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    EFFECT OF SPRAY-DRYING CONDITIONS ON EGG POWDERS QUALITY TO ENHANCE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF PLANT BASED COMPLEMENTARY FOODS (MITIN-AJA AND BULLA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) KEYRE AMDALA
    The general purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of land use types; slope gradient and their interaction on soil acidity and selected physico-chemical properties in West Azernet Berber Woreda. The experiment was taken as the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and total of 27 composite samples were taken. For data analysis, general linear model procedure of SAS version 9.4 was used.Three land uses (natural forest, grazing and cultivated land), and three slope gradients (10-15%, 5-10% and 2-5%) in three replications were considered for this study. Totally 27 composite soil samples were collected from cultivated, forest and grazing lands and slope gradients with three replications for laboratory analysis. Results indicated that the highest mean value of sand was recorded in grazing land and highest mean value of silt and clay were recorded under forest land, cultivated lands and upper slope classes respectively. Soils were strongly acidic (pH =5.2-5.4), whereas natural forest land uses and lower slope classes were moderately acidic2 (pH =5.9-6.0). The total porosity, bulk density and PH, Av.P, OM, CEC,Ca+2, Mg+2 K+, Na+, were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) affected by land use types and slope gradients .Percent base saturation Total nitrogen and except silt, particle size distribution were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by land use typesand slope classes . The mean values of sand ,total porosity, pH, OM, TN, CEC, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Na+ and PBS were higher in forest and lower slope classes as compared with grazing , cultivated lands and in 10-15% and 5-10% slope classes respectively. The exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by under cultivated land and grazing lands and upper slope classes. Generally, land use types and slope gradient have significant effect on their interaction soil acidity and selected physic-chemical properties of soil. Therefore, in order to reduce soil acidity problem, minimize intensive cultivation, over grazing, liming and integrated soil acidity management practice is recommended for study area and further study should be investigated on the rest soil nutrients.
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    EFFECT OF SPRAY-DRYING CONDITIONS ON EGG POWDERS QUALITY TO ENHANCE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF PLANT BASED COMPLEMENTARY FOODS (MITIN-AJA AND BULLA
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) KEYRE AMDALA
    Locally available complementary foods are high in carbohydrates and little protein made of cereal or starchy root crops. The purpose of this study optimize spray drying conditions to improve the macro-nutritional content of commercially available complementary foods commonly sold in Wolkite, (Bulla and Mitin-Aja) by incorporating egg yolk and white powders. Addressing infant under nutrition requires attention to the quantity and quality of foods introduced during infancy. To achieve this, four complementary food blends were formulated to enhance their nutritional profiles. Spray-drier was used to convert liquid egg into powder, by varying processing conditions (inlet-temperature, feed rate, and dilution rate). These parameters were selected to optimize the moisture content of egg powders by using response surface methodology. Parameters such as physicochemical, water activity, bulk density, and sensorial attributes were evaluated to assess the overall quality and acceptability of the products. Standard official procedures were used to determine the macronutrient composition of developed foods and ingredients and there was a significant difference between developed and commercial complementary foods in all macronutrient compositions. The protein content of complementary foods varied from 1.45% to 18.74%. Egg powders increase the protein content of bulla from 1.45 to 14.72% and mitin-Aja from 11.11 to 18.74%. In this study, the energy density of 3.8kcal/g from egg yolk powder blended with Mitin-aja and Bulla can fulfill the requirements in 53, 81, and 144g/day for 6-8, 9-11, and 12-23 month-old children respectively. However, complementary foods composite animal-source foods can be a possible tool to overcome malnutrition. In general, the formulated diets were better than commercially available complementary foods..