MAGNITUDE OF ADVERSE EARLY NEONATAL OUTCOMES AND IT’S ASSOCIATED FACRORS AFTER EMERGENCY CESAREAN DELIVERY AT WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, CERS, ETHIOPIA, 2026: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality after cesarean delivery varies with the type of cesarean delivery and is greater for neonates delivered by emergency cesarean delivery than elective counterparts. Early neonatal outcomes after cesarean section are influenced by preoperative and intraoperative feto-maternal factors, most of which are preventable. However, evidence from the study area is limited. Objective: amid to assess magnitude of adverse early neonatal outcomes and associated factors after emergency cesarean delivery at Wolkite University comprehensive specialized Hospital, Central Ethiopia. Method: Institution based retrospective study was conducted among 270 emergency cesarean deliveries. Data were collected using a structured checklist and entered to Epi data 4.2 and was exported to STATA version 17 for data analysis. Modified Poisson regression with robust SE was employed to identify factors with the outcome. Significance level was obtained using adjusted relative risk (ARR) with 95% CI and p value < 0.05. Result: Overall, 89 (32.96%: CI; 27.6%-38.81%) of the newborns experienced early neonatal adverse outcomes. Moreover, placental-related hemorrhage (ARR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.15; p = 0.004) and second stage of labor during C/S decision (ARR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.22–1.70; p < 0.001) were associated with early neonatal adverse outcome related to emergency C/S. Conclusion: In the current study, one-third of early neonatal adverse outcomes were associated with emergency cesarean section (CS). Placental-related hemorrhage and cesarean delivery performed during the second stage of labor were significantly associated with early neonatal adverse outcomes following emergency CS. These findings highlight the need for timely identification and management of placental complications and careful decision-making regarding the timing of cesarean delivery to improve neonatal outcomes.