College of Social Sciences & Humanities

URI for this communityhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/123456789/45784

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Assessing Second Year English Language Major Students’ Attitudes Towards Using English As A Medium Of Communication In TheClassroom: The Case Of Wolkite University Students
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-03) Kamila A/Zinab, Kamila
The study aimed at assessing second year English language and literature students’ attitudes towards using English as a medium of communication in the classroom level. 12 students were participant of the study. Comprehensive and purposive sampling techniques were applied to select the participants for questionnaire, and interview, respectively. 12 questions were distributed to the students to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Interview (semi structured) was conducted with six students to get qualitative data and finally analyzed by the researcher. The data that gathered through closed-ended questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively by using percentage and tabulation. The data that gathered through open-ended questionnaire and interview was analyzed through the qualitative and quantitative method. The finding of this study revealed that most of the second year English language and literature students have positive attitudes towards using English language as a medium of communication.
The Impact of Cultural Diversity in Interpersonal Communication with Particular Reference to Wolkite University College of social Sciences and Humanities Graduating Class Students.
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-06) Belaynesh Zefine
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES OF STUDENTS’ PARAGRAPH LEVEL WRITING: WOLKITE UNIVERISTY, SECOND YEAR ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITRATURE STUDENTS IN FOCUS
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-06) FIRNESH LEGESSE
The main objective of this study is to assess the practices and challenges students’ paragraph writing. The study is carried out in wolkite university special reference to second year English language and literature major student in focus. The researcher is employed 12 students to fill questioner. In order to achieve the objectives, the study employed three data gathering tools: closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires, interview for teachers and document analysis. The questionnaire is employed to identify student student’s response by figures and descriptive method. The document analysis, which used to find out student’s paragraph writing problems and identify factor that affects the quality of paragraph written by students. Furthermore, the interview is employed to identify what the writing teachers were doing when they teach paragraph writing, challenges, that hinder students in paragraph level writing. All the data collected using different tools were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively .the study identified the major paragraph writing challenges students encountered. These are problem of organization, unity, process, grammar, punctuation, capitalization and spelling. in addition ,factors that were affecting student’ paragraph writing were divided into students related factors like lack of knowledge of strategic use, students writing apprehension, shortage of vocabulary and lack of regular practice, and teachers related factors such as teachers’ ways of giving feedback. Therefore, since paragraph writing is a skill that could be improved through sufficient practicing, second year major English language and literature students should be practice a lot and use grammatical rules for good paragraph writing.
FACTORSTHATAFFECTSTUDENTSINTERPERSONALCOMMUNICATIONIN THE CLASS ROOM : SECOND YEAR ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDENTS IN FOCUS.
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2019-06) TIGST TESHOME
This research paper dealt about the factors that affect students' interpersonal communication. It focused on second year English language and literature students' in Wolkite University. The objective of the study was to investigate the major factors that affect students' interpersonal communication. The researcher used to conduct this data from the students or participants' by using questionnaire , interview and observation in order to get an appropriate finding ,availability sampling /non-sampling technique system was used .The researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis . The study shows that, the students' have interest to communicate and interact with each other‟s through English language in the class when they do different activities with their friends . But, some barriers like mother tongue language and the variety of language affect their interpersonal communication as well as their relationship. Also, factors like language, culture difference, cultural influence, technological issues, and noise, power and gender issues are the major barriers which affected students' interpersonal communication
ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL AUDIT EFFECTIVENESS IN OROMIA INTERNATIONAL BANK WOLKITE BRANCH
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-01) FEYISA DESTA
This paper focused on the assessment of internal audit effectiveness in oromia international bankwolkite branch. Internal auditing help the bank to accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic discipline to evaluate and improve the efficiencies manner. The study was tried to assess the effectiveness factors, like internal audit quality, management support, organization setting, organizational independence of internal auditors and audit attribute. The study would be used primary sources of data in order to gather the required information. The data would be collected through structured questionnaire distribution to managers and employees (8respondents) purposively. Then the data would be processed, analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics. The findings further indicate that there is a problem regarding quality of internal audit in internal audit department of OIB Wolkite branch. Based on findings, conclusion and recommendations to the banks and suggestions for other researchers are forwarded.
FACTORSCHALLENGINGCHANGEMANAGEMENTPRACTICE:INTHE CASEOFGURAGEZONEPUBLICSECTORS
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-01) ABDUREZAK SURUR IBRAHIM
ON SOME FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEMES FOR THE SOLUTION OF SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-01) Damaku Wakuma; Nurilign Shibabaw
This project deals about Congruence, properties of congruence, linear congruence, sys team of linear congruence and chinese remainder theorem .it contains two chapters. the first chapter is deals with the definition of congruence and its examples and properties of congruence the second chapter deals about system of linear congruence solvability of system of linear congruence and chinese remainder towerman it contains many subsections under each chapter.
DETERMINANTS OF SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION USE BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS: THE CASE OF CHEHA WOREDA, GURAGE ZONE, SNNPRS.
(Wolkite University, 2021-01-30) TADELE TIGISTU TILAHUN
Irrigated agriculture is one of the critical components of food production, which has contributed significantly to maintaining world food security and to the reduction of rural poverty. Livelihood of the rural people of Ethiopia depends on agriculture. However, erratic nature of rain and prevalence of drought in the country make agricultural production a challenge. In order to combat such problems, currently the Ethiopian government is working on irrigation development by giving special emphasis .The aim of this study was to identify determinants of Small-scale irrigation use by small holder farmers, in Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone SNNPRS. A total of 172 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed by using close ended interview schedule and focus group discussion was used to get further information on the issue. Various documents were also reviewed to collect secondary data. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (chi-square and independent t-test) and econometric model analysis were used to analyze quantitative data. As the binary logistic regression model result indicates, six variables were found to be significant namely household size (labor), access to agricultural inputs and age of household heads had significant and positive effect on the use of small-scale irrigation at 5% probability level. Similarly, availability of water nearest to farm land and access to credit services had significant and positive effect on the use of small-scale irrigation at 10% probability level while, sex of household heads (being female), had significant and negative effect on the use of small-scale irrigation at 10% significance level. Governmental and non-governmental organizations should give emphasis on provision of training to create awareness and skills about irrigation technologies and increases their access to use irrigation water in the study area. They also should give emphasis on intensifying agricultural production in order to enhance the productivity of limited land. Therefore, to alleviate these problems and improve small-scale irrigation utilization, woreda (district) agricultural and rural development office and other concerned bodies should attempt to address those factors that hinder small-scale irrigation utilization in the study area.
Assessing the challenges of micro and small enterprises in Dalocha town
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-07) Abdulmejid Admama
This study focused on assessing the challenges of micro and small enterprises in Dalocha town. The objective of the study was to investigate the challenges of micro and small enterprises in Dalocha town. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the study used both qualitative and quantitative research approach. The study data was gathered from primary and secondary sources and examined through probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Accordingly, challenges of financial facilities, marketing networks, infrastructural faculties, management efficiency as well as socio political situations had very high effects and negative effect on the progress of the studied area Micro and Small Enterprises. Thus Considering the output of the research, the study were recommended the following; Micro Finance Institutions interest rate is so high and loan payback period is short, to reduce this challenges the study recommend Micro Finance Institutions reconsiders the procedures, to reduced management efficiency among member groups of Micro and Small Enterprises. The study recommends that the Woreda bureau of Micro and Small Enterprises may provide experts technical assistance and training according to the nature of the enterprises.
COMMON BEST PROXIMITY POINT THEOREMS FOR GENERALIZED PROXIMAL WEAKLY CONTRATIVE MAPPING IN b-METRIC SPACES
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-07) YITAGES NEGEDE
n this thesis, common best proximity point theorems for weakly contrac tive mapping in b-metric spaces in the cases of non-self mappings are proved, we introduced the notion of generalized proximal weakly contrac tive mappings in b-metric spaces and proved the existence and uniqueness of common best proximity point for these mappings in complete b-metric spaces. We also included some supporting examples that our finding is more generalize that the references we used.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN URBAN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: THE CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA
(Wolkite University, 2021-08) FEKADU MERSHA ZELIKU
Effective community participation is regarded as an important component in development projects since people’s needs are addressed best through participation. The aim of this study was to examine community participation in urban road infrastructure development projects (URIDP) in Wolkite Town, SNNPR. A mixed research approach was adopted whereby data was gathered through questionnaires, key informants interview, focused group discussions and document analysis. A sample of 366 householdheads, 21 focused group participants and 9 key informants were selected utilizing purposive and simple random sampling techniques’ to elicit information for this study. Collected data were analyzed for descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data obtained from focus group discussion and interviews were analyzed qualitatively, and used for the purpose of triangulation. The study found out that the level of community participation in URIDP was generally low. Additionally it was also indicated that the majority of community members were not aware of their roles and responsibilities in road infrastructure development projects of their locality and that urban residents were generally not actively involved in decision making, planning, monitoring and evaluation processes.Findings also revealed that the institutional structures installed by the municipality to involve communities in local development initiatives especially roads are highly disorganized and unsustainable implying that community participation in road infrastructure development projects was carried out in campaigns and was not well institutionalized in the Town. The major challenges that hinder community participation in road infrastructure development were lack of awareness, poor coordination and communication between local authorities and communities, weak institutional structures and lack of resources. The paper concludes that for effective community participation in urban road development projects, overcoming barriers to participation and promoting more participatory approach was indispensable. It was recommended that building community awareness, strengthening effective cooperation and communication between local leaders and communities and creating enabling institutional structures were essential to realize community participation in urban road infrastructure development in the Study Area.
STOCHASTIC RESONANCE OF CHARGE CARRIERS DIFFUSION IN A SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER UNDER AN EXTERNAL HARMONIC POTENTIAL AND NONUNIFORM LOW TEMPERATURE
(Wolkite University, 2021-08-25) Tesema Daba Begna ; Dr.Berhanu Aragie
We look into the dynamics of charge carriers walking along a semiconductor layer assisted by an external harmonic potential V (x) and nonuniform low temperature. We approx imated the harmonic potential as a parabola minimum at the center which forced the charge carriers to migrate and distribute around the central region. Then apply a nonuni form temperature which is the linear combination of two temperatures. The first one is low around the center, Such temperature favor the charge carriers to stay around the center. The other one is high around the center and decays as one moves away from the center. This temperature may force the charge carriers to migrate away from the center. So that the central region becomes less comfortable. Together with the trap potential depth, external potential and the nature of temperature force the system to behave like a bistable system. We studied the ways of mobilizing charge carriers along the semicon ductor layer with different controlling parameters. Moreover, the thermally activated rate of hopping of the charge carriers as a function of different model parameters is discussed in high barrier limit. In the presence of a time-varying signal, the stochastic resonance (SR) of the charge carriers dynamics is studied via two state approximation. Our finding shows a strong spectral amplification η at a low temperature.
ASSESSING LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES AND ITS CHALLENGES IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS: IN THE CASE OF ENOR WOREDA
(Wolkite University, 2022-01-30) Kedija Sani
After the down fall of the military regime, the current government of Ethiopia had shown the commitment to improve public sector leadership. For the last two decades, all the federal, regional and local governments made a number of efforts to develop the capacities of public sector leaders. However, many public sectors still lack well experienced and competent leaders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the practices and challenges of leadership development in EWPSOs. The descriptive research design by using mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research approach was applied. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select sample respondents. The data were collected from public servants, Woreda cabinet and Woreda top management through questionnaire, interview and FGD respectively. The analysis of quantitative data was made by using SPSS computer software while the analysis of qualitative data was made by following qualitative data analysis procedures. The findings of the study show that short term trainings, management courses in universities, selection and self- help activities are the main leadership development practices that are being exercised in EWPSOs. However, these leadership development practices are not properly implemented Lack of well- organized and integrated leadership development plan, lack of identifying the basic leadership competencies and the better developmental activities, improper selection of young and new leaders for leadership positions and lack of conducive organizational culture are the basic challenges that hinder the effectiveness of leadership development efforts of public sector organizations. Finally, recommended that EWPSOs should understand the importance of developing many leaders in today's complex situation to address the fast increasing need and demand of the society.
AN ASSESSMENT ON EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL LEVEL COUNCIL IN PROMOTING DEMOCRACY: THE CASE OF GORO WOREDA SOUTH WEST SHEWA ZONE, OROMIA REGION
(2022-05) ACHALU KEBENESA
This thesis studies about effectiveness of local level council in Goro Woreda. Local council is one of the tiers of public authority that citizens first look to solve their social problems. Local council is locally elected body and it is in place to ensure the provision of social services and to make the voice of people to be heard. The government of Ethiopia in general and Goro woreda administration in particular establishes council at different level of government as a control means to ensure effective implementation of policies and programs by other government organs. However, the study conducted in the area revealed that the council did not effectively perform its role due to different reasons such as domination of the executive, lack of skilled man power, lack of commitment of members of the council and lack of resources. Therefore, this study focused to assess effectiveness of local level council in Goro woreda. In order to achieve objective of the study the researcher used purposive sampling technique and collected information both from primary and secondary sources. Different data collection methods have been employed. Primary data gathered through interview, focus group discussion and observation whereas secondary data gathered from document analysis such as minutes, reports and attendance of councilors. The data generated have been analyzed qualitatively using thematic content analysis and simple description which has been preceded by translation and transcription of the data. The study conducted in the area revealed that the council did not effectively perform its role due to different reasons such as domination of the executive, lack of skilled man power, lack of commitment of members of the council and lack of resources. By the study it was also found that the executive supremacy over the council forced the decisions and actions of the council to be in line with the interest of the executive, thus the council was not responsive to the needs of local community. In a nutshell, the council was hampered by a lot of challenges and was not effective in playing its role in providing social services and promoting democracy, therefore, it is recommended that the council should be free from insignificant intervention of different bodies and the activity of council should be accountable and transparent to the people. In addition to this councilors need to be committed to public interest and perform their role in accordance with the constitution to make the council independent entity.
ASSESSING LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES AND ITS CHALLENGES IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS: IN THE CASE OF
(Wolkite University, 2022-05) Kedija Sani
After the down fall of the military regime, the current government of Ethiopia had shown the commitment to improve public sector leadership. For the last two decades, all the federal, regional and local governments made a number of efforts to develop the capacities of public sector leaders. However, many public sectors still lack well experienced and competent leaders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the practices and challenges of leadership development in EWPSOs. The descriptive research design by using mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research approach was applied. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select sample respondents. The data were collected from public servants, Woreda cabinet and Woreda top management through questionnaire, interview and FGD respectively. The analysis of quantitative data was made by using SPSS computer software while the analysis of qualitative data was made by following qualitative data analysis procedures. The findings of the study show that short term trainings, management courses in universities, selection and self- help activities are the main leadership development practices that are being exercised in EWPSOs. However, these leadership development practices are notproperly implemented Lack of well- organized and integrated leadership development plan, lack of identifying the basic leadership competencies and the better developmental activities, improper selection of young and new leaders for leadership positions and lack of conducive organizational culture are the basic challenges that hinder the effectiveness of leadership development efforts of public sector organizations. Finally, recommended that EWPSOs should understand the importance of developing many leaders in today's complex situation to address the fast increasing need and demand of the society.
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN GURAGE ZONE: THE CASE OF ABESHIGE WOREDA, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-06) ADANE BIZANI NURIYE
Abeshige woredas has faced numerous challenges in expanding private investment in agriculture sector in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to assess the challenges and prospects of private investment in agriculture sector in Gurage zone: the case of Abeshige woreda, SNNPR. Mixed research approach was adopted whereby data was gathered through questionnaire, interviews focused group discussions and also field observation. The sampling techniques chosen was census method & purposive. In these method because selected on the fact that population entries are very small and also that this method provides more accurate and exact information, Besides, they identified the woreda and zonal offices were selected purposively with intention of obtaining theperson that can provide more information about private investment in agriculture sector operating in the Abeshige woreda. A sample of 68 participants were involved in the questionnaire survey, out of the total 68 participants, 30 were investors, in these respondents were selected censes methods, because the researcher population entries very small and 38 were four respective(concerned)government institutional experts were asked accordingly. The experts were selected purposively based on their what knowledge know about research studying is more detailed than others, it gives more leverage to the researcher to perform and bring out the best information possible from the samples and it depends, judgment and also in this thesis 21 focused group participants includes, thus 13 key informants were selected purposive’ to elicit information for this study. Descriptive analysis method son frequency, percentage and graph of data analysiswere employed to analyze the surveyed data. The results of the study presented those shortages of funds to finance, poor government services delivery, presents of government related challenges and weak infrastructural development. The paper concludes that for effective private investment the in-agriculture sector, overcoming fences to promote private investment agriculture sector was crucial. It was recommended that improve government delivery service for the investors , enhancing access to finance, availability of infrastructure should be seriously improved ,should be improve government related challenges and provide more incentive packages and encourages who invest were essential to realize private investment in agriculture sector in the Study Area.
ASSESSEMENT OF STATUS OF SOIL ACIDITY UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES AND SLOPE GRADIENTS: THE CASE OF WEST AZERNET BERBERE DISTRICT, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-06) AHMED ASRAR ABDELLA
The general purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of land use types; slope gradient and their interaction on soil acidity and selected physico-chemical properties in West Azernet Berber Woreda. The experiment was taken as the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and total of 27 composite samples were taken. For data analysis, general linear model procedure of SAS version 9.4 was used.Three land uses (natural forest, grazing and cultivated land), and three slope gradients (10-15%, 5-10% and 2-5%) in three replications were considered for this study. Totally 27 composite soil samples were collected from cultivated, forest and grazing lands and slope gradients with three replications for laboratory analysis. Results indicated that the highest mean value of sand was recorded in grazing land and highest mean value of silt and clay were recorded under forest land, cultivated lands and upper slope classes respectively. Soils were strongly acidic (pH =5.2-5.4), whereas natural forest land uses and lower slope classes were moderately acidic2 (pH =5.9-6.0). The total porosity, bulk density and PH, Av.P, OM, CEC,Ca+2, Mg+2 K+, Na+, were significantly (p ≤ 0.001) affected by land use types and slope gradients .Percent base saturation Total nitrogen and except silt, particle size distribution were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by land use typesand slope classes . The mean values of sand ,total porosity, pH, OM, TN, CEC, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Na+ and PBS were higher in forest and lower slope classes as compared with grazing , cultivated lands and in 10-15% and 5-10% slope classes respectively. The exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by under cultivated land and grazing lands and upper slope classes. Generally, land use types and slope gradient have significant effect on their interaction soil acidity and selected physic-chemical properties of soil. Therefore, in order to reduce soil acidity problem, minimize intensive cultivation, over grazing, liming and integrated soil acidity management practice is recommended for study area and further study should be investigated on the rest soil nutrients.
The Role of Traditional Conflict Resolution Mechanism to ensure peace making and stability. The Case of Wash Zigba Sera, Enor Ener Woreda in Gurage Zone.
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-06) Berhanu Girma
Conflict is inevitable. Different societies handle it in various traditional and modern ways. Gurage people in general and Enor Ener Gurage in particular have their own traditional law that maintain peace and prevent conflict. Thus the aim of this study is the role of Wash Zigba Sera, a traditional conflict resolution mechanism in peace making and stability in Enor Ener Woreda. The study also investigates the causes of conflict among Enor Ener Woreda. To achieve the above objectivesqualitative study appoarch and Descriptive design is used. Primary data were collected from different informants in Enor Ener Woreda by employing such qualitative data collection techniques as an interview, focus group discussions and observation. A total number of 34 informants and discussants were participated in the study. The finding of this research reveals that the traditional conflict resolution mechanism is one of conflict resolving instrument in the study area. Accordingly, the causes of conflict among Enor Ener Woreda can broadly be classified into social and economic domains. Social instability and quarrel are among the causes of the conflict that result life losses. Conflicts of all type mostly resolved through traditional ways. The cases are traditionally adjudicated by elders in accordance with the traditional law called Kitcha/Sera. The elder’s council takes place under Zigba/yellow wood/ tree /Wash. As the homicide conflict case resolved through the customary way, the process can be seen in three phases. The first phase is Hetrat/cease fire where the conflicting parties are protected from further destruction. In the second stage litigation takes place among the disputant parties then verdict shall be given as to the type of murder (intentional or unintentional). Then, the reconciliation process takes place and a befitting compensation corresponding to the type of murder shall be given to the victim family’s .They make different ritual performances in order to clean from the crime. With heart full forgiveness both parties will avoid revenge and can live ahead peacefully. Having performed the ritual ceremony, parties can socialize each other.
CHARACTERIZATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES OF EXOTIC CHICKENS UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGIES IN EZHA DISTRICT OF GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPI
(Wolkite University, 2022-06) GIZEYATU CHERU W/SENBET
This study was conducted to assess the management practices, productive and reproductive performances of exotic chickens under different agro-ecologies, from March 2021 to September 2021 in Ezha district of Gurage zone, Ethiopia. A total of 280 (165 from highland and 115 from midland) households were randomly selected households from six peasant associations (PAs) were used in the study to collect primary data using semi-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21and mean differences were compared using Independent-Sample T Test. The result indicated that using extension package exotic chickens keeping as a parameter showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two agro-ecologies of the study area. The results obtained showed that the mean flock size of the study area was 10.5 chickens/household and types of exotic chicks to chicken owners showed that the majority of the respondents (80%) used Sasso breed the rest (20%) used Bovans brown. 90.4% of the respondents used separate house for their chicken from both agro-ecologies. However only 133(54.5%) of the respondent kept the chicken in a house at the time of both day and night. Regarding the feeding activities, majority 235(83.9%) was scavenging in addition to supplementary feed. Whereas, (11.1%) were homemade feed and only (4.3%) used formulated balanced diets feed. 279(99.6%) of chicken owners provide supplementary feed for their chickens and also (99.6%) of the respondents provide water to their chicken. About (68.6%) of the respondents vaccinate their chickens and (35.7%) use modern drugs to treat sick chickens. Newcastle (80.8%) vaccine is the most frequently used vaccine in the area. New castle disease (68.9%) and Fowl thiphoid, Gumboro and Foul poxdisease (31.1%) were the major poultry diseases with relatively high prevalence. About (41.1%), (21.1%) and (19.3%) of the respondent reported that weasel, eagle and wild cat as major predators, respectively. (97.5%) of the respondent has market access for products. Most respondents (97.1%) get the extension service from the extension agent and (74.3%) of them get the training about chicken production. The mean egg number/ hen /year were calculated to be (224.37 and 223.44) for the highland and midland respectively. The mean age at first egg was reported to be (5.88 and 5.83) months for highland and midland hens respectively. Exotic village chicken productivity estimating parameters like eggs/hen/year, number of clutch/hen/day, market age of cock and hen, sexual maturity of hen and age at 1st egg were showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Market weight of Sasso cock was reported to be (3.27 and 2.99) Kg and hen (3.0 and 2.88) Kg for the highland and midland respectively. There was no variation (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Thus, improving the overall management system such as improved feeding, recommended housing and health care extension packages could be a better strategy to increase the egg and meat production potential of exotic chickens under village management condition. The outstanding effort has been made to improve farmers raising a small number of exotic chickens to increase their chicken number under semi-intensive production system to play a role to improving chicken production and productivity
QUANTUM AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF THREE-LEVEL LASER DRIVEN BY COHERENT LIGHT
(Wolkite University, 2022-06-16) Aliyyi Adem Boseta
We have analyzed the quantum and statistical properties of the cavity light beam produced by a coherently driven degenerate three-level laser with a degenerate parametric ampli er(DPA) in a closed cavity and coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir via a single-port mirror. Applying the large-time approximation scheme, we have obtained the steady-states olutions of the equations of evolution for the expectation values of the atomic operatorsand the quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators. We calculated themean photon number, photon number variance, quadrature variance, and quadratu resqueezing for the cavity light using the steady-state solutions. We have seen that the light generated by the three-level laser is in a squeezed state and the squeezing occurs in the minus quadrature. The maximum quadrature squeezing of light generated by three levelatom is 60% below vacuum-state level. The parametric ampli er and stimulated emissionrate increase the mean and photon number variance, whereas the squeezing parameterdecreases mean and photon number variance. It so turns out that the parametric ampli erincreases the squeezing signi cantly. It is also found that one e ect of the coupling of thetop and bottom levels is to increase the mean and photon number variance