College of Natural and Computational Sciences

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A CASE STUDY AT BURKA SEBETA 10 TH GRADE AND BURKA, SEBETA 12TH GRADE SECONDARY SCHOOL AT SEBETA SUBCITY SHEGER CITY OROMIA ETHIOPIA.
(Wolkite University, 2024-05-01) BACHA DEBELE CHALA
Chemical bonding is a topic that students commonly find abstract and problematic and for which they develop a wide range of misconceptions . Thus, chemical bonding is considered as difficult topic and students had misconception about bond polarity, intermolecular force, intramolecular force, the octet rule, conductivity, Solubility shapes and lattice energy. The purpose of this study was to identify the major misconceptions of grade 12 and 10 students’ on the chemical bonding and to identify the sources of these misconceptions. The nature of the study is a descriptive method. Participants of the study were 67 grade 12 students and 75 grade 10 students. The FTMCT was developed after their prior conceptions about the selected topics of the study were collected from students through review of related literature, observation of lessons on chemical bonding, common mistakes of focus class students during different assessment techniques (answering class tests) and individual interview questions with volunteer students. Data was collected by using FTMCT and Interview questions were employed to gather the relevant data. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science program (SPSS). The results from SPSS (bivariate and reliability analysis) showed that average value of reliability coefficient and correlation between 1 st tier and 2nd tiers, 3 rd tiers and 4 th tiers, 2nd tier and 4 th tier were .99, .75, .68, .67 of grade 12 students and .96, .73, .79, .74, of grade10 student respectively. The significances also shown that chemistry daily experiences, text books, language difficulty and chemistry instructional methods were the major source of students’ misconception about chemical bonding. The result showed that the majority of the students had high level of misconceptions about chemical bonding. In this study the common misconceptions were identified on chemical boding which was categorized into: bond polarity, solubility, intermolecular force, intramolecular force, the octet rule, shapes, conductivity and lattice energy.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR SOLVING SYSTEM OF FIRST ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(Wolkite University, 2024-08-01) Gosa Ashine
In this paper, three numerical methods are discussed to find the approximate solutions of a system of first order ordinary differential equations. Those are Classical Runge-Kutta method and Euler’s method. For each method formulas are developed for n systems of ordinary differential equations. The formulas explained by these methods are demonstrated by examples to identify the most accurate numerical methods. By comparing the analytical solution of the dependent variables with the approximate solution, absolute errors are calculated. The resulting value indicates that classical fourth order Runge-Kutta method offers most closet values with the computed analytical values. Finally, from the results the classical fourth order is more efficient method to find the approximate solutions of the systems of ordinary differential equations
An Ethnozoological Study of Traditional Medicinal Animals used to treat Human and Livestock Ailments in Ginnir District East Bale Zone Oromia National Regional State Ethiopia
(Wolkite University, 2024-08-01) Beka Lema
In Ethiopia, many ethnic communities use traditional medicine for primary health care. Indigenous medicinal practice is being neglected and continues to be lost due to poor documentation as they are transferred from generation to generation through oral tradition. Thus, this study aimed to carry out animal-based traditional medicinal uses in the Ginnir district, Eastern Bale Zone, south East Ethiopia. A purposive sampling method was carried out from December 2023 to March, 2024. The data were collected through semi-structured questionnaire and interview from 112 selected respondents. Descriptive statistics was employed for the analysis of data. A total of 33 medicinal animals species were reported to be used to treat 34 ailments. Out of these 57.58% were mammals followed by 15.15% of reptiles and birds. Of 33 medicinal animals five of them were used to treat both human and animals ailments. The most frequently used animals parts were external body parts (42.86%) followed by products (19.05% and) excreta were the least. The most commonly used applications of medicinal animal were tying (37.5%) followed by eating (20%) and drinking (7.5%). The skin of a hyena used to treat evil eyes and bad spirit has the highest fidelity level 100%, whereas lesser kudu has the lowest fidelity level (22.2%) used to treat evil spirit and chill. The ICF values were varied from 0.7 up to 1. Animal-derived medicines are an alternative source of medicine to treat various ailments both in rural and urban the study area. Different illegal practices like hunting today are a big pressure on many animal species, a cause of habitat degradation, increase the vulnerability of wild animals, and affect the knowledge of practitioners on traditional medicinal animals. Further research should be done to test the products scientifically for product development and design effective conservation and management strategies.
AN INVESTIGATION OF ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES USED BY MATHEMATICS TEACHERS
(Wolkite University, 2024-01-01) TADEWOS MASA
This study was conducted to investigate the assessment techniques used by mathematics teachers, grade 10 in focus. Specifically, to gain an understanding of extent to which teachers use different assessment methods and teaching processes. The investigation adopted descriptive survey which intended to produce statistical information about an issue under the study. The data were obtained from students and mathematics teachers of Wachiga esho, Ges uba and Mure secondary schools. For questionnaire survey, 122 students were selected by u sing simple random sampling method and 8 mathematics teachers were purposively chosen as representative samples. The study used a questionnaire and interview as main sources of data collection from both the students and mathematics teachers. The data were analyzed by using the methods of descriptive statistics and Linkert type. The study revealed that though teachers have understanding about the importance of classroom assessment, they are influenced by a number of challenges. As it was observed that lack of teachers' commitment, the lack of knowledge about to effectively use assessment techniques, the lack of timely training regarding assessment techniques, students' misbehavior and absenteeism,inadequay of school resources, large number of students per classroom, and a time limit for provision of feedback. Conclusion of this study was different types of classroom assessment techniques are used to enhance students' progress. Such techniques home-take assessments, written teacher-made tests, review exercises and group assignments that can be made in a term and yearly basis. Therefore, it is recommended that, teachers require professional training in relation to how they can use various assessment methods, tools and techniques in order to plan and design future lesson.
AN INVESTIGATION OF WOODY SPECIES CONTRIBUTION FOR AGROFORESTERY AND COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN MISRAK MESKAN DISTRICT OF MISRAK GURAGE ZONE CENTRAL ETHIOPIA REGIONAL STATE ETHIOPIA
(Wolkite University, 2024-12-01) MOHAMMED KEDIR
Woody species conservation is an issue of scientific, economic and ecological concern at global level.Woody species play many functions and make a real contribution to farmland protection, making them essential parts of an agroforestry system.Farmland plays significant role in the woody species conservation. The study was conducted to An Investigation of Woody Species Contribution For Agroforestery And Community Management Practice In Misrak Meskan District Of Misrak Gurage Zone Central Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia.Using systematic sampling techniques were representative kebele were selected from district . Four kebele and a total of 400 households were included in the study. Data on woody species were collected using a line transect across 60 plots, each measuring 40m × 40 m, spaced at 100 m intervals on farmland. For all woody species ≥5 cm, the diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured. Key materics such as important value index, density, dominance, and frequency were computed and analyzed. A total of 20 families and 33 woody species were identified and documented.The average basal area of woody species on farmland in study area was 0.55 m2. Farmers preferred woody species that provided for fuel wood, timber, shade and construction materias, with Fiaderbia albida the most favored, followed by Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia abyssinica. The common management practices include coppicing and Lopping. Socioeconomic aspects like the size of the farm, educational background, and wealth status influenced the management of woody species on farmland.With 6 species, the Fabaceae family was the most represented. Fiaderbia albida., Eucalyptus camadulensis., Acacia abyssinica., Balanites aegyptiaca., and Cordia Africana. were the most common species, occurring in 85%, 80%, 76%, 68.33%, and 65% of the farms that were sampled.Overall, the study demonstrated that an agroforestry system is essential to the preservation of woody species.While farmers employ traditional management practice for wood species on their farmland,these practices required better support and extention service to address existing challenges.
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN HORA HARSADE WATER, BISHOFTU, EAST SHOA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA.
(Wolkite University, 2024-01-01) Naol Assefa
Hora is a type of ground natural mineral water which are used as a source of mineral supplement for livestock. It has the medicinal value to protect the animals from different diseases and useful for their health growth. The aim of this study was to assess Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metal Contamination in Hora Harsade Water, Bishoftu, East Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The Hora water samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentration using a DR/2400 UV-vis spectrophotometer, flame photometry and ICP OES by following standard methods and laboratory procedures. The experimental procedures were set according to the international drinking water standards set by American Public Health Association (APHA). The study was carried in Winter, Spring and Summer, 2024. A total of 15 physicochemical properties and 5 heavy metal concentrations were analyzed in order to understand the characteristic and quality status of the Hora natural mineral water with temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), Total solids (TS), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total hardness (TH), Dissolved solids (DO), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Chloride ion (Cl-); and heavy metals like: Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cr. The results were evaluated with national (NDWQS, 2013) and international (WHO, 2018) drinking water standard values for human and livestock. The recorded mean concentration of temperature 19.37±0.15 0C higher than 15 0C WHO, TSS (91.33±1.15 mg/L) which is above WHO (30 mg/L), Na (318.39±11.35 mg/L) is above 200 mg/L (NDWQS and WHO), and Mn (0.56±0.05 mg/L) which is above permissible limits of NDWQS (0.5 mg/L) and WHO (0.1 mg/L). All the rest listed above properties of water were observed within the recommended permissible limits of CES and WHO standards that agreed with domestic water quality level. Based on the current study result the Hora Harsadee spring water is suitable for domestic purposes after moderate treatment of temperature, TSS, Na & Mn. For more detail quality monitoring, other physicochemical, toxic metals and microbial analysis have to be done in order to have a broader picture of those spring water quantity.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF LAKE AREKIT USING BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES AS A BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY INDICATOR GURAGE ZONE ETHIOPIA
(Wolkite University, 2024-09-01) ABDISA DEGAFU
The ultimate objective of this study was to determine the ecological condition of Lake Arekit using benthic macroinvertebrate communities and some selected physicochemical parameters. Both environmental and macroinvertebrate data were collected from three sampling sites between April and May 2023. Sampling sites were selected based on the degree of anthropogenic disturbance as high impaired (shore area/SS-site 1); moderately impaired (open area/OS-site-2); and less impaired (macrophyte area/vegetation area/MS- site-3). Water temperature, DO, pH, and conductivity, were measured using a portable mulitimeter probe. Turbidity and TDS were measured using measuring turbidometer. Inorganic nutrients were measured using APHA 1995 standardized method. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from the littoral region (sampling depth: 0-0.5 m) using standardized kick sampling with a hand D-frame net (28 cm x 30 cm in diameter) with a horizontal transect up to 10 meter from the shore towards the lake when the lake depth less than 0.5 m and diagonal transect when the lake depth greater than 0.5 m to maintain the consistency of sampling effort, a sample was obtained within 10 minutes at each site with three replicas. The results showed that the lake temperature and DO were ranged from 20.20C (at OS) to 20.80C (at SS) and 2.59 mg/L (at OS) to 5.68 mg/L (at SS), respectively. The lake was alkaline with a pH ranged from 7.07 to 8.82. The maximum and the minimum pH of the study lake were recorded at SS. The water turbidity of the lake was varied from minimum values of 3.95 NTU (at MS) to a maximum value of 43.23 NTU (SS). Major inorganic nutrients of the Lake Arekit did not showed a significant spatial effect (p>0.05). Nitrate and total phosphate (TP), correspondingly, were ranged between 2.71 mg/L and 108.18mg/L and 12.8 and 151.8 mg/L. In this study lake, a total of 620 benthic macroinvertebrate specimens comparing of six taxa were collected from all the three study sites. Notonectidae (39.19%) were comprised the highest taxa followed by Coenagrionidae (25.45%) and Chironomidae (20.64%). The occurrence of Hirunidae (5.8%), Gerridae (1.61%), and Begidae (0.64) were found low, all comprised less than 10% of the total taxa. All most all the benthic taxa found in the study lake were pollution tolerant, indicating that the lake water condition was highly impacted. The results of the physicochemical parameters and benthic invertebrates strongly suggested that the lake water of the study lake was polluted. This study proposes that management of anthropogenic activities, nonpoint sources of pollution, loss of natural riparian habitat, and occasional untreated point inflow are necessary.
BEST PROXIMITY POINT RESULTS FOR SUZUKI TYPE GENERALIZED(Ψ − Φ)-WEAK PROXIMAL CONTRACTION MAPPINGS IN METRIC SPACE
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2021-08) AWOL MOHAMMED,
In this project, I introduce a new Suzuki type generalized (ψ − φ)-weak proximal con traction mappings in metric space and prove the existence of the best proximity point for such mappings in a complete metric space. I provide examples to illustrate the result.My result extends some of the results in the literature.
BEST PROXIMITY POINT THEOREMS FOR GENERALIZED WEAKLY CONTRATIVE MAPPING IN METRIC SPACES
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2020-12) AWOL MOHAMMED
The purpose of this study is to introduce the notion of generalized proximal weakly contractive mappings in metric spaces and to prove existence and uniqueness of best proximity point for generalized proximal weakly contractive mappings in complete metric spaces. I given example to analyze and support my results.
BEST PROXIMITY THEOREM FOR GENERALIZED (θ, γ)-PROXIMAL CONTRACTION MAPPING IN RECTANGULAR QUASI B- METRIC SPACE
(Wolkite University, 2025-01-10) KASAHUN BEYENE BEJIGA
This paper explores best proximity point theorems whit in the framework of broad (θ,γ) proximal reduction “mappings in rectangular quasi b-metric spaces”. “We introduce the class of rectangular quasi b- metric” space as a broadening of rectangular metric space, “rectangular quasi” b-metric space, “rectangular b-metric” space,define broad (θ,γ)proximal reduction mappings. Establish situation under which a optimal proximity point exists and provide example to clear my results. Extend previous work on fixed point theorems and contribute to the theory of proximity points in non-standard metric spaces.
BEST PROXIMITY THEOREM FOR GENERALIZED (θ,γ)-PROXIMAL CONTRACTION MAPPING IN RECTANGULAR QUASI B- METRIC SPACE
(WOLKITE UNIVERSITY, 2025-06-10) KASAHUN BEYENE BEJIGA
This paper explores best proximity point theorems whit in the framework of broad (θ,γ) proximal reduction “mappings in rectangular quasi b-metric spaces”. “We introduce the class of rectangular quasi b- metric” space as a broadening of rectangular metric space, “rectangular quasi” b-metric space, “rectangular b-metric” space,define broad (θ,γ)proximal reduction mappings. Establish situation under which a optimal proximity point exists and provide example to clear my results. Extend previous work on fixed point theorems and contribute to the theory of proximity points in non-standard metric spaces.
CHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF POLYANILINE ON THE SURFACE OF MORINGA OLIFERA SEED FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
(Wolkite University, 2023-06-19) AYANSA FIKADU G/MARIAM
Water technology advancement coupled with environmental concern, increasing water demand, and the living standards of society led to the technology that provides clear water to the ecosystem. This study was give best alternative that surface modification of PANI on MO in which low-cost, effective, and environmentally friendly adsorbents new and innovated for water treatment technology. Thus, PANI/MO was synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline on moringa olifera seed for wastewater treatment applications and study the physico- chemical parameter of wastewater generated from Enamor Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. The values of most of the physicochemical parameters, and heavy metals were above the acceptable range for wastewater discharge limits set by WHO. The correlation coefficient of physico-chemical parameter between the four wastewater sampler was strong, and moderate correlation between all parameter(TDS,EC,TSS, pH, TA, and TH), while weak correlation between turbidity TDS, EC, TSS, pH, TA, TH, and Temp. The prepared nano-composites were characterized by powder XRD, FT-IR, UV spectroscopy and conductimeter. SEM and XRD studies reveal that the crystal structures of embedded MO were amorphous with semi-crystalline, while PANI, PANI/MO nanoparticles distorted and become porous with polycrystalline. Vibrational spectra analysis confirms that adsorbed PANI nanoparticles on the surface of MO acts as a compensator for positively PANI nanoparticles in the formation of PANI/MO nano composites. UV-visible spectroscopy showed that PANI/MO has a smaller band gap compared with MO; this implies that PANI/MO has a higher probability of absorbing light, being optically active, or being chemically reactive. The experiment found that the PANI/MO composites had a best adsorption capacity for copper (10.01 mg/g) and lead (23.01 mg/g) in simulated wastewater solutions. When all parameters were optimized (pH at 5, contact time at 30 minutes, temperature at 250c, and 2 gram of PANI/MO) removal adsorption efficiency for Pb2+ (99%), and Cu2+ ions(97.77%). The Freundlich isotherm data for Cu2+ and Pb2+ have a good fit with the experimental data (R2 = 0.99 and 0.98), respectively. Cu2+ and Pb2+ Langmuir isotherm data (RL=0.18 & 0.19). The pseudo second order kinetic isothermal was more fit with physic-sorption at (R2=0.99 for Cu2+ and R2=1 for Pb2+ ). The PANI/MO composite shows antibacterial activity against the bacterial species.
College of Natural and Computational Sciences Department of Biology Ethnobotanical Study of `Medicinal Plants Used by Indigenous People of Munesa District
(Wolkite University, 2024-12-01) Getu Hirpo
Ethno botany is the scientific study of the way that people used plants to treat different human and livestock diseases. It includes all studies that concern with the mutual relationship between plants and people.The main objective of this study was to assess the traditional medicinal plants used by the indigenous people in selected kebeles of Munesa district. Traditional medicine is used throughout the world as it is dependent on locally available plants, which are easily accessible and capitalizes on traditional wisdom repository of knowledge simple to use and affordabily. Structured questionnaire, interview, observation, and document reviews were employed to collect both primary and secondary data. The data was analyzed and presented in qualitative and quantitative methods in that Paired comparison, fidelity level, preference ranking, informant consensus factor and direct matrix ranking were used during data analysis Medicinal healers of the study area gave treatment for different human and livestock diseases like: conjure, breast disease, snake bite, liver diseases, diabetic, cold sore, throat infections, sexually inactive male, allergy, epilepsy, antiseptics, diarrhea, bloat, endo and ecto parasite, Helminthiasis, Anthrax and others. The traditional healers prepare the traditional medicine by mechanisms like: crushing/grinding, squeezing, boiling, roasting. They used different route of administration such as: oral, tying, fitted to the target infected site by traditionally standardized dose. Leaf/pod and root/rhizome were highly used by more than half of the respondents (27%, 26% respectively) for the preparation of traditional medicine. The findings of this study showed that, many of effective medicinal plants in the study area were under risk of threatening or they endangered and any concerned body can give attention for conservation of these threatened medicinal plant species.
COMMON BEST PROXIMITY POINT RESULTS FOR MULTI-VALUED CYCLIC MAPPINGS ON PARTIAL METRIC SPACES
(wolkite University, 2025-02-28) AZIZEW ABATE
This thesis investigates best proximity point theory as a natural generalization of classical fixed point results to non-self mappings. The study focuses on generalized (α,T)-contraction mappings, cyclic and multi-valued in partial metric spaces. By unifying concepts from Hausdorff metric space and partial metric spaces, we develop existence and uniqueness theorems for best proximity points under various contractive conditions. The results extend the principle to provide new insights into cyclic and multi-valued mappings. Illustrative examples are presented to verify the applicability of the findings
COMMON BEST PROXIMITY POINT THEOREMS FOR GENERALIZED PROXIMAL WEAKLY CONTRATIVE MAPPING IN b-METRIC SPACES
(Wolkite University, 2021-06-01) YITAGES NEGEDE
In this thesis, common best proximity point theorems for weakly contrac- tive mapping in b-metric spaces in the cases of non-self mappings are proved, we introduced the notion of generalized proximal weakly contrac- tive mappings in b-metric spaces and proved the existence and uniqueness of common best proximity point for these mappings in complete b-metric spaces. We also included some supporting examples that our finding is more generalize that the references we used.
COMMON BEST PROXIMITY POINT THEOREMS FOR THE GENERALIZED FUZZY INTERPOLATIVE PROXIMAL CONTRACTIONS ON FUZZY METRIC SPACES
(Wolkite University, 2025-01-01) SHANBEL WONDIMU
We introduce a new type of interpolative proximal contractive condition that ensures the existence of the common best proximity points of fuzzy mappings in the complete non-archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. We establish certain best proximity point the orems for such proximal contractions. We improve and generalize the fuzzy proximal contractions by introducing fuzzy proximal interpolative contractions. The obtained results improve and generalize the common best proximity point theorems published in Fuzzy Information and Engineering. Moreover, we provide nontrivial examples to validate our common best proximity point theorem.
Common Best Proximity Point Theorems of Generalized Proximal (ψ, φ)-Weakly Contractive Mappings in b-Metric-Like spaces
(Wolkite University, 2023-11-01) ABDREZAK AHMEDIN
In this thesis, common best proximity point theorems for generalized proximal (ψ, φ)-weakly contractive mapping in the cases of non-self mappings are proved. We introduced the notion of generalized proximal (ψ, φ)-weakly contractive mappings in b-metric-like spaces and proved the existence and uniqueness of common best proximity point for generalized proximal (ψ, φ)- weakly contractive mappings in complete b-metric-like spaces. We also included one example supporting examples that our finding is more generalized with the references we used.
DENTIFYING AND MINIMIZING STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS IN CHEMICAL BONDING: THE CASE OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN KUTERE SECONDARY SCHOOL, SILTE ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, ETHIOPIATHE CASE OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS IN KUTERE SECONDARY SCHOOL
(Wolkite University, 2024-09-01) HASSEN MAHMUD ALI
Children do not come to school as a “tabula rasa, but rather with knowledge gained from different sources and through daily life. These different sources can help or hinder learning. This situation is said to be misconception. The main purpose of this study was to identify and minimize students’ misconceptions about chemical bonding. The study was carried out in Kutere Secondary School in Silte Zone, Central Ethiopia with special reference to grade 9 students’ focus. Descriptive survey, especially a case study was employed to address the problem. To conduct this study 72 students were selected through stratified sampling technique from the total population of 360 students. To achieve the objectives of the study employed data gathering tools were the conceptual understanding tests (pre-and post-test) in the chemical bonding topic. Each question in the conceptual understanding test was designed to previous students’ knowledge and understanding about chemical bonding. All data collected were analyzed quantitatively. The study described the causes for these misconceptions. These were students’ personal experience, inappropriate use of laboratory, misinformation, inattentiveness, selective attention, and unevaluated text books. Replacing those misconceptions with scientifically accepted conceptual views is necessary and efforts should be made to create awareness continuously for students, teachers, school principals and educational experts. Conducting training and different workshop with those concerned bodies is more advisable to increase the understanding and to avoid (minimize) misconceptions in chemical bonding. Thus, to improve the situation, it is recommended that every educator should be aware of students background, daily life experience, pre conceptions before providing lessons on chemistry teachers should spend more time to produce more conceptual talk about the topic to bring conceptual understanding, different instructional methods should be applied to support conceptual understanding of chemical bonding.
DIET COMPOSITION AND FEEDING HABITS OF CYPRINUS CARPIO (LINNAEUS 1758) (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE)
(Wolkite University, 2024-11-01) INJIGU WENDIMU
The diet composition and feeding habits of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) were examined using 209 fish samples from Lake Arekit. The species' feeding patterns were determined through numerical indexes (frequency of occurrence and volumetric contribution) and composite indexes (Index of Preponderance (IOP) and Geometric Index of Importance (GIIi)). Among the 209 specimens, 174 (83.3%) displayed a range of dietary items in their stomachs. Detritus emerged as the primary food source for C. carpio, followed by macrophytes, insects, and zooplankton. A lesser amount of phytoplankton, nematodes, and ostracods were also consumed. Based on the findings, C. carpio can be classified as a detri-omnivore, as it consumes benthic species like nematodes, ostracods, and insect larvae. Seasonal fluctuations in food item consumption were noted (p < 0.05), with higher intake during the rainy season and reduced consumption in the dry season. Significant variations in food preferences were observed among size groups (p < 0.05). Smaller size classes preferred foods of animal origin, such as ostracods, zooplankton, and insects, while macrophytes and detritus were more prevalent in the largest class. This study enhances our understanding of C. carpio's diet in Lake Arekit. Still, further research is necessary to explore the diet across the fish's lifespan and monthly, considering various environmental conditions.
Ethnobotanical Study of `Medicinal Plants Used by Indigenous People of Munesa District Arsi zone Oromia Region Ethiopia
(Wolkite University, 2024-09-01) Getu Hirpo
Ethno botany is the scientific study of the way that people used plants to treat different human and livestock diseases. It includes all studies that concern with the mutual relationship between plants and people.The main objective of this study was to assess the traditional medicinal plants used by the indigenous people in selected kebeles of Munesa district. Traditional medicine is used throughout the world as it is dependent on locally available plants, which are easily accessible and capitalizes on traditional wisdom repository of knowledge simple to use and affordabily. Structured questionnaire, interview, observation, and document reviews were employed to collect both primary and secondary data. The data was analyzed and presented in qualitative and quantitative methods in that Paired comparison, fidelity level, preference ranking, informant consensus factor and direct matrix ranking were used during data analysis Medicinal healers of the study area gave treatment for different human and livestock diseases like: conjure, breast disease, snake bite, liver diseases, diabetic, cold sore, throat infections, sexually inactive male, allergy, epilepsy, antiseptics, diarrhea, bloat, endo and ecto parasite, Helminthiasis, Anthrax and others. The traditional healers prepare the traditional medicine by mechanisms like: crushing/grinding, squeezing, boiling, roasting. They used different route of administration such as: oral, tying, fitted to the target infected site by traditionally standardized dose. Leaf/pod and root/rhizome were highly used by more than half of the respondents (27%, 26% respectively) for the preparation of traditional medicine. The findings of this study showed that, many of effective medicinal plants in the study area were under risk of threatening or they endangered and any concerned body can give attention for conservation of these threatened medicinal plant species.