APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ON DIAGNOSTIC STRATAGES AND VACCINE APPROACH FOR COVID-19

Abstract

Covid-19 is the viral disease caused by a new coronavirus which was first reported on December 31, 2019 in the Wuhan province of china. It belongs to a large family of respiratory viruses called Coronaviridae and affect both human and animal. It is known to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and now globally famous novel coronavirus sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 genome is positive single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) and have length of 30kbp. There are four genera of coronavirus (alpha, beta, gamma and delta). Among these the novel coronavirus severs acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to betacoronavirus. In this review, we have focused on the current standard diagnostic approach such as RT-PCR, Immunological technique, CRISPR/Cas, LAMP technique and CT scan. we are also focused on the application of biotechnology for rapid and cost effective diagnostic tools and possible vaccine approach such as protein subunit, inactivated vaccine, vector vaccine and anti- viral drug (Novavax, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna and Sinopharm), which are currently in use for covid-19 to reduce the spread of the disease. Still the above diagnostic technique has some limitations regarding a lack of strength and lengthy procedures difficult in controlling this outbreak of covid-19. Due to this early detection and isolation of suspected patients can play an essential role in controlling this outbreak.