HEMATOLOGICAL ABNORMALITY AMONG PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL GURAGE, SOUTH WEST, ETHIOPIA

Abstract

Background: - Tuberculosis (TB) is highly prevalent chronic infections disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that can affect almost any tissue and organs of the human body but mainly cause infection of the lungs. Various hematologic abnormalities such as anemia, leukocytosis, monocytosis, lymphopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, leukemoid reactions and pancytopenia can be seen among tuberculosis patients. Hematological abnormality in tuberculosis patients is multi-factorial. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess hematological abnormality among tuberculosis patents in Wolkite University specialized hospital, southwest of Ethiopia. Methods: A health institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 86 PTB positive patients from May to July 2023 at Wolkite University specialized hospital. All patients who have positive for AFB and fulfill inclusion criteria during the study period was included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and related characteristics. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected and hematological parameters were determined by Sysmex analyzer. Additionally, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was measured by using the ESR analyzer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Data is presented as frequency and percentages for numerical and categorical variables respectively using tables and figure. Result: Among 86 study participants, 38(44.2%) of patients had anemic out of this 20(64.52%) patients were female and 23(26.7%) patients develop Leukocytosis out of this 23(56.52%) patients was under the age of 45 year. Thrombocytosis was observed in 32(37.2%) patients while thrombocytopenia was observed in 6(6.97%) patients.Conclusion: from our finding Hematological abnormality like anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were commonly detected in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, it is conclude that patients with MTB should be assessed at diagnosis for various hematological abnormalities and this will help in preventing morbidity and mortality rates. A further large study must be undertaken to substantiate these findings.