PREVALENCE OF PNEUMONIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN ATTENDING PEDIATRICS OPD IN BUTA JIRA HEALTH CENTER, 2023. A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory infection is among the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia and throughout the world. The main aim of the this study will be to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pneumonia among children 2-59 months old in Buta jira Health center in pediatrics OPD. Objective: To assess the prevalence of pneumonia and associated factors among under five years age children in Butajira health center, Gurage zone, SNNPR, , Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design will be conducted on participants and systematic random sampling technique will be applied to select participant. Data will be collected by interview method using structured questionnaire. The collected data will be check for completeness, code and enter into statically package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 27 for analysis .To control data quality data collectors and a supervisor will be trained for one days. All variables used in the bivariate analysis and variables with P-values less than 0.25 candidates for multivariate analysis to control confounding variable and to determine predictors of pneumonia. Crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio were computed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value <0.05 was considered to declare statistically significant association. The questioner will be included potential risk factor for pneumonia which will be categorized into socio-demographic factory, child related factors and environmental factor. Our data will be described by using descriptive statistics. Result: The prevalence of pneumonia among under five children was 77%. Use of charcoal as a fuel source (P= 0.011, AOR=0.316 CI= (0.129, 0.771)), children who unvaccinated (P= 0.013, AOR= 0.206 (95% CI) = (0.059, 0.718)), Children who have diarrhea (P=0.012, AOR=0.365 CI= (0.166, 0.805)), child those start additional food at six month (P= 0.009, AOR= 0.181 CI= (0.05, 0.655,)),children those MUAC of between 12cm and 12.9cm P= 0.001, AOR= 0.188 CI= (0.0770, 0.459)), household that has no ventilation system (P= 0.009, AOR= 3.057 (95% CI) = (1.314, 7.111)), household that are near the factories (P= 0.027, AOR= 4.633(95% CI) = (1.192, 18.002)), children from unclean residence (P= 0.042, AOR=2.246CI= (0.903, 5.586)) and household that haven’t Refrigerator (P= 0.003, AOR= 0.289CI= (0.129, 0.648)) were the potential risk factor of under five pneumonia. Conclusion and Recommendation: This studies show that the prevalence of under five pneumonia was high. Therefore, by make intervention on potential determinates such as: by Ventilate and improved housing conditions, give health education on environmental and personal hygiene , promoting health education on the importance of immunization status, improve child nutritional status, and early control of diarrhea we can reduce under-five pneumonia.