ADANE ZELEKEMESKEREM WARKINARAHEL BEZA2025-06-202025-08https://rps.wku.edu.et/handle/123456789/46323Soil degradation due to erosion and nutrient depletion remains a major environmental and agricultural challenge in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Ewane Kebele, Chahe Wereda, Gurage Zone, to assess the roles and challenges of indigenous soil conservation practices. Data were collected from 87 farmers through questionnaires and interviews, supported by both primary and secondary sources. The results indicate that farmers possess significant awareness of soil erosion and actively implement various indigenous conservation techniques, including terracing, contour farming, stone bunds, crop rotation, and agroforestry. These practices have demonstrated effectiveness in improving soil fertility, reducing erosion, enhancing moisture retention, and increasing crop yields. However, their broader adoption is hindered by challenges such as limited land availability, Labor-Intensive , poverty, inadequate extension services, and shifting perceptions, especially among younger farmers. The study recommends increased education, resource access, policy support, and integration of traditional knowledge with modern techniques to sustain and scale these practices for improved land productivity and environmental health.enIndigenous practicessoil conservationEwane Kebelesoil erosionland degradationThesis