Department of Public Health
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Department of Public Health
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Item PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF UTERINE FIBROIDS AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN ATTENDING GYNECOLOGY UNIT IN GURAGE ZONE HOSPITALS, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2024.(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-04) MUNTAHA KEDIRIntroduction: Uterine fibroid is one of the most common benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus that affect women of reproductive age. The prevalence of fibroids is significant with esti mates that 20-25% of women and about 235 million of women who represent 6.6% of global women population estimated to be affecting worldwide. In our country the prevalence and asso ciated factors of uterine fibroids among reproductive age women is still unclear, thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of uterine fibroids among women attending gynecological unit in Gurage Zone Hospitals, 2024. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024, involving 342 study participants who were selected consecutively during the study period. The data were collected by using pre-tested structured questioners and data were entered into epi-data manager Version 4.2 and subsequently exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and Multivariable Lo gistic regressions analysis were performed to identify associated factors for uterine fibroids con sidering of 95% CI and P-value of < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of uterine fibroids among reproductive age women was 22.1%. The mean age of respondents was 33.4 and SD ± 6.8 years. Factors such as, age between 36-45 years (AOR = 8.635, 95% CI (1.179 - 63.223); participants educational status of secondary level (AOR = .040, 95% CI (.003-.485); experiencing infertility (AOR = 18.626, 95% Cl (4.336 - 80.011); obstetrics and gynecology related surgeries (AOR = 15.520, 95% Cl (5.755 - 41.854); ever used of contraceptives (AOR = .267, 95% Cl (.094 - .759); late age of menarche (AOR = .031,95% Cl (.001- .646); and family history of uterine fibroids (AOR = 6.705, 95% Cl (2.464 18.248); were significantly associated with uterine fibroids. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of uterine fibroids found to be relatively high. Major predictors such as age of women, participant educational status, infertility, obstetrics and gynecology related op eration, contraceptives, family history, and late menarche age was found to be predictors of uter ine fibroids. Therefore, encourage of the women early childbirth, promotion of contraceptives pills through long times should be promoted by health information and health education pro gram.Item UTILIZATION OF EIGHT ANTENATAL CARE CONTACTS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG POSTNATAL WOMEN IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA, 2024(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-04) AMINAT ALIBackground: Antenatal care refers to the care provided by skilled healthcare professionals to a woman from the start of her pregnancy until the onset of labor. It serves as a gateway for pregnant women in order to receive a broad range of health promotion and preventive services, including screening for warning signs during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period. However, there is limited evidence on the utilization of the recent eight ANC contacts. Objective: To assess the utilization of eight ANC contacts and associated factors among postnatal women in Gurage zone, Central, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Gurage Zone Hospital from February 23 to May 22, 2024, using consecutive sampling technique. A pretested structured questionnaire was employed via face-to-face interview and collected data was entered into EpiData version 4.6. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression was applied to assess association between the dependent and independent variables with a p-value below 0.05 was used to define statistical significance. The analyzed data was presented in frequency, percentage, mean, tables and figures. Results: A total of 392 pregnant women were included with response rate of 93%. The mean age of participants was 28 (SD +5). Overall, 147 (37.5 %; 95% CI:32.5 -42.5%) pregnant women had completed eight ANC contacts. Up on multivariable logistic regression model, age Conclusion: Eight ANC contact utilization is found to be low the national of reaching every pregnant woman and associated with age, residence, gestational age, knowledge of mother on 8 ANC contacts, perceived barriers, perceived cue to action, and ANC satisfaction. These findings help health care programmers and policymakers to introduce appropriate policies and programs to ensure increase the coverage of eight ANC contact.Item HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING USING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AND ASSOCISTED FACTORS AMONG GURAGE ZONE WOMEN, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) SIRAJ HIYARIntroduction: - Cancer is a diverse group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cervical cancer, specifically, begins in the cervix which is the narrow passage connecting the uterus to the vagina. Globally, cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women. World Health organization strongly recommends that women adhere to regular screening protocols established by their local healthcare systems. In Gurage zone as well as central Ethiopia, there are limited studies available on health seeking behavior toward cervical cancer screening. Objectives:-To assess the health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening and to identify its associated factors among Gurage zone women, Central Ethiopia Method: - A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone from December 1, 2024-January 30, 2025 among 591 participants using multistage sampling method and 6 FGD was done with 50 participants. Following data collection, information was entered into Epi Data software then exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics utilized frequency distributions, while analytical methods included binary logistic regression to examine relationships between various factors and screening behaviors. Result: - Among participants of this study 30.8% (95% CI: 27% - 35%) had positive health care seeking behavior. Government employees showed 78% (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09–0.53; *p* = 0.001) lower and housewives were 55% (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22–0.93; *p* = 0.031) less likely to have health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening compared to farmers. Women who believed treatment was available were 11.4 times more likely to have health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening (AOR = 11.44, 95% CI: 5.32–24.60; *p* < 0.001). Conclusion and recommendation: - based on this study, the health care seeking behavior towards cervical cancer screening is low. It is significantly associated with occupation, perceived severity, the availability of treatment and prevention and perceived barriers. Availing services in nearby facility and optimizing transportation system to service area will increase the performance.Item MAGNITUDE OF INADEQUATE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN SEEKING MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) ADMASSU TESHOMEBackground; Gestational weight gain (GWG) is the increment in the weight of pregnant women from conception to delivery. The recommended total weight gain during pregnancy is 12.5Kg (11.5 to 16 Kg) for women with normal prepregnancy weight. Despite the fact that gestational weight gain is essential for positive pregnancy outcomes, a significant proportion of women gain inadequate weight and limited data about the subject in developing countries including Ethiopia. Objectives; the study aimed to assess the magnitude of inadequate gestational weight gain and its associated factors among pregnant women who seek maternal health care service on public health facilities in Gurage zone central Ethiopia, 2025. Methods; Mixed method design was employed. Five hundred forty pregnant women for quantitative study and 55 for qualitative study were selected using multi stage sampling and phenomenological sampling techniques respectively. Data was collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire, focus discussion groups FDGs and in-depth interview. Then quantitative data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics including frequency, mean and standard deviation were computed. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to assessing the association of factors with outcome variable. The association declared at P analyzed by thematic framework using open code version 4.0.2.3 software. Result: Out of total participants yielding a response rate of 98 %, and 52.8 % (95% CI: 46.2, 57.8) pregnant mothers had Inadequate gestational weight gain. Women from rural residency had higher odds (AOR = 4.53, 95%CI: 2.39, 8.58) of inadequate gestational weight compared to urban residents. The other variables including BMI (AOR=20.6, 95% CI: 4.89,87.2), suboptimal ANC (AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.35, 4.13), inadequate diet diversity (AOR = 8.75, 95% CI: 4.72-16.2) and food insecurity (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI:1.14-3.63) had positive association with gestational weight gain. Conclusion; Nearly half of pregnant women had inadequate gestational weight in Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Enhancing ANC uptake, promoting dietary diversity with major focus on rural community can help to reduce inadequate weight gain.Item HIGH RISK FERTILITY BEHAVIOR AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MOTHERS IN WOLKITE TOWN, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) - ZERIHUN WOLDEGEBRIELBackground: High risk fertility behavior is a serious concern of public health. These risk factors result in premature birth, reduced birth weight, anemia, perinatal death, increase need of caesarean sections and unsafe abortion. Also result in increased chance of maternal and child mortality and hindering economic growth of individual and country. In addition to commons socio-economic-demographic variables, individual beliefs are introduced as new. Objective: To assess High risk fertility behavior and associated factors among mothers in wolkite town, Gurage zone, central Ethiopia 2024. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 300 women in Dec 2024 using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through interviews. One or more of condition listed below was classified as HRFB; giving birth at < 18 or >34 years (old primi), a birth interval of < 24 months or having > 3 children. HRFB was coded as "1" and non-HRFB as ‖0‖. Epi data version 4.6 was used for data entry and analysis was done by SPSS version 25. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariate were moved to multivariate analysis to control confounding factors. P-values and AOR by 2.42 times (AOR= 2.42 CI:1.125-5.24). Also, Belief on having a large family is often seen as symbol of wealth and divine blesse is significantly associated with HRFB (AOR =2.16 CI:1.23-3.79). Conclusion; This study concluded that the prevalence of HRFB was higher. Marital status, autonomy, belief on large number of children and knowledge of contraception were identified as factors, increase health education, behavioral change education communication should be given attention to the reduction of the magnitudes as well as associated factorItem THE ROLE OF MICRO AND SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES ON IMPROVING SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF YOUTH(Wolkite University, 2024-01-30) ZENEBE ALEMUYouth unemployment has been a common problem that faces in many urban areas of Ethiopia. In this regard, Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are the main income generating activities of youth operating enterprises in Ethiopian cities and towns thereby contribute to unemployment reduction and poverty alleviation. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of MSEs on improving socio-economic status of youth in Wolkite Town, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study followed a mixed research approach with simple random sampling techniques. Both primary and secondary data source were used. Tools of data collection primary sources were questionnaires, in-depth interview, observation and secondary data were collected using desk review. Accordingly, the population of the study consisted of 1687 enterprise owner/chair persons of Wolkite Town Administration. W a s u s e d t o s e l e c t 323 enterprise owner/chair persons and 11 key informants were selected using simple random sampling and purposive sampling respectively. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) whereas thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The result indicated that the MSEs have created not only job opportunities for the youths but also improve their social capital by creating friendly environment. However, many of the micro and small enterprises business owners have to deal with several challenges such as lack of skill and know how, lack of working places, lack of access to credit, and lack of continuous follow up and support services. It also recommends it is advisable that the youths’ are expected to develop confidence, their social status while running their own business and become interested and cooperative for whatever type of jobs available to them through organizing in groups and this in turn maintains safety of the society. Hence, the study further recommends that concerned bodies need to intervene in order to address these challenges and ensure sustainability of these businesses as an alternative development strategy.Item ASSESSMENT OF COLOSTRUM FEEDING PRACTICE & ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG LACTATING MOTHERS IN SODO WOREDA, GURAGE ZONE SNNPR REGION, ETHIOPIA 2023.(Wolkite University, 2024-01-30) TESFAYE BIRHANU G/MARIAMBackground: Colostrum is yellow to orange colored milk produced during the first few days ofdelivery and rich in nutrients and antibodies that have great role in health of the newborn baby.Despite the World Health Organization recommends that every newborn baby has to feed breastmilk with colostrum soon after delivery, poor colostrum feeding practice is still a common problem in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to assess colostrum feeding practicesand associated factors among mothers having less than 12 months age in Sodo Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNPR Region, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study designsupplemented by qualitative study was conducted from June 2023 to July 2023 among 352mothers of infants selected by systematic random sampling technique. The data were collecte dusing structured questionnaire, FGD & KII by semi structured guiding questionnaire. Descriptive analysis like frequency, percentage, & mean were performed. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify associated factors. Variables with p-value <0.05with 95% confidence interval identified statistically significant. Data was entered in Epi-dataversion 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24.0 for further analysis. Bivariable and multivari ablebinary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the pertinent variables. Adjustedodds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and P-value <0.05 were considered to indicate asignificant statistical association. Results: Two hundred eighty three, 80.1%, with (95%, CI:0.758, 0.841) of lactating mothers good practiced of colostrum feeding, with among those respondents with good knowledge (88.1%) ((AOR=2.98 times [95% CI: 1.49, 5.94]) more likelyhad good colostrum feeding practice & mothers with good attitude (84.4%) ((AOR=7.16 times[95% CI: 3.834, 13.39]) more likely had good practice of colostrum. Mothers of infantscounseled on timely initiation of colostrum feeding during ANC (AOR =3.01[(95% CI: 1.20-7.53])) & postnatal care within the first 2-3 days (AOR = 8[(95% CI: 2.61-26.07])) were positively associated with good colostrum practice. Mothers living in urban have (AOR= 5[(95%CI: 2.4-10.41])) have better practice of colostrum. Mothers having history of multiparty (AOR=2[(95% CI: 1.18-4.34])) had good colostrum feeding practice. Mothers having frequent history ofANC visit had more likely to practice colostrum feeding (AOR=2.64 [(95% CI: 1.15-6.08])). Institutional delivery (AOR=5[(95% CI: 1.77-14.502]) had significantly associated.Conclusion: My study shows that two hundred eighty three, 80.1% of lactating mothers had good practice of colostrum feeding and which shows about 20% of mothers still did not feedxcolostrum to their newborn. Counseling on timely initiation colostrum feeding during ANC visits, residency, partner educational status, having information about colostrum, having goodknowledge & favorable attitude towards colostrum feeding practice were significantly associated with practice of colostrum feeding. However, lack of counseling on the importance colostrumfeeding to the neonate, home delivery to their neonate, and lack of information about colostrumfeeding were the factors negatively affecting the practices of colostrum feeding. Strengtheningeducation on timely initiation of breastfeeding during antenatal care, Sustaining awarenesscreation strategies and approaches were suggested for the improvement of the nutritional valueof colostrum and its health welfare for new born babiesItem NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH FEEDING AND WITHOUT FEEDING PROGRAM IN SANKURA WEREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA, 2022: COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2022-05) TAJUDIN NESREBackground: Significant numbers of Ethiopian primary school students are affected by undernutrition and prone to poor academic performance. To avert such nutritional problems the government in collaboration with world food program has implemented a school feeding program. However, limited evidences exist regarding the improvement of school feeding program on nutritional status compare to non-school feeding program.Objective: To compare the nutritional status of primary school students from school with feeding program to without Feeding Program, in Sankura woreda, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.Method: A school-based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted among 472students, from May 1 - 30/2022. A multi-stage technique with proportional allocation wasapplied. A Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-Data 4.6 Software and analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutionsversion 25 software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were done. Anthropometric data were analyzed using Anthro-plus software.Result: In this study, 29% (95% CI = 25.4-33.4) and 21.6% (18.2-25.2) of students were thin among non-school feeding program and school feeding program respectively. Moreover, 19.6%(10.8-20.7) and 15.5% (12.8-18.7) of students among non-school feeding and school feedingprogram were stunted respectively. Nonetheless, 6% (3-9.1) and 5.2% (2.5-8.3) of students counted as overweight among school feeding program and non-school feeding programrespectively. Being early adolescent 2.5(1.22-5.1), being male 3.7(2.44–6.06) and students who did not take meals at school 1.6(1.03–2.49) were statistically associated with thinness. Students having a mother with no formal education 2.3(1.2–4.47) and having poor dietary diversity score1.7(1.05–2.89) were statistically associated with stunting. Students having a mother with no formal education 2.5(1.1–5.8) was statistically associated with overweight.Conclusion: Thinness was higher among schools without feeding program than schools with feeding program. But stunting and overweight were not significant difference between both types of schools. Early adolescent and male students and students who did not take meals at school; and students having a mother with no formal education and having poor dietary diversity scoresignificant factors of thinness and stunting respectively. Thus, education on diversified foods and optimal nutritional advice should be encouragedItem PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF CLINICAL VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AMONG PRESCHOOL AGED CHILDREN IN CHEHA DISTRICT, GURAGE ZONE SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2023-05) Mr. Abdu oumer ; Abdilwahid Nuredin (BSc)Background: The clinical manifestation of vitamin A deficiency involves night blindness, bitot spot conjunctiva and corneal xerosis, corneal ulcer and scar. It is the most important causes of preventable childhood blindness, especially in children and pregnant women. Even though, Ethiopia has periodically delivered a high-potency vitamin A supplementation program clinicalvitamin A deficiency is still remains as a major public health problemObjective: To assess the prevalence of clinical vitamin A deficiency and associated factors among preschool children in Cheha district Southern Ethiopia, 2023Method: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 15, 2023 G.C. The desired preschool children of age 36-59 months were selected using systematic random sampling. A structured and pretested questionnaire along with clinical observation for signs of Vitamin A deficiency traced by trained clinicians was used to collect the data. In addition, WHO Anthro plus software was used to calculate Z-scores of the height for age, weight for height and weight for age indices. The data was exported to SPSS version 22 and descriptive statistics was done. A bi-variable logistic analysis was done and variables which have statistical significant association with the outcome variable were selec ted for multivariable analysis. Finally, the result was presented by texts, tables and figures.Result; A total of 411 children were screened for clinical vitamin A deficiency where the overall prevalence in the study area was 2.2%. The odd of clinical VAD was 81% lower among children who were received vitamin A supplementation, AOR =0.19, 95% CI (0.038-0.918). In other hand the Preschool children with mother who had attended ANC visits had 89 % less likely to develop clinical VAD. (AOR=0.11, 95%CI: (0.022-0.529). In addition the study revealed that the odds of developing clinical VAD is 82 % lower among preschool children aged from 36 to 47 months (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: (0.033-0.974).Conclusion and recommendation; the overall prevalence of clinical vitamin A deficiency in this study area was 2.2 %. ANC visit of the mother, vitamin A supplementation status, and age of the child were factors that determine clinical vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A supplementation for the preschool children and ANC visit of the pregnant mother should be strengthenedItem Magnitude of Hypertension and Associated Factors among Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus- infected Patients Receiving Anti retroviral therapy at Gurage zone selected public Hospitals, SNNPR, Ethiopi(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-08) Zebiba Nejib; Ketema Debele; Abdlkerim MohamedBackground: hypertension is one of the major non communicable cardiovascular disease whichHuman immunodeficiency virus infected people are at great risk. Availability of evidence on themagnitude of hypertension is vital to regularly monitor and plan programs and police to advocateinnervation; but there is no/scare scientific study on the study area. Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of hypertension and associated factoramong Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patient receiving Anti-retroviral therapyat Gurage Zone selected public hospital SNNPR Ethiopia June to July 2021G.CMethods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone from June toJuly 2021.data were collected from systematically selected 405 participants using pre-tested, interviewer administered structure questionnaire Data were entered and coded using Epi dataversion 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The assumption of the logistic regression modelwas checked using a correlation matrix and Hosmer and Lemeshow tests. Bivariate andmultivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Result: In the present study, the prevalence of hypertension among human immunodeficiencyvirus-positive adult who received antiretroviral therapy was found to be 13.1 % (95% CI: 9.9- 16.5). Age group greater than 45 years participants were 2.17(AOR= 2.17, 95%CI: 1.10-4.26), were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: In the current study, the magnitude of hypertension was low among HIV positiveadult. Therefore, sustained educating about the use of life style change, counselling the uses ofphysical activity, promoting to have proportional body weight reduction and intervention in thissituation are highly recommende