Department of Civics and Ethical Studies
URI for this collectionhttps://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/123456789/45785
Department of Civics and Ethical Studies
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Item THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IMPACTS OF MARGINALIZATION ON OCCUPATIONALLY ‘OUTCASTED’ GROUPS: THE CASE OF ‘FUGA’ PEOPLE IN ENORE WOREDA OF GURAGE(wolkite University, 2024-09) WOLDE TEKLU NORIYEThe main objective of this study was to assess the socio-economic and political impacts of marginalization on occupationally outcast groups in the case of Enore Woreda, Gurage Zone. Accordingly, the study employed a descriptive survey design. The study applied a qualitative research approach to discourse on the research question, collect, and analyze the data appropriately. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data collection tools were a semi-structured interview and focus group discussions, but document analyzation was a source of secondary data instrument. The researcher was used thematic data analysis technique way of analyzing data via subjects and emerging themes. The study used non probability sampling, specifically the purposive sampling technique for leaders and government officers; and a simple random sampling technique to identify focus groups who are Fuga peoples for focus group discussion. Main data source for the study were semi-structured interview and focus group discussion, which were select the sample through purposive sampling and simple random sampling technique. Thus, 33 respondents, who were 19 from Fuga and 14 from the Wolleba people group in Woreda. This qualitative data was analyzed by using narration and theme building. This thesis study result disclosed the Fuga people in the studied kebeles were socio-economically and politically marginalized and suffered from the effects of their marginalization. The conclusion also exposed that the socio-economic and political outcaste group marginalization of Fuga was caused by their descent, low income-generating occupational status, taboo food breaches, and hygienic problems. In other way, this study depicted that effects of marginalization on Amarican group were socio-cultural effects such as community disagreement, prohibition of intermarriage, denial of membership in community institutions and denial of burial processes; economic consequences which included limitation of products and engagement in less valued works, limitation of access to participate in huge economic activities, absence of favorable working place, and restriction of exchange in the market; and political effects also lack of opportunity to take part in decision making processes and absence of their own representation in political affairs of the community and Woreda level. In other side, at the same time, the study found possible strategies to abolish marginalization of Fuga people were providing opportunity in all aspects, creating awareness for both sides, empowering them, and ensuring their right. In general, the study indicated the recommendation to NGOs, government agencies, religious organizations, and local government in order to alleviate the socio-economic and political marginalization of that occupationally outcaste group in Woreda and retain healthy relationships between both social group communities.Item THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ON JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE: THE CASE OF WOLKITE TOWN(wolkite University, 2023-08) TARIKU DAGYEThis thesis examines the legal and institutional framework regarding the impact of political interference on judicial independence in the Gurage zone, with a specific focus on Wolkite town. The study aims to identify and analyze standards for assessing the influence of the executive on judicial decision making, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Wolkite town was chosen due to a high demand for judicial independence caused by political interference in the city. In order to achieve objective of the study the researcher used purposive sampling technique and collected information both from primary and secondary sources. Different data collection methods have been employed. Primary data gathered through questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion and observation closed documents whereas secondary data gathered from books, journals, articles, reports, theses/dissertations, and others. The data generated have been analyzed using tables with percentages and explanations for each figure (descriptive statics) of the data. Therefore, evaluating the impact of political interference on judicial independence is crucial for ensuring justice and upholding the Ethiopian constitution and international conventions. The separation of powers between the three branches of government, namely the judiciary, legislature, and executive, is crucial for a balanced and cooperative governance system. As this research focuses on the judiciary's independence, it must be free from any internal or external influences or interference to ensure transparency, accountability, and the provision of public services. Thus, it is essential to maintain a mindset that prioritizes the public's interests and well-being. The inquiry reveals that the institutional quality of Wolkite town's FIC falls far below the standards of judicial independence, mainly due to a lack of transparency, accountability, and independence. The judges are struggling to maintain their independence and overcome the influence of leaders and powerful individuals. This Thesis argues that the absence of guidelines on transparency, accountability, and independence is a significant factor in the lack of proper service delivery. Unfortunately, the role of mass media, public representatives, civil organizations, and others in overseeing the performance of judicial institutions in serving the public is insignificant. This Thesis recommends that the problems of lack of independence, unfair justice, mismatch of judges and cases, partiality, corruption, lack of the rule of law, lack of transparency, and accountability must be addressed to ensure good governance, fair justice, and public satisfaction with the government and laws in Wolkite town.Item EFFECT OF EXTERNAL INTERVENTION ON THE CONFLICT BETWEEN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA AND TPLF IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA(wolkite University, 2024-09) ABINEW ALI YIMERThe main aim of this study was to explore the effects of external intervention on the course of the northern Ethiopia conflict. After the war started on November 4, 2020, various external actors participated directly or indirectly through diplomatic and military way. The finding of the research showed that the motives or interest of the intervened actors in the Ethiopia conflict was to safeguard their and their allies’ national interest on the HOA and Ethiopia. In order to achieve this interest, some of them supported TPLF and others supported the federal government of Ethiopia directly as well as indirectly. They used the strategies providing modern military equipments such as drone, and satellite communication materials. Also, they used humanitarian organization and aid workers, and international media Journalists as a tool to reach their biased warring parties. Generally, both the military and diplomatic role and the interest of these actors lead to prolong the duration and the intensity (level) of the northern Ethiopian conflict to end as well as it changed military outcome and the type of warfare from convectional to guerilla, and vise verse. The intervened actors in peace process and to end ceasefire were not aligning with the assumed outcome. Therefore, it is better to solving internal conflict through internal conflict resolving mechanisms. The study employed a qualitative approach. Therefore, an exploratory designed is used. Semi structure interview and document reviewed are used to collect data for primary and secondary source respectively. Cross-case, key event, and chronological order analysis strategy are used to analyze the collected dataItem College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Governance and Development Studies(wku, 2025-04-01) Wendmagegn TarikuThis study examines smallholder farmers’ perceptions of agricultural extension services in Abeshga Woreda, Ethiopia, focusing on efficacy, challenges, and demographic barriers. The research assesses how extension services influence farmers' engagement with agricultural innovations and identifies systemic gaps in service delivery. Employing a convergent parallel design methods, data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to randomly selected farmers across four kebeles (Gareba, Tachgnaw Gareba, Bido, and Fita Jeju), supplemented by qualitative insights. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to evaluate correlations between perceptions and crop productivity outcomes. Findings indicate that a significant proportion of farmers rated extension services as moderately satisfactory, with many acknowledging strengths such as timely information dissemination and technical support. However, a notable segment expressed dissatisfaction due to delays, resource shortages, and limited customization of services to their specific needs. Gender disparities were evident, with male farmers dominating participation, reflecting women’s restricted access to resources and decision-making roles. An aging farming population and youth migration further threaten agricultural sustainability in the region. Educational barriers, including low literacy rates and limited formal schooling, hinder the adoption of modern practices, affecting pest control, crop management, and market strategies. To enhance the impact of extension services, the study recommends participatory extension models that involve farmers in co-designing solutions, gender-responsive programs to empower women through improved resource access, intergenerational knowledge transfer to bridge gaps between elders and youth, and literacy-adapted training using visual and verbal tools. Addressing these challenges could improve service effectiveness, boost agricultural productivity, and strengthen food security in Abeshga Woreda.Item SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ASSESSING FARMERS’ PERCEPTION ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE CASE OF ABESHGE WEREDA, ETHIOPIA(wku, 2025-04-01) WENDMAGEGN TARIKUThis study examines smallholder farmers’ perceptions of agricultural extension services in Abeshga Woreda, Ethiopia, focusing on efficacy, challenges, and demographic barriers. The research assesses how extension services influence farmers' engagement with agricultural innovations and identifies systemic gaps in service delivery. Employing a convergent parallel design methods, data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to randomly selected farmers across four kebeles (Gareba, Tachgnaw Gareba, Bido, and Fita Jeju), supplemented by qualitative insights. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to evaluate correlations between perceptions and crop productivity outcomes. Findings indicate that a significant proportion of farmers rated extension services as moderately satisfactory, with many acknowledging strengths such as timely information dissemination and technical support. However, a notable segment expressed dissatisfaction due to delays, resource shortages, and limited customization of services to their specific needs. Gender disparities were evident, with male farmers dominating participation, reflecting women’s restricted access to resources and decision-making roles. An aging farming population and youth migration further threaten agricultural sustainability in the region. Educational barriers, including low literacy rates and limited formal schooling, hinder the adoption of modern practices, affecting pest control, crop management, and market strategies. To enhance the impact of extension services, the study recommends participatory extension models that involve farmers in co-designing solutions, gender-responsive programs to empower women through improved resource access, intergenerational knowledge transfer to bridge gaps between elders and youth, and literacy-adapted training using visual and verbal tools. Addressing these challenges could improve service effectiveness, boost agricultural productivity, and strengthen food security in Abeshga Woreda.Item SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ASSESSING FARMERS’ PERCEPTION ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE CASE OF ABESHGE WEREDA, ETHIOPIA(wku, 2025-04-04) WENDMAGEGN TARIKUThis study examines smallholder farmers’ perceptions of agricultural extension services in Abeshga Woreda, Ethiopia, focusing on efficacy, challenges, and demographic barriers. The research assesses how extension services influence farmers' engagement with agricultural innovations and identifies systemic gaps in service delivery. Employing a convergent parallel design methods, data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to randomly selected farmers across four kebeles (Gareba, Tachgnaw Gareba, Bido, and Fita Jeju), supplemented by qualitative insights. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to evaluate correlations between perceptions and crop productivity outcomes. Findings indicate that a significant proportion of farmers rated extension services as moderately satisfactory, with many acknowledging strengths such as timely information dissemination and technical support. However, a notable segment expressed dissatisfaction due to delays, resource shortages, and limited customization of services to their specific needs. Gender disparities were evident, with male farmers dominating participation, reflecting women’s restricted access to resources and decision-making roles. An aging farming population and youth migration further threaten agricultural sustainability in the region. Educational barriers, including low literacy rates and limited formal schooling, hinder the adoption of modern practices, affecting pest control, crop management, and market strategies. To enhance the impact of extension services, the study recommends participatory extension models that involve farmers in co-designing solutions, gender-responsive programs to empower women through improved resource access, intergenerational knowledge transfer to bridge gaps between elders and youth, and literacy-adapted training using visual and verbal tools. Addressing these challenges could improve service effectiveness, boost agricultural productivity, and strengthen food security in Abeshga Woreda.Item ASSESSING CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION : IN THE CASE OF ENORENEREMEGER WOREDA IN GURAGE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGIONAL STATE(wku, 2025-04-03) MAHMUD EWNETUIn developing countries like Ethiopia, rural to urban migration affects the social and economic conditions of both urban and rural areas. The purpose of this research study is to assess the causes and consequences of rural to urban migration in Enorenermegr woreda in Gurage zone. To achieve the objectives of this study have used different methodological approaches,like descriptive research design and mixed research approaches. That implemented qualitative and quantitative research approaches.In the research study area 384 targeted population is samples taken from most migration exposed rural kebeles. That data collected from primary and secondary data sources. The interpreted data shown that the greater number of younger age groups were migrating in study area. Which the compiled data also demonstrated that many of the local residents people exposed urban migration, most of them are younger adults and unmarried single individuals persons.In Addition to that, many primary and secondary school students dropping out in their education earlier age's exposed to migration.As results with continues flows of migration happened formerly vibrant villages are badly changed inactive villages and many beautiful houses are highly shutting down. There are many causes to migrating people to most urban destination areas. The researcher investigated that most of the pushing and pulling factors are most likely related to seek different job opportunities, to generate incomes and gain preferred better lifestyles rather than hate those who have burdens of hardship rural works. And also related pushing factors in rural areas are mostly less agricultural productivity, and shortage of different infrastructures were the major problems. Many of the migrants in the study area initially migrated for a period and adjustment for temporary life, then adapted for permanently settled life in the destination cities or towns. The researcher across the study investigated some mitigating useful points recommendations are, effective rural policy developments actions that regional and urban management policy will be reviewed. Suggested to minimize this sudden migration it needs a big push actions. The fact that poverty reduction during rural to urban transformation and rural development program is still more important than urbanization.Item AN EVALUATION OF THE WRITING TASKS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION; INTHE CASE OF GRADE 12 ENGLISH TEXT BOOK(2024-07-06) DEJENE DEGAGAThe purpose of this study was to evaluate grade 12 the old English textbook writing tasks and their implementations. A descriptive research design was used. The writing tasks of the study included a Grade 12 the old English textbook, 50 grade twelve students, and three English teachers. The simple random sampling technique and the comprehensive sampling technique were used to select the participant students and teachers, respectively. As data collection tools, document analysis, questionnaires, and observations were used. Then, the book was evaluated using the checklist, and the data obtained from participant teachers and students were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data from the document analysis were analyzed qualitatively while data from the questionnaire and observation were analyzed quantitatively. All the activities presented in the writing tasks were designed in accordance with the data collected from questionnaire and observation. The variety of writing activities was not enough. The activities include a limited variety of active learning methods. Moreover, most of the activities did not include the three stages of language learning; pre-task, whiletask, and post-task. The teachers did not appropriately implement the tasks. The roles of learners and teachers in the writing tasks of the book were appropriate. However, these roles were not clearly stated in the book. The number of individual work activities was relatively high compared to the whole class and group activities. More number of pair and group work activities exceeding individual activities should be include in the writing tasks.Item A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ART IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT(2023-07-01) AWLACHEW SEBSEBEStrategic planning is a method for setting future direction by gathering and utilizing specific information and the processes translate into specific and measurable goals, aims, objectives and action plans. This study is aimed to assess determinants of strategic plan development and implementation success in the case Wolkite town municipality. An institution based study was conducted with stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected from randomly selected officials by using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The collected data was checked, cleared, entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS software version 20 for analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data analyses methods were carried out to identify level of implementation status in Wolkite town municipality. The study indicated that 51.7% of respondent said that the strategic plan meet standard of strategic plan. And 84.8% of participants showed that municipality office didn’t allocate necessary supplies for strategic plan development. And also implementation status was assessed by five pillars of strategic plan implementation; the result of study leadership quality accounted only 55.6%, resource availability 71.5%, effective stakeholder involvement 55.6%, organizational structure 31.8% and organizational culture 60.9% strategic implementation of the main pillars are poor. The overall aggregated average implementation status of Wolkite town municipality was poor. Municipality’s leader should be equipped with both professional and leadership competencies. Effective & timely communication system should be adapted.Item TheCaseofHidaseYewogerawoGeneralSecondarySchoolinMihurnaAklil WoredaofGurageZone;CenteralRegionalSt ateofEthiopi(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2024-08) ErmiasDeaBramoLack of adequate information on the use of Rhizobium strain and nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur boron (NPSB) fertilizer rates are the major yield limiting factors for producing mung bean in the study area. Therefore, the study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the nodulation, growth and yield responses of two varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) at differ ent rates of NPSB fertilizer and Rhizobium inoculates. A field experiment was carried out during the main cropping season of 2021/22 at Misirak Meskan District in Farmers Training Center (FTC). The treatments combinations were two levels of Rhizobium inoculation (with and with out), two mung bean varieties N-26 (Rassa) and NVL-1(Nassa) and four levels of NPSB fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a 2×2×4 factorial combination in randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were collected from the experimental field at (0-30cm depth) before planting and after harvest to determine selected soil physicochemical properties. Data on growth, nodulation, yield and yield components were rec orded and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results on soil physicochemical proper ties analyzed before planting and after harvest showed significant differences due to the com bined effects of NPSB fertilizers and Rhizobium inoculation. Crop phenology (days to 50% flow ering and days to physiological maturity), growth (plant height, number of primary and second ary branches, shoot fresh and dry weight, root dry weight), and nodulation (number of nodules, nodule fresh and dry) weight of mung bean varieties were significantly affected by NPSB fertiliz er rates and Rhizobium inoculation. Moreover, the interaction effects of NPSB fertilizer rates, Rhizobium inoculation and mung bean varieties showed significant effects on number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, a hundred seed weight, harvest index, grain yield and above ground biomass. The highest mean value of grain yield(2105.77 kg ha-1) was obtained from a combined effect of 150 kg NPSB ha-1 and Rhizobium inoculation from variety N-26 which result ed in 61.28% followed by (2078.90 kg ha-1) which was increased by 62.07% at the rate of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 increase over the control (1290.37 kg ha-1). Furthermore, the number of seeds per plant, a hundred seeds weight, above ground dry biomass and HI of mung bean were recorded the highest mean values (607.33), (7.50 g), (4241.67 kg ha-1) and 0.483, respectively at the rate of 150 kg NPSB ha-1 fertilizer with a Rhizobium inoculation. The partial budget analysis re vealed that the maximum (ETB 108600.6 ha-1) net benefit was obtained from combined application of rhizobium inoculation and 100 kg NPSB ha-1from variety N-26 with MRR of 10130% And minimum (ETB 68572.8 ha-1) net benefit was obtained from the control. A net benefit ad vantage of 63.14% (ETB 68572.8 ha-1) when compared with the maximum and minimum net benefit. Hence, Rhizobium inoculation with application of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 could be tentatively recommended for mung bean production in Misirak Meskan area. However, the experiment should be repeated over years and locations to provide valid recommendations appropriate for the study site.