other hand, the lowest yield (324.66 kg ha-1 ) and yield attributes were recorded when the crop was grown under the smallest inter-row spacing of 10cm. The higher number of primary branches, number of seeds pod-1 (21), pod length (19.3), 1000g seed weight (20g) and seed yield (1586 kg ha-1 ) were recorded from Burka inter acted with 40cm followed by Chala, Wereilu, and Ebbisa verities whereas the lower grain yield and yield component was recorded from with the interaction of 10cm. From the current research-based yield and yield component planting of Burka variety with 40 cm inter row spacing is performing well and recommended to the local farmer to increase the yield of fenugreek crop.
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    SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES EFFECTS OF BLENDED FERTILIZER TYPES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.) VARIETIES AT CHEHA DISTRICT, GURAGHE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2025-04-02) HAYATU ABDELLA BEDRU
    Tomato (Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.), which is farmers used for income generation and home conception. In Ethiopia is facing challenges in low productivity for the major reasons including inaccessibility of improved varieties and specific fertilizer recommendations. Therefore, this experiment had initiated to evaluate the roles of blended fertilizers on yield and yield components of tomato varieties in Cheha district of Central Ethiopia during this cropping season. Sixteen treatments (four blended fertilizer types with four tomato varieties) were assigned and triplicated in RCBD design. Data on phonology; vegetative and yield related attributes were recorded and analyzed using SAS software. From the experiment, 50% flowering and plant height were significant (P<0.001) response for melkashola varieties and NPSBZn blended fertilizer. Numbers of clusters per plant and fruits per cluster, fruit diameter, total fruit yield as well as individual fruit size were highly significant(P<0.001) for Gelilema variety and NPS fertilizer. Marketable yield was highly significant for Gelilema variety with NPSB blended fertilizer. 50% fruiting, dry weight, days to maturity and total soluble solid were highly significant (P<0.001) Melkashola and NPS fertilizers. However, unmarketable fruit yield and pH significantly affected by the varieties. The highest (76.6 ton/ha) total fruit yield was obtained when NPSB fertilizers applied to Gelilema variety. Observing the partial budget analysis, the application of NPSB fertilizers with Gelilema variety gave the maximum net return of 1278200ETB with an acceptable marginal rate of return (5219.6 %). Therefore, the combination of NPSB fertilizer with Gelilema variety is economically feasible for growing tomatoes in Cheha areas. However, this study cannot provide a solid recommendation because the research only one season of work was done in one place. .