TO INVESTIGATE THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF FEMALE MIGRATION TO MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES; THE CASE OF ENOR ENER WOREDA IN MIKE TOWN

Abstract

In developing countries like Ethiopia, labor migration affects the socio-economic development of the people. The primary objective of this study was to understand the motivation, decision making, and overall process of migration from experience of female returnees from the Middle East countries. To achieve these objectives, the study were employed qualitative research methods and the researcher was used both primary and secondary data source of information. Primary source were collected mainly by using in-depth interview and, key informant interview. On the other hand, the researchers gather information from secondary sources by using website source, literature, and books as well as from published and unpublished materials. Some certain respondents were selected from return migrants for in-depth interview and key informants and in this study the researchers was used non probability sampling technique. Particularly purposive (judgmental) and gathered information was analyzed by using description as well as narration. The study shows that, most of migrants are from young aged and most of them migrate by their own and few by family decision. The result of the study also shows that lack of favorable job opportunities, peer pressure, lack of skill to create jobs and population densities with agricultural land scarcity are among push factors of migration in study area. On the other hand, job opportunities, better income and social networks are among pull factors of migration. The finding of the study shows that flow of remittance, creation of job opportunities, better life and poverty reduction are among positive consequences of migrations in study area. Whereas, income inequality among peoples and dependency on remittance are among the negative effects of migration, Regarding their attitude towards migration, most of female have negative attitude towards migration in that they migrate because `of the facts raised above. Whereas some of them have positive attitude towards migration in that they perceive it as totally advantageous. Thus, based on these findings, recommendations are; the government as to consider building vocational training institution and ago industrial firms to create various job opportunities for females and adults