TREATMENT OUTCOME OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND ITS DETERMINANTES AMONG CHILDREN ADMITTED TO WOLKITE UNIVERSITY SPECIALIZED AND TEACHING HOSPITAL, WOLKITE, GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious acute complication of diabetes mellitus that carries a significant risk of mortality with delayed treatment in low resource countries. This study aimed to determine the treatment outcome of DKA and its determinant in children under 15 years in WUSTH who managed with a modified DKA treatment protocol Objective: To assess the treatment outcome of diabetic ketoacidosis and its determinants among children admitted to Wolkite University Specialized and Teaching hospital from, 2019-2024 G.C Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study design with retrospective data collection was conducted among children younger than 15 years of age admitted from, 2019-2024.Data collection was done by using pretested checklist prepared in English. Completeness and consistency were checked for each data. After the necessary data was collected, it was entered, categorized, coded and summarized and then, it was exported to SPSS version 27.0.1 for further analysis. Descriptive statics was done using percentages and frequency for categorical variables. After binary logistic regression a p-value 0.25 was used as a cut of point to entered variables in to multivariate logistic regression. Variables which have P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The strength of statistical association was measured by odds ratio and 95% of confidence intervals. In addition, Fisher exact test was used to evaluate associations degree between categorical determinants and treatment outcome. The result of the study was presented in table, graph and charts and charts Result: Majority of the client’s 82(95.3%) of them recovered and 4(4.7%) died in hospital. Factors that associated with treatment outcome were loss of consciousness(phi=0.35), shock(phi=0.889), renal failure (0.5), cerebellar edema(phi=0.49), sepsis(phi=0.52), serum creatinine level(phi=0.654), amount of regular insulin(phi=0.338), and serum potassium level(phi=0.389). Around 39(45%) percent of patient had prolonged hospital stay (>=7 days) that mainly associated with respiratory tract infection (AOR 4.8(1.08-10.87), clinical severity, mild (AOR 2(1.04-6.85) moderate AOR=3.82(1.23-7.43), severe AOR=4.2(1.84-9.21)) loss of consciousness AOR= 3.9(1.24-8.904), dehydration AOR 4.9(1.34-15.78), high serum creatinine AOR=4.7(1.4-9.4). The mean hospital stay was 6.13±2.98 days. Conclusion: This study tried to assess different factors of DKA management such as Sociodemographic characteristics, sign and symptoms and biochemical parameters, comorbidities and complications of diabetic ketoacidosis and management protocols. Around 45% of patients had prolonged hospital stay. Death of children was relatively higher 4(4.7%).