College of Agriculture & Natural Resources

URI for this communityhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/123456789/45803

College of Agriculture & Natural Resource

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    CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN PRODUCTION, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS IN EZHA DISTRICT OF GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-02-04) MECHAL TESSEMA NECHIBO
    The main objective of this study was to characterizes indigenous chicken production, reproductive performances and egg quality traits in Ezha district of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Generally, a multistage sampling procedure was applied for the selection of both kebeles and households. From Guraghe Zone, Ezha district was purposively selected based on its potential for indigenous chicken population and accessibility. In the first stage, the district was stratified into two based on agro-ecology i.e highland (3 kebeles) and midland (3 kebeles). In the second stage, representative kebeles were selected from each agroecology purposively based on indigenous chicken production potential and transport accessibility. Then, households that have two or more indigenous chickens & have experiences on chickens’ husbandry practices were identified and listed. In the third stage, a simple random sampling technique was used to select households from each kebele. Lastly, data on both qualitative and quantitative variables were collected from 318 selected households by using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, a total of 120 freshly laid eggs from indigenous village chickens were collected from the selected survey members and transported to Debrezeit Agricultural ResearchCenterfor external and internal eggs quality traits analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. The research finding revealed the main objectives of chicken production in the study area were for both income generation and consumption (50%), while (30.5%) for consumption, and (19.5%) only for immediate income generation. The survey results revealed that about (40.9%) of the respondents constructed separate chicken house, (77.4%) practised of scavenging system with supplementary feeding, (88.4%) provided water for their chicken and (79.5%) of the respondents faced diseases outbreaks. The survey also revealed that the mean number of eggs laid/clutch, numbers of days/clutch/hen, the clutch number/year and annual egg production/hen of local chicken ecotypes were (13.9 eggs, 22.5days, 3.9 clutch number and 53.8 eggs), respectively. The study also revealed that the overall mean age at first mating of male chickens and the age at first egg of female chickens were 5.9 and 6.5 months. This study obtained significantly lower productive and reproductive performancesfrom highland chicken ecotypes. The analysis of the study revealed that egg quality parameters like egg weight, egg length, egg shell weight, egg shape index, albumin weight, albumin width, yolk width and yolk index were significantly different (P<0.05) among the two agro-ecologies. These observed variations might be attributed to various factors such as management differences, quality, and quantity of feed, and production environments in which the animals were maintained. So, the productivity of indigenous village chickens could be enhanced by relatively simple changes in management techniques (feeding, housing, and health care) that promote improvement in productivity and reduction in mortality. Therefore, governmental organizations, NGOs, and other stakeholders should play their role in developing producers' knowledge and capacity.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES OF EXOTIC CHICKENS UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGIES IN EZHA DISTRICT OF GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-02-04) GIZEYATU CHERU W/SENBET
    This study was conducted to assess the management practices, productive and reproductive performances of exotic chickens under different agro-ecologies, from March 2021 to September 2021 in Ezha district of Gurage zone, Ethiopia. A total of 280 (165 from highland and 115 from midland) households were randomly selected households from six peasant associations (PAs) were used in the study to collect primary data using semi-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21and mean differences were compared using Independent-Sample T Test. The result indicated that using extension package exotic chickens keeping as a parameter showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two agro-ecologies of the study area. The results obtained showed that the mean flock size of the study area was 10.5 chickens/household and types of exotic chicks to chicken owners showed that the majority of the respondents (80%) used Sasso breed the rest (20%) used Bovans brown. 90.4% of the respondents used separate house for their chicken from both agro-ecologies. However only 133(54.5%) of the respondent kept the chicken in a house at the time of both day and night. Regarding the feeding activities, majority 235(83.9%) was scavenging in addition to supplementary feed. Whereas, (11.1%) were homemade feed and only (4.3%) used formulated balanced diets feed. 279(99.6%) of chicken owners provide supplementary feed for their chickens and also (99.6%) of the respondents provide water to their chicken. About (68.6%) of the respondents vaccinate their chickens and (35.7%) use modern drugs to treat sick chickens. Newcastle (80.8%) vaccine is the most frequently used vaccine in the area. New castle disease (68.9%) and Fowl thiphoid, Gumboro and Foul pox disease (31.1%) were the major poultry diseases with relatively high prevalence. About (41.1%), (21.1%) and (19.3%) of the respondent reported that weasel, eagle and wild cat as major predators, respectively. (97.5%) of the respondent has market access for products. Most respondents (97.1%) get the extension service from the extension agent and (74.3%) of them get the training about chicken production. The mean egg number/ hen /year were calculated to be (224.37 and 223.44) for the highland and midland respectively. The mean age at first egg was reported to be (5.88 and 5.83) months for highland and midland hens respectively. Exotic village chicken productivity estimating parameters like eggs/hen/year, number of clutch/hen/day, market age of cock and hen, sexual maturity of hen and age at 1st egg were showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Market weight of Sasso cock was reported to be (3.27 and 2.99) Kg and hen (3.0 and 2.88) Kg for the highland and midland respectively. There was no variation (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Thus, improving the overall management system such as improved feeding, recommended housing and health care extension packages could be a better strategy to increase the egg and meat production potential of exotic chickens under village management condition. The outstanding effort has been made to improve farmers raising a small number of exotic chickens to increase their chicken number under semi-intensive production system to play a role to improving chicken production and productivity.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES OF EXOTIC CHICKENS UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGIES IN EZHA DISTRICT OF GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-12-04) GIZEYATU CHERU W/SENBET
    This study was conducted to assess the management practices, productive and reproductive performances of exotic chickens under different agro-ecologies, from March 2021 to September 2021 in Ezha district of Gurage zone, Ethiopia. A total of 280 (165 from highland and 115 from midland) households were randomly selected households from six peasant associations (PAs) were used in the study to collect primary data using semi-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21and mean differences were compared using Independent-Sample T Test. The result indicated that using extension package exotic chickens keeping as a parameter showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two agro-ecologies of the study area. The results obtained showed that the mean flock size of the study area was 10.5 chickens/household and types of exotic chicks to chicken owners showed that the majority of the respondents (80%) used Sasso breed the rest (20%) used Bovans brown. 90.4% of the respondents used separate house for their chicken from both agro-ecologies. However only 133(54.5%) of the respondent kept the chicken in a house at the time of both day and night. Regarding the feeding activities, majority 235(83.9%) was scavenging in addition to supplementary feed. Whereas, (11.1%) were homemade feed and only (4.3%) used formulated balanced diets feed. 279(99.6%) of chicken owners provide supplementary feed for their chickens and also (99.6%) of the respondents provide water to their chicken. About (68.6%) of the respondents vaccinate their chickens and (35.7%) use modern drugs to treat sick chickens. Newcastle (80.8%) vaccine is the most frequently used vaccine in the area. New castle disease (68.9%) and Fowl thiphoid, Gumboro and Foul pox disease (31.1%) were the major poultry diseases with relatively high prevalence. About (41.1%), (21.1%) and (19.3%) of the respondent reported that weasel, eagle and wild cat as major predators, respectively. (97.5%) of the respondent has market access for products. Most respondents (97.1%) get the extension service from the extension agent and (74.3%) of them get the training about chicken production. The mean egg number/ hen /year were calculated to be (224.37 and 223.44) for the highland and midland respectively. The mean age at first egg was reported to be (5.88 and 5.83) months for highland and midland hens respectively. Exotic village chicken productivity estimating parameters like eggs/hen/year, number of clutch/hen/day, market age of cock and hen, sexual maturity of hen and age at 1st egg were showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Market weight of Sasso cock was reported to be (3.27 and 2.99) Kg and hen (3.0 and 2.88) Kg for the highland and midland respectively. There was no variation (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Thus, improving the overall management system such as improved feeding, recommended housing and health care extension packages could be a better strategy to increase the egg and meat production potential of exotic chickens under village management condition. The outstanding effort has been made to improve farmers raising a small number of exotic chickens to increase their chicken number under semi-intensive production system to play a role to improving chicken production and productivity.
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    CHARACTERIZATION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES OF EXOTIC CHICKENS UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGIES IN EZHA DISTRICT OF GURAGE ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2022-07-04) GIZEYATU CHERU W/SENBET
    This study was conducted to assess the management practices, productive and reproductive performances of exotic chickens under different agro-ecologies, from March 2021 to September 2021 in Ezha district of Gurage zone, Ethiopia. A total of 280 (165 from highland and 115 from midland) households were randomly selected households from six peasant associations (PAs) were used in the study to collect primary data using semi-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21and mean differences were compared using Independent-Sample T Test. The result indicated that using extension package exotic chickens keeping as a parameter showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two agro-ecologies of the study area. The results obtained showed that the mean flock size of the study area was 10.5 chickens/household and types of exotic chicks to chicken owners showed that the majority of the respondents (80%) used Sasso breed the rest (20%) used Bovans brown. 90.4% of the respondents used separate house for their chicken from both agro-ecologies. However only 133(54.5%) of the respondent kept the chicken in a house at the time of both day and night. Regarding the feeding activities, majority 235(83.9%) was scavenging in addition to supplementary feed. Whereas, (11.1%) were homemade feed and only (4.3%) used formulated balanced diets feed. 279(99.6%) of chicken owners provide supplementary feed for their chickens and also (99.6%) of the respondents provide water to their chicken. About (68.6%) of the respondents vaccinate their chickens and (35.7%) use modern drugs to treat sick chickens. Newcastle (80.8%) vaccine is the most frequently used vaccine in the area. New castle disease (68.9%) and Fowl thiphoid, Gumboro and Foul pox disease (31.1%) were the major poultry diseases with relatively high prevalence. About (41.1%), (21.1%) and (19.3%) of the respondent reported that weasel, eagle and wild cat as major predators, respectively. (97.5%) of the respondent has market access for products. Most respondents (97.1%) get the extension service from the extension agent and (74.3%) of them get the training about chicken production. The mean egg number/ hen /year were calculated to be (224.37 and 223.44) for the highland and midland respectively. The mean age at first egg was reported to be (5.88 and 5.83) months for highland and midland hens respectively. Exotic village chicken productivity estimating parameters like eggs/hen/year, number of clutch/hen/day, market age of cock and hen, sexual maturity of hen and age at 1st egg were showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Market weight of Sasso cock was reported to be (3.27 and 2.99) Kg and hen (3.0 and 2.88) Kg for the highland and midland respectively. There was no variation (P<0.05) between agro-ecologies. Thus, improving the overall management system such as improved feeding, recommended housing and health care extension packages could be a better strategy to increase the egg and meat production potential of exotic chickens under village management condition. The outstanding effort has been made to improve farmers raising a small number of exotic chickens to increase their chicken number under semi-intensive production system to play a role to improving chicken production and productivity
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    SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY AND CARCASS CHARACTERSTICS OF INDIGENOUS CHICKEN UNDER TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN KAFFA ZONE, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA
    (wolkite university, 2024-04-01) ADDISU GEBREYESUS
    The study was conducted in three purposively selected districts of Kaffa Zone in South Western Ethiopia People’s Regional State with the objective of evaluating production and reproduction performances, egg quality traits and carcass characteristics of local chickens reared under traditional production method. Total of two hundred fifty-five (255) households were selected purposively from nine kebeles of different agro-ecology in the districts by the agriculture and natural resource office, development agents and kebele committees based on potentails for indigenous chicken’s populations, production experiences, accessibility and representativeness of the area. Three kebeles from each district of the each agro-ecology types were selected based on altitude levels, presences of indigenous chickens’ and the experience of chicken production selected by district agriculture and natural resource office experts, kebele Development agents and by kebele representatives’. And the proportion of HH number was determined by the number of populations with in the specific sampling area and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Total of two hundred seventy (270) fresh eggs were collected from each kebeles of every agroecology types. Total of eighteen (18) representative indigenous chickens (9 male and 9 female) and three (3) male and three (3) female chickens per district were used for carcass yield evaluation. The results shown flock size per household was 10.72 with 1:2.3 cocks to hen ratio. The mean age of cockerel at first mating and pullet at first egg laying in the study area (Chena, Bita and Cheta) and agro-ecology (high-land, mid-land and low-land) were (5.63 and 6.35) and (5.51 and 5.92) months, respectively. The average number of eggs per clutch and the annual egg production per year in the study area and agro-ecologies (high-land, mid-land and low-land) were (13.83 and 47.6,) and (13.9 and 45.83), respectively. The mean number of eggs incubated, hatchability and survivability in the study districts (Chena, Bita and Cheta) were (11.62, 80.3% and 64.8%) and agro-ecologies (high-land, mid-land and low-land) were (11.61, 9.4 and 80.82%), respectively. The study outcomes of the areas shown variations in production and reproduction performances, egg quality traits and carcass characteristics among the studied xv districts and agro-ecologies. Indigenous chickens generally can best fit with low management inputs under scavenging production systems in terms of their productive and reproductive performances. Therefore, additional studies should be conducted to assess more about the effects of different agro-ecologies and districts on indigenous chickens under scavenging production system which were not covered in this study.