College of Agriculture & Natural Resources

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    EFFECT OF BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZERANDVERMICOMPOST ON GROWTH, YIELD ANDYIELDCOMPONENTS OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) UNDERRAINFEDCONDITION IN ENORE DISTRICT, CENTRALETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2024-03-01) HLINA TILAHUN TEGODA
    Garlic is economically important, though the productivity is below its potential duetoinappropriate use of soil fertility management practices particularly fertilizer rateandtype had significant role. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the ef ect of Blended NPSB and vermicompost fertilizers on the growth, yield and yield componentsof garlic under rain-fed conditions in Enore district, Central Ethiopia. The experiment consisted of four rates of blended NPSB fertilizer (0, 122, 244, and 366 kg ha -1) andfourrates of vermicompost fertilizer (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 t ha -1). The treatments were laidout ina Randomized Complete Block Design in a 4×4 factorial arrangement withthreereplications. Data were collected on the phenological, growth, and yield parametersof garlic and analyzed using SAS software version 9.4. ANOVA results showed that all thetested parameters of garlic were af ected highly significantly (p < 0.01) by the interactionef ect, except days to maturity and the number of leaves per plant which was highlysignificantly (p < 0.01) af ected by the main ef ects of blended NPSB and vermicompost fertilizers. Thus, the longest days to maturity of 126.7 and 127.6 were recorded at therateof 244 kg ha -1 NPSB and 7.5 t ha -1 vermicompost fertilizer, respectively. Statisticallythelongest plant height (62.6) and leaf length (55.6 cm) of garlic were recorded fromthecombined applications of 366 kg ha -1 and 7.5 t ha -1 . The highest leaf number of garlic12.98 was recorded from 7.5 t ha -1 VC rate, which is statistically similar with 11.2and10.7 were recorded from 366 and 244 kg ha -1NPSB fertilizer rate, respectively. Similarly, the highest average fresh biomass yield (65.2 g/plant), mean bulb weight (36.8g), number of clove (30.5), biological dry yield (47.5 g/plant) and harvest index (60.7%)were recorded from the combined application of 244 kg ha -1 NPSB and 7.5 tha-1VCfertilizer. The highest marketable bulb yield 13 t ha -1 , total bulb yield 13.3 t ha -1 , andthelowest unmarketable yield 0.32 t ha -1 were recorded from the combined applicationof 244 kg ha -1 and 7.5 t ha -1 . The highest net benefit (3,392,556 ETB ha -1) was recordedfrom the combined application of 244 kg ha -1 blended NPSB and 7.5 t ha -1VCfertilizerwith high MRR (1982.86). The study revealed that the integrated use of 7.5 t ha -1VCand244 kg ha -1 blended NPSB fertilizers improved soil fertility status for sustainable garlicproduction and productivity in the study area. However, more studies needtobeconducted at various agro-climatic conditions to generate more reliable results forconclusive recommendations
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    EFFECT OF BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZER RATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) VARIETIES AT ENORE ENER DISTRICT, CENTERA, ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2024-12-04) LIJWORK NIGATU AMERGA
    Maize, a staple cereal crop in Ethiopia, suffers from low productivity in the study area due to poor soil fertility, limited fertilizer use, and low-yielding varieties. To address this, a field experiment was conducted during the 2021/2022 bulge cropping season in Enore Ener district, Central Ethiopia. The study evaluated the effects of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of three maize varieties (BH-540, BH-546, and BH661). The experiment also aimed to identify economically viable NPSB fertilizer application rates. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of the three varieties and four NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha1 ) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on maize phenology, growth, yield, and yield components were collected and analyzed using SAS software (Version 9.3).The results showed a significant interaction between maize varieties and NPSB fertilizer rates for most parameters. The result revealed that, BH-661 with 150 kg ha1 NPSB achieved the tallest in plant height (291.33 cm), maximum leaf area (7229.7 cm2), and highest leaf area index (4.3). Application of 150 kg ha1 NPSB fertilizer with variety BH-546 also produced the most ears per plant (2.3) and most grains per ear (6432.7). Moreover, the application of 150 kg ha1 NPSB fertilizer with variety BH-546 resulted in the highest grain yield (9,366.7 kg ha1 ) and the greatest net benefit (211,865.55 Birr ha1 ) Hence applying 150 kg ha1 NPSB fertilizer with variety BH-546 is optimal for maximizing yield and net benefit in the study area., Nevertheless further research is needed across locations and seasons for robust recommendations to the region.
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    EFFECTS OF INTEGRATED VERMICOMPOST AND NPSB FERTILIZERS, AND CUTTING INTERVALS ON DRY MATTER YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF ALFALFA (Medicago sativa) IN SOUTH SODO WOREDA, EAST GURAGE ZONE, CENTERAL ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2025) HAILU SEIFU
    This study was conducted in South Sodo Woreda, East Gurage Zone, and Central Ethiopia, to evaluate the effects of integrated NPSB fertilizer and vermicompost, and cutting intervals on the growth, biomass yield, and nutritional value of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Two factors factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 16 treatment combinations (T1: Control (0kg/ha NPSB fertilizer+0 ton/ha vermicompost (VC)); T2: 0 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC; T3: 0 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T4: 0 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC; T5: 50 kg/ha NPSB+0 ton/ha VC; T6: 50 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC ; T7: 50 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T8: 50 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC; T9: 100 kg/ha NPSB+0 ton/ha VC; T10: 100 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC; T11: 100 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T12: 100 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC; T13: 150 kg/ha NPSB+0 ton/ha VC; T14:150 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC; T15: 150 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T16: 150 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC) and three CUTTING INTERVALS s (1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut) with three replications. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties before sowing, and agronomic parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf count, leaf-to-stem ratio, and days flowering were recorded. Biomass yield was assessed at 50% flowering, while forage quality was determined by analyzing it for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The results demonstrated that integrated fertilizer management significantly (P<0.05) enhanced both alfalfa yield and quality. The highest CP content (22.89%) and lowest fiber fractions (NDF: 30.35%, ADF: 14.51%) were recorded in the treatment received 100 kg NPSB/ha + 5 t/ha vermicompost (T11), while the control (T1) had the lowest CP (15.71%). The tallest plants (94.46 cm) were observed in T16 (150 kg NPSB + 7.5 t/ha vermicompost). Fresh and dry biomass yields were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T11 which achieved the highest dry matter yield (10,57t/ha representing 39.08% increase over the control. Cutting intervals also influenced yields, with the third cut producing 27% higher biomass than the first. Economic analysis showed T11 yielded the highest net benefit (350,600 ETB/ha) and marginal rate of return (4,510%). Additionally, higher fertilizer rates promoted early flowering in T11 in which 50% of flowering achieved at 60.21 days compared to 74 days in the control. These findings highlight the synergistic effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers in improving alfalfa productivity and nutritive value. Integrating 100 kg NPSB/ha with 5 t/ha vermicompost (T11) proved to be the most effective treatment, supporting its adoption as a sustainable fertilizer management strategy for enhanced forage production.
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    EFFECT OF BLENDED NPSB FERTILIZER RATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) VARIETIES AT ENORE ENER DISTRICT, CENTERA, ETHIOPIA
    (2024-12-04) LIJWORK NIGATU AMERGA
    Maize, a staple cereal crop in Ethiopia, suffers from low productivity in the study area due to poor soil fertility, limited fertilizer use, and low-yielding varieties. To address this, a field experiment was conducted during the 2021/2022 bulge cropping season in Enore Ener district, Central Ethiopia. The study evaluated the effects of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of three maize varieties (BH-540, BH-546, and BH- 661). The experiment also aimed to identify economically viable NPSB fertilizer application rates. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of the three varieties and four NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on maize phenology, growth, yield, and yield components were collected and analyzed using SAS software (Version 9.3).The results showed a significant interaction between maize varieties and NPSB fertilizer rates for most parameters. The result revealed that, BH-661 with 150 kg ha-1 NPSB achieved the tallest in plant height (291.33 cm), maximum leaf area (7229.7 cm2), and highest leaf area index (4.3). Application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer with variety BH-546 also produced the most ears per plant (2.3) and most grains per ear (6432.7). Moreover, the application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer with variety BH-546 resulted in the highest grain yield (9,366.7 kg ha-1) and the greatest net benefit (211,865.55 Birr ha-1) Hence applying 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer with variety BH-546 is optimal for maximizing yield and net benefit in the study area., Nevertheless further research is needed across locations and seasons for robust recommendations to the region
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    Effects Of Integrated Vermicompost And Npsb Fertilizers, And Cutting Intervals On Dry Matter Yield And Nutritional Value Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) In South Sodo Woreda, East Gurage Zone, Centeral Ethiopia
    (WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-08) HAILU SEIFU
    This study was conducted in South Sodo Woreda, East Gurage Zone, and Central Ethiopia, to evaluate the effects of integrated NPSB fertilizer and vermicompost, and cutting intervals on the growth, biomass yield, and nutritional value of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Two factors factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 16 treatment combinations (T1: Control (0kg/ha NPSB fertilizer+0 ton/ha vermicompost (VC)); T2: 0 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC; T3: 0 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T4: 0 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC; T5: 50 kg/ha NPSB+0 ton/ha VC; T6: 50 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC ; T7: 50 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T8: 50 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC; T9: 100 kg/ha NPSB+0 ton/ha VC; T10: 100 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC; T11: 100 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T12: 100 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC; T13: 150 kg/ha NPSB+0 ton/ha VC; T14:150 kg/ha NPSB+2.5 ton/ha VC; T15: 150 kg/ha NPSB+5 ton/ha VC; T16: 150 kg/ha NPSB+7.5 ton/ha VC) and three CUTTING INTERVALS s (1st cut, 2nd cut and 3rd cut) with three replications. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties before sowing, and agronomic parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf count, leaf-to-stem ratio, and days flowering were recorded. Biomass yield was assessed at 50% flowering, while forage quality was determined by analyzing it for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The results demonstrated that integrated fertilizer management significantly (P achieved the highest dry matter yield (10,57t/ha representing 39.08% increase over the control. Cutting intervals also influenced yields, with the third cut producing 27% higher biomass than the first. Economic analysis showed T11 yielded the highest net benefit (350,600 ETB/ha) and marginal rate of return (4,510%). Additionally, higher fertilizer rates promoted early flowering in T11 in which 50% of flowering achieved at 60.21 days compared to 74 days in the control. These findings highlight the synergistic effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers in improving alfalfa productivity and nutritive value. Integrating 100 kg NPSB/ha with 5 t/ha vermicompost (T11) proved to be the most effective treatment, supporting its adoption as a sustainable fertilizer management strategy for enhanced forage production.