College of Social Sciences & Humanities

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS STUDENTES’ ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS IN WOLKITE CITY ADMINISTRATION
(wolkite University, 2021-11) MOHAMMED JEMAL SHAFI
This research is a comparative study about wolkite city administration government and private elementary schools’ students’ speaking skills. To achieve the objectives of the study 150 government and private schools’ students and 10 teachers were randomly selected from six schools (i.e. three governments and three private). In this study, the questionnaire and classroom observation were used as the major tool for data collection, and interview was used to cross check the results of the data collected from questionnaires. To know teachers’ teaching speaking skill, 24 questions were prepared and distributed for ten teachers. On the other hand, to know students’ learning of speaking skill, 17 questions were prepared and distributed for 150 students. All the questionnaires for both teachers and students were filled and returned. To see how speaking instructions are conducted, an observation checklist was prepared. The observation checklist contains eight evaluation criteria. In the analysis of the data, simple statistical procedures were used which made the interpretation and discussion of the results easier and clearer. The discussion was made by making use of percentage and the result of all the three tools were triangulated. The study reached a finding that indicates private schools’ students have better speaking skills, they are practiced speaking whenever and where ever they can after school, with any English speaker. However, government schools’ students have poor speaking skill and speaking instructions were not conducted properly teachers should prepare interesting speaking lessons that can capture learners’ attention. Given enough time for practice to their students. Teachers should use teaching materials, and should act as facilitators not dominator or silent sitter in language class room.
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ART IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2023-07-01) AWLACHEW SEBSEBE
Strategic planning is a method for setting future direction by gathering and utilizing specific information and the processes translate into specific and measurable goals, aims, objectives and action plans. This study is aimed to assess determinants of strategic plan development and implementation success in the case Wolkite town municipality. An institution based study was conducted with stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected from randomly selected officials by using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The collected data was checked, cleared, entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 20 for analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data analyses methods were carried out to identify level of implementation status in Wolkite town municipality. The study indicated that 51.7% of respondent said that the strategic plan meet standard of strategic plan. And 84.8% of participants showed that municipality office didn’t allocate necessary supplies for strategic plan development. And also implementation status was assessed by five pillars of strategic plan implementation; the result of study leadership quality accounted only 55.6%, resource availability 71.5%, effective stakeholder involvement 55.6%, organizational structure 31.8% and organizational culture 60.9% strategic implementation of the main pillars are poor. The overall aggregated average implementation status of Wolkite town municipality was poor. Municipality’s leader should be equipped with both professional and leadership competencies. Effective & timely communication system should be adapted.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUSES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN GURAGE ZONE SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-07) MINYAHIL MENGISTU TSEGAHE
Background: Malnutrition is a state of retarded physical development or specific clinical disorder caused by consistent lack of one or more nutrients and also excess amount of nutrients. It was the diminishing health outcome due to deficiency, excess or imbalance of nutrients. Infants, pre-school children, adolescents, pregnant women and elderly people are the persons likely to be malnourished. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess academic performance and its association with nutritional statuses among Primary School Students in Wolkite town Gurage Zone, SNNPR, in year 2015 E.CMethods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 participants age between 6-14 years in Wolkite town. A simple random sampling was used to select the participant from the registration book of selected schools. Weight and height of students was measured using standard instruments. The anthropometric measurement was taken in standardized manner by trained professional and two times measurement was taken to validate. The survey data was analyzed using WHO Anthro Plus software version 1.0.4 and SPSS 23.0. Results: A total of 391 school children were enrolled with 99.8% response rate. In this study mean academic performance for the study participant were 62.07(± 10.59 SD). The prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting was 17.4 %, 12% and 9.7 %, respectively. Stunting with 95%CI AOR= 0.39[95%CI: 0.14, 1.02], absent from school with 95%CI AOR= 0.47[95%CI: 0.25, 0.90], Habit of study with 95%CI AOR= 3.76[95%CI: 1.28, 11.02] and happy going to school with 95%CI AOR=3.76[95%CI: 1.28, 11.02] were significantly associated with Academic performance with P value < 0.05. Conclusion and Recommendation: With regard to academic performance among all studystudents (14 %) and (86%) had poor and good academic performance achievements. Based on the preceding major finding the following conclusion are made in this study showed that Stunting, Absent from school, Habit of study at night time and Happy going to school were significantly associated with academic performance at p-value < 0.05.The recommendation were The zonal health and education bureau should work in collaboration with other organizations (NGOs) to combat malnutrition and to strengthen the positive effect of nutrition on educational achievement of primary school children.
ACCESS, UTILIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE THE CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN AND KEBENA WOREDA GOVERNMENT SECONAARY SCHOOLS GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-11) ABDULAZIZ SHIFA
The purpose of this study is to examine how government owned secondary schools access andutilize instructional materials in classrooms and how this contributes to academic perfor mance of students. The objectives of the research were to explore the access for instructional materials, assess the utilization of the materials by teachers and students and to assess the ef fect of the utilization of instructional materials on students’ academic performance.The study adopted a deiscriptive survey design. The study considers sample of government owned sec ondary schools in wolkite town and kebena woreda. Out of 8 government secondary schools in wolkite town and kebena woreda 4 schools are selected by using stratified random sampling technique for data collection. In each sample school, 4 teachers and 91 students are considered for the structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Also head of 1 school and 1 Pedagogical center officers are interviewed questionnaire based interview. Instructional ma terials are the key to teachers’ and students’ performance. Most government secondary schools in wolkite town and kebena woreda in general suffer from shortage of essential teach ing and learning materials. The study shows insufficient access of instructional materials in all schools and inadequate utilization of the accessed IMS, the effect of utilization of IMS to improve their students’ performance is found to be significant.Also the students‘academic per formance in the class in the study area is low which in turn indicates the quality of education that is significantly affected in the study area.
ADHERENCE TO PRENATAL IRON-FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ENOR DISTRICT: COMMUNITY BASED CROSS-SECTIONALSTUDY
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-12) Ayele Melis
Introduction: Iron and folic acid supplementation is the most widely employed strategy to alleviate iron deficiency anemia and neural tube defects. Adherence to iron and folic acid is crucial for the prevention of birth defect and anemia during pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the national data suggests that from all pregnant women supplemented with IFA tablets only 0.4% consumed more than 90 tablets during their pregnancy time. The factors for this low adherence are not clearly known.Objective: To assess adherence to prenatal iron folic acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in Enor district, South Ethiopia, 2023.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 388 pregnant women attending antenatal care from 20th of March to 20th of April 2023 in Enor district, South Ethiopia. The study participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. The level of adherence was assessed based on the reported number of iron folic acid tablet doses taken by pregnant women ≥ 4 times per a week in the previous one month preceding the survey during the data collection period. Data were entered in to Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Variables having P ≤ 0.05 in the bivariate analysis were entered in to a multivariable logistic regression analysis in order to detect association with adherence to iron folic acid supplementation. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% CI were estimated to assess the strength of associations and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.Results: The adherence rate in this study was 53.6% (95% CI: 49.5 – 57.9). Factors significantly associated with adherence to Iron/folic acid supplementation in the multivariable logistic regression model were history of still birth (AOR: 2.957: 95% CI: 1.098 - 7.965), history of abortion (AOR: 3.444: 95% CI: 1.290 - 9.191), early registration during the first ANC visit (AOR: 2.768: 95% CI: 1.182 - 6.486), knowledge of anemia (AOR: 2.093: 95% CI: 1.106 -3.961), and knowledge of Iron folic acid supplement (AOR: 2.1: 95% CI: 1.108 - 3.981). Conclusion: This study revealed that the adherence status of pregnant women to iron folic acid supplement was low in the study area. Improving the knowledge of pregnant women on anemia and iron folic acid supplement by delivering health education on the cause, consequence and prevention of anemia during pregnancy was primarily recommended to increase adherence level.
AMHARIC-ENGLISH CODE-MIXED LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING APPROACH
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-01) YETMWORK TESFAYE ASFAW
In recent years, the study of identifying languages in social media text has been a fascinating area of research. Earlier English language was dominantly used in social media communication, but code-mixed text in social media is prevalent in non-English-speaking states. In code-mixed data, a single sentence combines two different languages, making it challenging for people to determine the language used in the text. Therefore, the use of language identification for processing such code-mixed sentences is essential in language processing tasks. In this proposed work we employed different machine learning and deep learning techniques to identify Amharic-English code-mixed text from social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, and Telegram. For the proposed models we prepared 5021 sentences from these social media, and we applied scraping, cleaning, filtration, and then tokenization and POS tagging using NLTK. After tokenization was performed, we labeled each language tag and Amharic POS tag manually, the total number of words was thirty-one thousand three hundred five (31,305) prepared. The process of categorizing Amharic-English code-mixed data into Amharic, English, Named Entity, and Universal was executed. In this study, we employed machine learning and deep learning methods, we trained our models with count vector, TF-IDF vector, bi and tri gram, and word to vector. After model training was finished, we evaluated the effectiveness of each model using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score, and for user-friendly interaction, we saved the model and deployed using the Flask web Framework. The result shows SVM, logistic regression, and naïve bayes achieves an accuracy of 96%, 86%, and 86%, with TF-IDF and count vector respectively, and decision tree, XGBoost, random forest, and MaxEnt performs an accuracy of 94%, 93%, 93% and 87% with word to vector respectively. And LSTM, CNN, Bi-LSTM, MLP gained accuracy of 84%,87%,87%, and 87%. Generally, SVM is best fit for our code-mixed language identification. From deep learning algorithm MLP is best in terms of f1-score of 0.90,0.95,0.64, and 0.55 for Amharic, English, named entity and universal language label.
AN ASSESMENT FACTOR AFFECTING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON LOCAL DEVELOPMENT” IN THE CASE OF EMDIBER TOWN ADMINISTRATION
(wku, 2022-09-02) KIRUBEL DAMTEW
The purpose of this study was to assess factors affecting community participation in local development at selected kebele of Emdiber town administration. Descriptive research design was used. Qualitative and quantitative approaches of research were employed. Both primary and secondary source of data were used. Systematic and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select respondents. Data were collected by using survey questionnaire from 184 sample community respondents, interview conducted with selected government officials and kebele administrators, FGDs held with selected community representatives, and personal observation. A descriptive method was employed to analyze the collected data. The findings shows that absences of appropriate awareness creation, absence of convincing community mobilizing approach, absence of all inclusive participatory approach, over reporting of few development success, weak institutional frame work, gender discrimination, illiteracy, low social cooperation and low personal income are some of major factors that greatly hampered active community participation in development program that result on poor community involvement at grass root level. As result of low level of community participation, most of local development decisions were passed based on small unrepresentative interest group and local leaders’ interest and also several communities based local development programs were failed to be implemented. Thus it is recommended that local government authority should strengthen its institutional capacity, enhance community awareness creation on community participation and its importance, develop convincing community mobilizing approach, developing inclusive participatory decision making and that all community members should voluntarily work in collaboration with local government authority and others development actors to make local development program successful and sustainable. Finally, the community participation in sustainable local economic developed created strong social, community capital and developed sense of ownership with a very great confidence.
AN ASSESSMENT OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRACTICES IN LAND ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN, ETHIOPIA.
(wku, 2022-10-07) GENET SISHA
The importance of good governance as a critical condition for land administration can no longer be under estimated in both developed and developing societies. The purpose of this study was to assess good governance practices in land administration pertaining to transparency at wolkite town, Ethiopia. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted whereby data was gathered through questionnaires, key informants interview, focused group discussions and document analysis. A total of 384household heads, 15 focus group participant and 12 key informants were involved for the study using random and purposive sampling methods, respectively. Data collected by survey questionnaires was entered SPSS for statistical analysis; and data collected by focus group discussion and interviews were analyzed qualitatively; and used for the purpose of triangulation. The study found that the extent of clarity and accessibility of land laws, rules and regulations; and the extent of transparency of land use, allocation and distribution was very low as perceived by the respondent residents. The study further revealed that the decision making process was not open and participatory. The major challenges of land administration in the study area were corruption, bureaucracy, political interference, poor management and incompetence .The study concludes that the land administration system is not transparent based on views and experiences of residents and focus group respondents. The study recommended that enlighten urban residents on laws, rules and regulations, ensuring accessibility of information, capacitating service providers and increase application of information communication technologies were essential to ensure good urban land governance and administration in the study area
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE ROLE OF NATIONAL DIALOGUE IN ENSURING DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL TRANSITION IN ETHIOPIAN SINCE 2018
(wolkite unvesity, 2022-05-01) FIRITO KASSA
Recently Ethiopia attempted a democratic political transition in 2018 by allowing opposition parties to participate in the political process. However, the initial attempt at democratic political transition has not been consolidated by numerous obstacles that need to be given serious attention to consolidating the democratic political system. Ethiopia's government organized a nationwide dialogue to solve the country's multifaceted concerns. The main objective of this study was to provide an assessment of the role of national dialogue in ensuring democratic political transition in Ethiopia since 2018. To achieve this objective, the study employed a qualitative research approach and an exploratory study design. The study used primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.Non-probable sampling, particularly purposive sampling, was employed to select key informants and FGD discussants. The thematic analysis method was applied to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study identified thatthe FDRE constitution, federal structure, historical narratives, national flag, emblems, heroes, social cohesion, and political culture are major national agendas that should be addressed during the planned national dialogue. *RYHUQPHQWV SROLWLFDO SDUWLHV¶ PHGLD FLYLO VRFLHW\ DQG H[WHUQDO DFWRUV DUH WKH PDLQ stakeholders to be included in the national dialogue. According to the findings, factors influencing the success of national dialogue in Ethiopia include inclusiveness, representation, and selection criteria; setting clear objectives and agendas; credible conveners; public support; linkages with other political processes, and external actors; national ownership; and learning from experience.
AN ASSESSMENT ON THE ROLE OF NATIONAL DIALOGUE IN ENSURING DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL TRANSITION IN ETHIOPIAN SINCE 2018
(wku, 2022-07-05) FIRITO KASSA
Recently Ethiopia attempted a democratic political transition in 2018 by allowing opposition parties to participate in the political process. However, the initial attempt at democratic political transition has not been consolidated by numerous obstacles that need to be given serious attention to consolidating the democratic political system. Ethiopia's government organized a nationwide dialogue to solve the country's multifaceted concerns. The main objective of this study was to provide an assessment of the role of national dialogue in ensuring democratic political transition in Ethiopia since 2018. To achieve this objective, the study employed a qualitative research approach and an exploratory study design. The study used primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.Non-probable sampling, particularly purposive sampling, was employed to select key informants and FGD discussants. The thematic analysis method was applied to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study identified thatthe FDRE constitution, federal structure, historical narratives, national flag, emblems, heroes, social cohesion, and political culture are major national agendas that should be addressed during the planned national dialogue. Governments, political parties’ media, civil society, and external actors are the main stakeholders to be included in the national dialogue. According to the findings, factors influencing the success of national dialogue in Ethiopia include inclusiveness, representation, and selection criteria; setting clear objectives and agendas; credible conveners; public support; linkages with other political processes, and external actors; national ownership; and learning from experience.
An Assessment on Urban Green Infrastructure Development and Challenges: A case of Wolkite Town, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia
(wku, 2024-07-01) FELEKECH TESFAYE
The concept of urban green infrastructure is being implemented as part of future land use plans in cities around the world. This study was aimed to assessing current status and challenges of urban green infrastructure development in Wolkite town. To achieve the aforementioned research objective, a mixed research approach was used. Representative sample respondents and key informant were selected using random and purposive sampling methods, respectively. Questionnaire, key informant interview were used as tools of data collection. Data obtained via survey questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26). Data collected by document review and key informant interviews were analyzed by description for method of triangulation. The findings of the study revealed that road side plantation was the common urban green infrastructure in the study area. However, the status of urban green infrastructure is very poor this lead to dissatisfaction among the dwellers. Increasing green areas coverage had encouraging effect on urban green infrastructure while lack of strategic plan to facilitate the development and management of urban green infrastructure and lack of reserved spaces was identified as the major problem in the town. Based on the findings of the study, it concludes that urban green infrastructure in the study are faces various challenges and as a result to improve the coverage and quantity of urban green infrastructure of Wolkite town used its maximum effort on it, Wolkite town administration and municipality administration should give consideration for plan, implantation and rules regarding urban green infrastructure in the study area
AN EVALUATION OF THE WRITING TASKS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION; INTHE CASE OF GRADE 12 ENGLISH TEXT BOOK
(2024-07-06) DEJENE DEGAGA
The purpose of this study was to evaluate grade 12 the old English textbook writing tasks and their implementations. A descriptive research design was used. The writing tasks of the study included a Grade 12 the old English textbook, 50 grade twelve students, and three English teachers. The simple random sampling technique and the comprehensive sampling technique were used to select the participant students and teachers, respectively. As data collection tools, document analysis, questionnaires, and observations were used. Then, the book was evaluated using the checklist, and the data obtained from participant teachers and students were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data from the document analysis were analyzed qualitatively while data from the questionnaire and observation were analyzed quantitatively. All the activities presented in the writing tasks were designed in accordance with the data collected from questionnaire and observation. The variety of writing activities was not enough. The activities include a limited variety of active learning methods. Moreover, most of the activities did not include the three stages of language learning; pre-task, whiletask, and post-task. The teachers did not appropriately implement the tasks. The roles of learners and teachers in the writing tasks of the book were appropriate. However, these roles were not clearly stated in the book. The number of individual work activities was relatively high compared to the whole class and group activities. More number of pair and group work activities exceeding individual activities should be include in the writing tasks.
ANEVALUATIONOFTHEGRADENINEENGLISHTEXTBOOK'S COMMUNICATIVEGRAMMARTEACHINGTASKSANDEFLTEACHERS' IMPLEMENTATIONATSODOBUEEADMINISTRATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLINFOCUS
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-06) WENDMU MEKONEN
ASSESSEMENT OF STATUS OF SOIL ACIDITY UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES AND SLOPE GRADIENTS: THE CASE OF WEST AZERNET BERBERE DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-06) AHMED ASRAR ABDELLA
The general purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of land use types; slope gradient and their interaction on soil acidity and selected physico-chemical properties in West Azernet Berber Woreda. The experiment was taken as the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and total of 27 composite samples were taken. For data analysis, general linear model procedure of SAS version 9.4 was used.Three land uses (natural forest, grazing and cultivated land), and three slope gradients (10-15%, 5-10% and 2-5%) in three replications were considered for this study. Totally 27 composite soil samples were collected from cultivated, forest and grazing lands and slope gradients with three replications for laboratory analysis. Results indicated that the highest mean value of sand was recorded in grazing land and highest mean value of silt and clay were recorded under forest land, cultivated lands and upper slope classes respectively. Soils were strongly acidic (pH =5.2-5.4), whereas natural forest land uses and lower slope classes were moderately acidic2 (pH =5.9-6.0). The total porosity, bulk density and PH, Av.P, OM, CEC,Ca+2, Mg+2 K+, Na+, were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) affected by land use types and slope gradients .Percent base saturation Total nitrogen and except silt, particle size distribution were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by land use typesand slope classes . The mean values of sand ,total porosity, pH, OM, TN, CEC, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Na+ and PBS were higher in forest and lower slope classes as compared with grazing , cultivated lands and in 10-15% and 5-10% slope classes respectively. The exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by under cultivated land and grazing lands and upper slope classes. Generally, land use types and slope gradient have significant effect on their interaction soil acidity and selected physic-chemical properties of soil. Therefore, in order to reduce soil acidity problem, minimize intensive cultivation, over grazing, liming and integrated soil acidity management practice is recommended for study area and further study should be investigated on the rest soil nutrients.
ASSESSIMENT OF INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM IN PEACE BUILDING PROCESS; THE CASE OF GEDEBANO GUTAZER WOLENE WOREDA IN GURAGE ZONE
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-01) FISEHA KIFLE
The main objective of this study is to find out the effectiveness of yegorden sera indigenous conflict resolution institution among Gedebano Gutazer Wolene woreda Gurage zone Central Ethiopia. To attain this objective, the study employed both secondary and primary data sources. The primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. Secondary data were obtained from local government office through, published and unpublished material .Both primary and secondary data were organized thematically and analyzed through systematic interpretation and triangulation of various sources. The study found that conflict related with land grazing, water, inheritance issues and border conflicts are main causes of conflict among the Gedebano Gutazer Wolene Woreda. Conflicts are manifested at family, neighborhood and clan level with varying magnitude. Finally, the study concluded the local elders forced the conflicting parties to come and discuss their problem; this considered as the domination of decision-making process on the eyes of residents. During decision-making process, youths actively participate in the process-disregarding women in the study area. In addition the researcher recommended that Serious measure should be taken by the concerned body in supporting elders and religious leaders financial, and material in order to compensate their time and agricultural work and Due attention should be given by the woreda officials for the procedures and rules to settle the conflicts in a written form as they differ according to culture and custom of the society.
ASSESSING CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION : IN THE CASE OF ENORENEREMEGER WOREDA IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGIONAL STATE
(wku, 2025-04-03) MAHMUD EWNETU
In developing countries like Ethiopia, rural to urban migration affects the social and economic conditions of both urban and rural areas. The purpose of this research study is to assess the causes and consequences of rural to urban migration in Enorenermegr woreda in Gurage zone. To achieve the objectives of this study have used different methodological approaches,like descriptive research design and mixed research approaches. That implemented qualitative and quantitative research approaches.In the research study area 384 targeted population is samples taken from most migration exposed rural kebeles. That data collected from primary and secondary data sources. The interpreted data shown that the greater number of younger age groups were migrating in study area. Which the compiled data also demonstrated that many of the local residents people exposed urban migration, most of them are younger adults and unmarried single individuals persons.In Addition to that, many primary and secondary school students dropping out in their education earlier age's exposed to migration.As results with continues flows of migration happened formerly vibrant villages are badly changed inactive villages and many beautiful houses are highly shutting down. There are many causes to migrating people to most urban destination areas. The researcher investigated that most of the pushing and pulling factors are most likely related to seek different job opportunities, to generate incomes and gain preferred better lifestyles rather than hate those who have burdens of hardship rural works. And also related pushing factors in rural areas are mostly less agricultural productivity, and shortage of different infrastructures were the major problems. Many of the migrants in the study area initially migrated for a period and adjustment for temporary life, then adapted for permanently settled life in the destination cities or towns. The researcher across the study investigated some mitigating useful points recommendations are, effective rural policy developments actions that regional and urban management policy will be reviewed. Suggested to minimize this sudden migration it needs a big push actions. The fact that poverty reduction during rural to urban transformation and rural development program is still more important than urbanization.
ASSESSING LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES AND ITS CHALLENGES IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS: IN THE CASE OF
(Wolkite University, 2022-05) Kedija Sani
After the down fall of the military regime, the current government of Ethiopia had shown the commitment to improve public sector leadership. For the last two decades, all the federal, regional and local governments made a number of efforts to develop the capacities of public sector leaders. However, many public sectors still lack well experienced and competent leaders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the practices and challenges of leadership development in EWPSOs. The descriptive research design by using mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research approach was applied. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select sample respondents. The data were collected from public servants, Woreda cabinet and Woreda top management through questionnaire, interview and FGD respectively. The analysis of quantitative data was made by using SPSS computer software while the analysis of qualitative data was made by following qualitative data analysis procedures. The findings of the study show that short term trainings, management courses in universities, selection and self- help activities are the main leadership development practices that are being exercised in EWPSOs. However, these leadership development practices are notproperly implemented Lack of well- organized and integrated leadership development plan, lack of identifying the basic leadership competencies and the better developmental activities, improper selection of young and new leaders for leadership positions and lack of conducive organizational culture are the basic challenges that hinder the effectiveness of leadership development efforts of public sector organizations. Finally, recommended that EWPSOs should understand the importance of developing many leaders in today's complex situation to address the fast increasing need and demand of the society.
ASSESSING LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES AND ITS CHALLENGES IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS: IN THE CASE OF ENOR WOREDA
(Wolkite University, 2022-01-30) Kedija Sani
After the down fall of the military regime, the current government of Ethiopia had shown the commitment to improve public sector leadership. For the last two decades, all the federal, regional and local governments made a number of efforts to develop the capacities of public sector leaders. However, many public sectors still lack well experienced and competent leaders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the practices and challenges of leadership development in EWPSOs. The descriptive research design by using mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research approach was applied. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select sample respondents. The data were collected from public servants, Woreda cabinet and Woreda top management through questionnaire, interview and FGD respectively. The analysis of quantitative data was made by using SPSS computer software while the analysis of qualitative data was made by following qualitative data analysis procedures. The findings of the study show that short term trainings, management courses in universities, selection and self- help activities are the main leadership development practices that are being exercised in EWPSOs. However, these leadership development practices are not properly implemented Lack of well- organized and integrated leadership development plan, lack of identifying the basic leadership competencies and the better developmental activities, improper selection of young and new leaders for leadership positions and lack of conducive organizational culture are the basic challenges that hinder the effectiveness of leadership development efforts of public sector organizations. Finally, recommended that EWPSOs should understand the importance of developing many leaders in today's complex situation to address the fast increasing need and demand of the society.
Assessing Second Year English Language Major Students’ Attitudes Towards Using English As A Medium Of Communication In TheClassroom: The Case Of Wolkite University Students
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-03) Kamila A/Zinab, Kamila
The study aimed at assessing second year English language and literature students’ attitudes towards using English as a medium of communication in the classroom level. 12 students were participant of the study. Comprehensive and purposive sampling techniques were applied to select the participants for questionnaire, and interview, respectively. 12 questions were distributed to the students to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Interview (semi structured) was conducted with six students to get qualitative data and finally analyzed by the researcher. The data that gathered through closed-ended questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively by using percentage and tabulation. The data that gathered through open-ended questionnaire and interview was analyzed through the qualitative and quantitative method. The finding of this study revealed that most of the second year English language and literature students have positive attitudes towards using English language as a medium of communication.
ASSESSING STUDENTS’ READING SKILLS FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSE IN GURAGE ZONE IN THE CASE OF TIYA SECONDARY SCHOOL GRADE 10TH STUDENTS IN FOCUS.
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-05) ALEMU ADIMAS
The main objective of this study is assessing students‟ reading skills for academic purpose in Gurage Zone in the case of Tiya secondary school grade 10th students. The researcher used descriptive research design. This was because as the researcher tried to describe the observed data which were collected through the three data collection tools (questionnaire, interview and observation). There were 200 students who have been attending their grade 10th education with four separate sections and there were four home room teachers and one English teacher who have been teaching them at Tiya secondary school. Of these, 30% (60) students were selected for this study. To achieve the intended objective of the study, four home room teachers and one English teacher were selected for interview purposefully and twelve(12) students also were selected for it in lottery method (simple random sampling technique).The researcher mainly used forty eight(48) students for questionnaire from the whole sections( 12 students were selected randomly in each section). In addition to this, the researcher employed class room observation on English teacher at this school. The researcher mainly used questionnaire and interview as main tools for data collection and observation also used for cross-checking the data which were given in the questionnaire and interview. The result of the study obtained in thequestionnaire showed that English teacher mainly used teacher-centered teaching methodology in teaching reading skill. English teacher highly provided the post reading tasks to the learners and the learners were less motivated to do the pre and while- reading tasks as well. Since English teacher's teaching reading was so poor, the learners were supposed to do only the given or the post reading task as they suggested. The data obtained from interview depicted that the learners have lack of vocabulary knowledge, lack of reading habit, and their irritated kind of early schooling(reading) background were mainly affected them unable to improve their reading skills and academic performance. In addition, the poor implementation of teaching reading skill was also made the learners unable to improve their reading skills and academic performances. Similarly, the result obtained from the classroom observation revealed that teaching reading skill was given less emphasis as the English teacher used teacher-centered teaching methodology and as the learners did not get ample opportunities in guessing, predicting, analyzing and relating their prior knowledge with the existing knowledge. V 8In general, the students‟ lack of reading habit, lack of vocabulary knowledge, family (parents) work load, the irritated kind of their early schooling background and the poor implementation of English teacher‟s teaching reading skills were the major factors that hindered the students‟ reading skills for academic purpose in the case of Tiya secondary school grade 10th students. According to the results of the three instruments, it is possible to conclude that teaching reading skills at Tiya secondary school was very poor and it was given less emphasis. Hence, it is possible to recommend that reading skill should be taught in accordance with the students‟ involvements (student-centered teaching methodology)